Brief information about the Turkish Transportation & Logistics Industry including road, rail, maritime and air transportation, main institutions and companies

1. Foreign Market Consulting Ltd. Sti.
Istanbul
October, 2016
Transportation and Logistics
Industry in Turkey

2. FMConsulting prepares market snapshot reports from selected trusted sources in Turkey which
are regularly updated. These reports are brief presentations overviewing available facts &
figures on major industries in Turkey. If you need a specific research on different
segments, please contact with our Head of Market Research Department Mrs. Berna Gurleyen
(b.gurleyen@fmconsulting.com ). We would be happy to support you.

3. Contents
© 2016 Foreign Market Consulting Ltd. Sti.
A Introduction Page 04
B Road Transportation Page 05
C Rail Transportation Page 14
D Maritime Transportation and
Shipbuilding Industry
Page 19
E Air Transportation Page 24
F Main Institutions & Companies Page 28
G Market Outlook Page 30

4. 4
• Turkey's geographical location between the East and the West creates opportunities
for T&L activities and projects.
• 144 thousand companies and 866 thousand employees active in the T&L industry.
(Source: Social Security Institution, 2016)
A. Introduction
Overview
Sea
78,036.9
54%
Road
46,708.8
32%
Air
17,275.5
12%
Rail
806.7
1%
Other
1,011.0
1%
Exports by Mode of Transport,
Volume in USD mn, % Share, 2015
Sea
124,439.9
60%
Road
34,364.2
17%
Air
20,002.8
10%
Rail
1,169.6
0%
Other
27,257.9
13%
Imports by Mode of Transport,
Volume in USD mn, % Share, 2015
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK), 2016

5. 5
B. Road Transportation
Road Lengths
*Divided Road: A highway composed of a separator that distinctly
divides the traffic in one direction of the same highway from the
traffic of other direction.
Source: TUIK, 2016
Village
roads
172 339
72%
Provincial
roads -
Undivided
roads
31 598
13%
State
highways -
Divided
roads
19 357
8%
State
highways -
Undivided
roads
11 856
5%
Motorways
2 159
1%
Provincial
roads -
Divided
roads
1 467
1%
Road lengths,
km, % Share, 2015
Bituminous
surfacing
135 819
57%
Stone
crushed and
stabilized
79 329
33%
Graded and
ungraded
14 779
6%
Unpaved
5 344
2%
Stone black
3 505
2%
Roads by type of the surface,
km, % Share, 2015
• Total length of roads: 238,776 km

6. 6
B. Road Transportation
Freight and Passenger Transportation
Freight and Passenger Transportation and the Circulation on the State Roads, Provincial Roads and Motorways (Million)
Vehicle-km Ton-km Passenger-km
Year Total State road
Provincial
road
Motorway Total State road
Provincial
road
Motorway Total State road
Provincial
road
Motorway
2011 85 495 62 276 7 512 15 707 203 072 147 631 8 548 46 893 242 265 167 851 19 779 54 635
2014 102 988 70 246 13 983 18 759 234 492 163 918 16 845 53 729 276 073 183 566 32 307 60 200
2015 113 274 77 273 15 420 20 581 244 329 170 029 17 425 56 875 290 734 193 427 34 785 62 522
CAGR* 7.3% 5.5% 19.7% 7.0% 4.7% 3.6% 19.5% 4.9% 4.7% 3.6% 15.2% 3.4%
Vehicle-km: Unit measure of vehicle traffic corresponding to the conveyance of a vehicle over a distance of one kilometer.
Ton-km: Unit measure of goods traffic corresponding to the conveyance of goods over a distance of one kilometer.
Passenger-km: Unit measure of passenger traffic corresponding to the conveyance of a passenger over a distance of one kilometer.
*Compound annual growth rate btw. 2011-2015
Source: TUIK, 2016

