3. Causes of constipation
Eating large amounts of milk
Eating foods low in fiber.
Not drinking enough water (dehydration).
Not getting enough exercise.
Stress factors, such as traveling .
7. Meconium impaction in foals
Meconium is the first fecal material
produced in the uterus by a newborn
foal.
It is Composed of cellular debris,
amniotic fluid and intestinal secretions.
8. It is normally passes within 30 minutes to
two hours after birth.
It is dark brown and forms small balls,
but in meconium impaction it becoms dry
and hard.
9. Causes
lack of oxygen at birth may affect
intestinal motility.
Dehydration may also effect the
passage of fecal material.
A narrower pelvis in male foal may
predispose it to impaction.
10. General Symptoms
(1) Feces is dry, hard, may be stained with
mucus or blood, accompanied with tenesmus.
(2) Complete stop of defecation, rectum is
blocked with very hard masses of feces.
(3) Animal dull, depressed, loss appetite, with
abdominal pain.
(4) Later on, intestinal tympany, dehydration,
autointoxication & toxemia may occur.
11. Abdominal pain
manifested by tail
swishing and
restlessness
Reduced
attempts to nurse
recumbency and
violent rolling
Clinical finding
In Foals
12. Abdominal distention.
Absent fecal production
Eversion of rectal
mucosa
Tenesmus (straining to
defecate) .
16. Treatment
1- Fluid therapy
Normal Saline 0.9%
1- 2 liter I/V
Glucose 5%
As a source of energy
17. 2- Laxtive
1) Liquid paraffin,
oil mineral (lubricant laxative) 0.50 liters
for 40 kg B.W
60-120 ml for small animal,
2-30 ml for pits, given per os
Glycerin suppository
20. Mg-sulphate & Parasympatho mimetics
are contraindicated in cases of:
(1) Severe constipation .
(2) Emaciation (to avoid shock or
death).
21. 3-Lactulose.( DUPHALAC)
is a non-absorbable sugar used in the
treatment of constipation
It is either by mouth or in the rectum
. It generally begins working after 8–12
hours, but may take up to 2 days to
improve constipation
0.5 mL/kg, PO, 2–3 times daily
Lactulose is the most effective agent of
this group.
23. Types of Rectal Enema
1-Cleansing enemas:
Cleansing enemas are water-based and
meant to be held in the rectum for a
short time to flush colon.
Once injected, they’re retained for a few
minutes until body rids itself of the fluid,
along with loose matter and impacted
stool in bowel.
24. 1-saline.
salt water that mimics your body’s
sodium concentration
are used primarily for their ability to
expand the colon and mechanically
promote defecation.
25. 2- Hyperosmtic enema
Epsom salt(Mg sulphate) is said to be
more effective at relaxing bowel muscles
and relieving constipation
26. 3-Lactulose.( DUPHALAC)
is a non-absorbable sugar used in the
treatment of constipation
It is either by mouth or in the rectum
. It generally begins working after 8–12
hours, but may take up to 2 days to
improve constipation
0.5 mL/kg, PO, 2–3 times daily
Lactulose is the most effective agent of
this group.
28. 3-Sodium phosphate
الشرجية الحقن انواع افضل
Fleet enema for constipation is
considered the most powerful,
and must be given in the precise
dosage to prevent side effects
29. 4-Soap suds.
mild soap with minimal additives, to water
mildly irritates the bowel, which
encourages the rapid excretion of stool.
بالماء يخفف او هو كما الغسيل مسحوق
30. 5-Lemon juice
Lemon juice mixed with warm, filtered
water is said to balance the pH of your
body while cleansing your colon.
31. 6-Apple cider vinegar
Advocates say that mixing apple cider
vinegar with warm, filtered water can
quickly clear the bowel
التفاح خل
32. 2-Retention enemas
Retention enemas are designed to be held
in your bowel for an extended period —
usually a minimum of 15 minutes — before
being released.
33. 2-Retention enemas
1-Mineral oil.
This type of enema works primarily by
lubricating waste inside of your colon,
sealing it with water, and promoting its
removal.
البرافين زيت
الكتان بذرة زيت
الزيتون زيت
الخروع زيت
35. 3-Herbal.
garlic,
catnip tea,
or red raspberry leaf
mixed with water to make herbal enemas
with purported nutritional, infection-fighting,
and anti-inflammatory benefits.
الثوم
البرى النعناع
االحمر التوت اوراق
