4. Lipids:
• Fatty acid derivatives
• Hydrophobic, Not simple
• Fats- Heterogeneous group of compounds not polymers
• Soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, chloroform, benzene
• A group (Since only have hydrophobic character in common) of
organic, heterogeneous, small sized molecules that are hydrophobic
and are formed by carbonation of phosphate esters and glycerol by
condensation process
• Protection, insulation, source of food and energy,
5.
6.
7.
8. Steroids:
• Specialized lipids- Imp. For function of many hormones
• Consist of backbone of 4 fused C rings with variable R groups that are
responsible for its variety
• Specific amount of these is necessary for blood vessels- Yet more
amount can cause blockage of blood vessels
• Cholesterol- for smoothening of arteries but excess can cause clotting
and heart problems
• Fungi and yeast- Ergosterols
• Most abundant steroids- Sterols
9.
10.
11.
12. Fats- Triacylglycerols
• Single bond- Saturated- Mostly Animal fats are saturated like blood fats and butter
• Double Bond- Unsaturated- Bending in structure
• Naturally mostly Cis forms
• Plant fats are liquid in nature like sun flower oil, soybean oil- Since double bonds
• Hydrogenated oils in local industries usually have unremoved Ni which is
carcinogenic
• Artificially (Hydrogenation)- Trans Fats formed- AFFECTS CONCENTRATION
OF CHOLESTROL AND INCREASES IT TO HARMFUL LEVEL
• Naturally (In plants)- Cis Fats are present
• Olive- not used for cooking/ only specially prepare olive oil can be used for
cooking
• Adipose cell, healthy diet, Insulation layers (in whales and penguins),
Cushion all organs except brain, Plasma membrane formation
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18. Phospholipids:
• Diff. from fats
Different fatty acid chains with one having phosphate group
Head is hydrophilic (polar) –outside-while tail (non polar)-inside- is
hydrophobic
Structural roles in plasma membrane, lipid bilayer matrix