7. 7
• The wars in Syria and Iraq, as well as the stagnation in the European economy, have
slightly affected the growth trend in international road and ro-ro transports.
B. Road Transportation
International Road & Ro-Ro Transports
Number of Transports 2010 2014 2015 2015/8 2016/8
CAGR
(2015/2010)
% Change
(2016-8/
2015-8)
Total Export Transports 1,349,947 1,559,125 1,505,472 972,986 974,188 2.2% 0.1%
Export Transports to EU 440,801 481,835 495,596 313,591 349,369 2.4% 11.4%
Total Import Transports 460,572 625,604 625,719 431,342 392,912 6.3% -8.9%
Import Transports from EU 354,214 396,616 408,418 272,838 286,333 2.9% 4.9%
Source: International Transporters Association of Turkey (UND), 2016
Iraq
39%
Syria
14%
Germany
7%
Azerbaijan
6%
Italy
4%
Other
30%
Main Destinations of Export
Transports, 2015
Source: International Transporters Association of Turkey (UND), 2016
Germany
25%
Iraq
23%
Italy
11%
Romania
3%
France
5%
Other
33%
Main Departure Countries of Import
Transports, 2015

8. 8
B. Road Transportation
International Roads in Turkey
Source: General Directorate of Highways, 2016

9. 9
B. Road Transportation
The Northern Marmara Motorway and the Yavuz Sultan
Selim Bridge
Source: http://3kopru.com and Ministry of Transport, Maritime
Affairs and Communications (UBAK), 2016
• Built and operated by IC Ictas – Astaldi Consortium
• Northern Marmara Motorway of nearly 115 km length
• 8 lane highway and 2 lane railway on the bridge
• The widest suspension bridge in the world with a width of 59 m and the longest
spanning one that has a rail system on it, with a main span of 1,408 m
• The suspension bridge with the highest tower of the world, with a height of more than
322 m
• Construction commenced in 2013 and completed in 2016
• Project volume of USD 3.5 bn

10. 10
• Being constructed by Nurol-Ozaltin-Makyol-Astaldi-Yuksel-Gocay group
• Construction started in 2013 and will end in 2020
• Osmangazi Bridge on the Izmit Gulf was commissioned in July 2016. The bridge has
a length of 2,682 m
• The travel time btw. Istanbul and Izmir will decrease to 3.5 hours, down from 8 hours
• 384 km highway and 49 km connection roads, 433 km in total
• Project volume: USD 8 bn
B. Road Transportation
Gebze-Orhangazi-Izmir Highway
Source: www.otoyolas.com.tr and UBAK, 2016

11. 11
B. Road Transportation
Eurasia Tunnel (Istanbul Strait Road Tube Crossing Project)
Source: www.avrasyatuneli.com
• Being constructed by the partnership of Yapi Merkezi from Turkey and SK E&C from
S. Korea
• Between Kazlicesme and Goztepe along a 14.6 km route including a 5.4 km twin-
deck tunnel that will cross the Bosphorus beneath the seabed
• To be commissioned in December 2016
• Investment volume: USD 1.245 bn

12. 12
• Integrated undersea tunnel, consisting three levels: Two levels for the highway and
one level for the subway
• Length of the three-level section: 6.5 km
• Depth under the sea level: 110 m
• The tender for etude, project and engineering services was made in August 2016
• The engineering projects are planned to be completed in a year
• Expected to serve 6.5 mn passengers per day
• Expected project cost: USD 3.5 bn
B. Road Transportation
Great Istanbul Tunnel
Source: UBAK, 2016

13. 13
• Canakkale 1915 Bridge:
• The tender will be in January 2017
• Construction will start in March 2017 and finish in 2023
• Length: 5169 m
• The bridge toll will be EUR 15+VAT
• Expected construction cost: TRY 15 bn
• Highway:
• Length: 324 km
• Expected construction cost: TRY 9.8 bn
B. Road Transportation
Istanbul-Balikesir Highway and Canakkale 1915 Bridge
Source: Hurriyet newspaper, October 2016

14. 14
C. Rail Transportation
Length of Railways and Volume of Rail Transportation
Length of Railways, Train, Passenger, Freight Transportation and Ton Kilometer
Year Length of railways (Km)
Length of High Speed Train
Railways (Km) *
Number of passengers ('000)
Number of passengers - High
Speed Train ('000) *
2011 12 000 888 85 752 2 557
2014 12 485 1 213 78 404 5 086
2015 12 532 1 213 95 317 5 693
CAGR** 1.1% 8.1% 2.7% 22.2%
Year Freight Amount - Tonne ('000) Train kilometer ('000) Passenger kilometer ('000) Tonne kilometer ('000)
2011 25 421 40 332 5 882 000 11 677 000
2014 28 747 43 006 4 393 000 11 992 000
2015 25 878 41 873 4 828 000 10 474 000
CAGR** 0.4% 0.9% -4.8% -2.7%
Train-kilometer: Unit measure of distance representing the movement of a train over one kilometer.
Passenger-kilometer: Unit measure of passenger traffic corresponding to the conveyance of a passenger over a distance of one kilometer.
Ton-kilometer: Unit measure of operating performance which corresponds to the hauling of one tonne of goods over a routed distance of one
kilometer.
•High speed train values are already included in the previous column.
***Compound annual growth rate btw. 2011-2015
Source: TUIK, 2016

15. 15
C. Rail Transportation
Railway Map
Source: Turkish State Railways (TCDD), 2015
Black: Conventional lines
Red: High speed train (HST) lines in operation
Blue: HST lines in construction and tender phase
Green: HST lines in project phase

16. 16
• Logistics centers, aimed to develop combined transportation integrated with other
modes of transport, being established throughout Turkey.
C. Rail Transportation
Logistics Centers
Source: TCDD, 2016
Red: In operation
Blue: Under construction
Green: In project and expropriation phase

17. 17
C. Rail Transportation
Marmaray
Source: www.marmaray.com
• Planned to connect European and Asian rail network via a tunnel under the
Bosporus
• Provides an uninterrupted passenger and freight transportation across the Istanbul
Strait
• Started in 2004 and came into operation in 2013
• 76.3 km total length, with 1.4 km immersed tube tunnel
• Capacity of 75,000 passengers per hour per direction

18. 18
• Being constructed on the basis of the Georgian-Azerbaijani-Turkish inter-state
agreement
• Planned to link Turkey with Central Asia by a continuous railway line
• Length of the new line to be constructed:
• 79 km (Turkish side)
• 29 km (Georgian side)
• The existing lines in Azerbaijan
and Georgia to be rehabilitated:
503 km
• To be completed in 2017
• Project value of the Turkish
section: TRY 884 mn
C. Rail Transportation
Kars-Tbilisi-Baku Railway
Source: UBAK, Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Transport
and press, 2016

19. 19
• 416 mn tons of cargo was handled in Turkish ports in 2015.
D. Maritime Transportation and Shipbuilding
Freight Handling in Ports
Source: UBAK, Directorate General of Merchant Marine, 2016
Liquid Bulk
Cargo
146.6
35%
Solid Bulk
Cargo
110.7
27%
Container
87.0
21%
General
Cargo
63.5
15%
Vehicles
8.2
2%
Freight Handling in Turkish Ports by Type
mn tons, % Share, 2015
Italy
51.7
14%
Russia
40.4
11%
Egypt
24.4
7%
USA
18.4
5%
Ukraine
17.5
5%
Other
211.1
58%
Freight Handling in Turkish Ports by Country
mn tons, % Share, 2015

20. 20
• Turkish mercantile navy is composed of 1,886 ships bigger than 150 GT with a total
size of 8.6 mn DWT in 2015.
D. Maritime Transportation and Shipbuilding
Mercantile Navy (Ships bigger than 150 GT)
*Other: Service Ships, Sea Vehicles, Fishing Vessels, Towing Boats, Boats and Yachts for Sports and Entertainment
Source: UBAK, Directorate General of Merchant Marine, 2016
Dry Cargo
Vessels
(General
cargo)
390
21%
Passenger
Ships
274
15%
Fishing
Vessels
229
12%
Boats and
Yachts for
Sports and
Entertainment
208
11%
Liquid/Gas
Tankers
194
10%
Sea Vehicles
191
10%
Towing Boats
133
7%
Service Ships
104
6%
Bulk Carriers
85
4%
Containers
78
4%
Mercantile Navy By Type
Number of Ships, % Share, 2015
Bulk
Carriers
3988931
46%
Liquid/Gas
Tankers
1735364
20%
Dry Cargo
Vessels
(General
cargo)
1534434
18%
Containers
1174278
14%
Passenger
Ships
68084
1%
Other*
68179
1%
Mercantile Navy By Type
DWT, % Share, 2015

21. 21
• 77 shipyards, the majority is in three cities: Istanbul (28), Yalova (24), Aliaga/Izmir
(22).
• 4.2 mn DWT/year project capacity in active shipyards
• 19 mn DWT/year repair and maintenance capacity
• 239,000 tons steel processing capacity
• Turkey is a net exporter of marine vessels: USD 996 mn of exports and USD 532 mn
of imports.
• Main destinations of exports: Norway, Faroe Islands, Panama
• Almost 30,000 people are employed in shipyards.
• 113 ships were recycled in 2015 and 602,000 tons of scrap was produced.
D. Maritime Transportation and Shipbuilding
Shipyards
Source: UBAK and Ministry of Economy, 2016

22. 22
D. Maritime Transportation and Shipbuilding
Main Ports
Main Port Regions in Turkey
PORT REGION TOTAL HANDLING (Mn Tons, 2015) Share %
BOTAS (CEYHAN) 78.1 19%
KOCAELI 64.6 16%
ALIAGA 48.8 12%
AMBARLI 36.2 9%
ISKENDERUN 36.1 9%
MERSIN 32.0 8%
TEKIRDAG 15.0 4%
GEMLIK 12.7 3%
KARADENIZ EREGLI 10.4 3%
SAMSUN 9.8 2%
IZMIR 9.6 2%
KARABIGA 9.2 2%
ZONGULDAK 7.5 2%
TUZLA 6.5 2%
ANTALYA 5.9 1%
GULLUK 5.5 1%
BANDIRMA 5.0 1%
CANAKKALE 4.3 1%
ISTANBUL 4.1 1%
TRABZON 3.4 1%
OTHER 11.2 3%
TOPLAM 416.0 100%
Source: UBAK, Directorate General of Merchant Marine, 2016

23. 23
• Candarli Port: Planned to be the largest container port of Turkey and among 10
largest ports in the world. Construction started in 2011. The final capacity will be 12
mn TEU/year.
• Filyos Port: Will be a port complex with combined transportation. Expected to
decrease the load on Marmara ports and straits, as well as provide an extra link
between Central Asia-Black Sea region and the Middle East. The capacity will be 25
mn tons/year. Planned to be completed in 2020.
• Mersin Container Port: Will be used as a base for transportations to East
Mediterranean, Middle East and Central Asia. The capacity will be 12.8 mn
TEU/year.
D. Maritime Transportation and Shipbuilding
New Port Projects
Source: UBAK, 2016

24. 24
E. Air Transportation
Aircraft, Passenger and Freight Traffic at the Airports
Air Traffic 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
CAGR 2011-
2015
Passenger Traffic 118,292,000 131,029,516 149,995,868 166,181,339 181,437,004 11%
Aircraft Traffic
(excl. overflight)
1,042,369 1,093,047 1,223,795 1,345,954 1,456,673 9%
Freight Traffic (tons) 2,249,473 2,249,134 2,595,317 2,893,000 3,072,830 8%
Source: General Directorate of State Airports Authority (DHMI), 2016

25. 25
E. Air Transportation
Number of Operators, Aircrafts and Airports
2014 2015 2015/2014 Change
Number of airline operators
13 13 0.0%
Number of airtaxi operators
50 49 -2.0%
Number of aircrafts of airline operators
422 489 15.9%
Number of aircrafts of airtaxi operators
212 219 3.3%
Seat capacity of aircrafts
76,297 90,259 18.3%
Air cargo capacity (tons)
1,349,875 1,759,600 30.4%
Number of airports (Total)
53 55 3.8%
•Number of airports (Domestic & international lines)
25 39 56.0%
•Number of airports (Domestic lines)
28 16 -42.9%
Source: Directorate General of Civil Aviation (SHGM), 2016

26. 26
E. Air Transportation
Main Airports
Source: DHMI, 2016
Istanbul
Ataturk
19.3
20%
Istanbul
Sabiha
Gokcen
18.5
19%
Ankara
Esenboga
10.6
11%
Izmir Adnan
Menderes
9.5
10%
Antalya
6.9
7%
Adana
4.6
5%
Trabzon
3.2
3%
Mugla Milas-
Bodrum
2.3
3%
Gaziantep
2.1
2%
Diyarbakır
2.1
2%
Other
17.8
18%
Main Airports by Passenger Traffic (Domestic
Lines), mn Passengers, % Share, 2015
Istanbul
Ataturk
42.0
50%
Antalya
20.9
25%
Istanbul
Sabiha
Gokcen
9.6
11%
Mugla
Dalaman
3.2
4%
Izmir Adnan
Menderes
2.6
3%
Other
5.8
7%
Main Airports by Passenger Traffic (International
Lines), mn Passengers, % Share, 2015

27. 27
• Will be the largest airport in the
world in terms of passenger
capacity: 150 mn passengers/
year
• Limak-Kolin-Cengiz-Mapa-
Kalyon group won the tender
with a proposal of EUR 22.2 bn
• Total investment volume will be
EUR 10.2 bn
• Construction started in 2014 and
the first stage will be in operation
in 2018
• 76.5 mn sqm area
E. Air Transportation
Third Airport in Istanbul
Source: www.megaprojeleristanbul.com, 2016 Source: Radikal newspaper, Oct. 29, 2012

28. 28
F. Main Institutions & Companies
Public Institutions
MINISTRY OF
TRANSPORT,
MARITIME AND
COMMUNICATIONS
www.ubak.gov.tr
MARITIME
General Directorate of Merchant Marine (DTGM)
General Directorate of Sea and Inland Waters (DIDGM)
General Directorate of Shipyards and Coastal Structures (TKYGM)
Directorate General of Coastal Safety (KEGM)
General Directorate of Infrastructure Investments (AYGM)
RAILWAY
Directorate General of Railway
Regulation (DDGM)
Turkish State Railways (TCDD)
Turkish Locomotive and Engine
Industry Inc (TULOMSAS)
Turkish Railway Machines
Industry Inc (TUDEMSAS)
Turkish Wagon Industry Inc
(TUVESAS)
General Directorate of
Infrastructure Investments (AYGM)
ROAD
Directorate General of Highways (KGM)
Directorate General of Highway Regulation (KDGM)
Directorate General of Dangerous Goods and Combined Transportation (TMKT)
AVIATION
Directorate General of State
Airports Authority (DHMI)
Directorate General of Civil
Aviation (SHGM)
General Directorate of
Infrastructure Investments (AYGM)

29. 29
F. Main Institutions & Companies
Main Transportation and Logistics Companies
Company Name Business Field Net Sales
(TRY mn, 2015)*
Number of Employess
Turkish Airlines Aviation 28,752.0 27,676
Pegasus Airlines Aviation 3,488.3 4,967
SunExpress Aviation 3,379.5 2,584
General Directorate of State
Airports Authority (DHMI)
Aviation/
State Institution
3,240.9 9,157
Turkish State Railways (TCDD)
Railways/
State Institution
1,748.1 26,505
Netlog Logistics Logistics 1,569.7 7,050
Ekol Logistics 1,512.0 6,580
Borusan Lojistik Logistics 1,411.0 1,073
Metro Tourism Bus Transportation 871.3 418
Fasdat Gida
Food Distribution &
Logistics
825.6 311
*EUR 1 = TRY 3.021 in 2015
Source: Fortune Magazine, July 2016

30. 30
• Air transportation: 450 mn passengers/year capacity in airports.
• Maritime transportation: 50 mn DWT Turkish owned merchant navy, being among
the top 10 countries in the world.
• Road transportation: 37,000 km divided roads, 8000 km of which will be
motorways.
• Rail transportation: 13,000 km new railway construction (3,500 km high speed
railways, 8,500 km speed railways, 1,000 km conventional railways), to reach 25,000
km railways in total.
G. Market Outlook
2023 Targets
Source: UBAK, 2013

31. Confidentiality
Foreign Market Consulting Ltd Sti handles all data and information confidentially and also asks all
information to be handled confidentially, especially regarding the sources used.
Liability
FMConsulting receives information and data from third parties and presents the gathered data to its
customers. Thus, FMConsulting does not take any responsibility for the accuracy of any declaration or
precision of any gathered data.
Foreign Market Consulting Ltd. Sti. • Dede Yusuf Sok. No:11, 34453 Buyukdere Sariyer Istanbul - Turkey
Tel: +90-212-3638 052 • Fax: +90-212-3638 517 • www.fmconsulting.com