This document summarizes infrastructure in India, focusing on different modes of transportation. It discusses the road, rail, water, and air transportation networks in India. For roads, it provides statistics on total length and key expressways and national highways. For rail, it outlines the size of the rail network and growth statistics. It then summarizes ports and inland waterways, noting some challenges for each mode of transportation in India.
Importance of Transportation, Different modes of transportation, Overview of Road, Rail, Air and Water Transportation, Comparison of various modes of Transportation. Organizations and their functions - Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), Indian Road Congress (IRC), Railway Board (RB), Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), Airport Authority of India (AAI), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA).
Importance of Transportation, Different modes of transportation, Overview of Road, Rail, Air and Water Transportation, Comparison of various modes of Transportation. Organizations and their functions - Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), Indian Road Congress (IRC), Railway Board (RB), Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), Airport Authority of India (AAI), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA).
This webinar was hosted on October 17, 2014 and was presented by Amit Bhatt, Strategy Head - Urban Transport, EMBARQ India. Globally, 1.4 million people die each year in road traffic crashes. India accounts for 10% of those fatalities, and the majority of victims are pedestrians and cyclists. The new (draft) Road Transport and Safety Bill 2014, a huge step up from the previous Motor Vehicles Act 1988, was published for public comment by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Amit Bhatt, who has been actively involved in discussions around this Act, presented the details of the same, highlighting the salient features and what it would mean for India if this bill were to be passed. The webinar addressed key issues relating to the current situation of road transport and safety in India, and showcased a comparison of the existing Motor Vehicles Act and the proposed new one. Amit also discussed the key provisions of the new Bill, its possible impact, and the road ahead.
The webinar recording can be accessed here - http://embarqindiahub.org/webinars/why-governments-latest-draft-road-transport-and-safety-bill-matters-india
Design and innovations in Transportation Systems for Make in IndiaAr. Avitesh
This paper has discussed main problems of transportation and also the solutions for tomorrow’s transportation; focusing on the
Governance challenges of our transportation.
Transport in the Republic of India is an important part of the nation's economy.
Today in the country we have a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air.
Being a vast country India needs efficient and cheap transportation system
Challenges
The major challenges facing the sector are:
India’s roads are congested and of poor quality. Lane capacity is low - most national highways are two lanes or less. A quarter of all India's highways are congested. Many roads are of poor quality and road maintenance remains under-funded - only around one-third of maintenance needs are met. This leads to the deterioration of roads and high transport costs for users. Rural Bike
Rural areas have poor access. Roads are significant for the development of the rural areas - home to almost 70 percent of India's population. Although the rural road network is extensive, some 33 percent of India’s villages do not have access to all-weather roads and remain cut off during the monsoon season. The problem is more acute in India's northern and northeastern states which are poorly linked to the country’s major economic centers.
The railways are facing severe capacity constraints. All the country’s high-density rail corridors face severe capacity constraints. Also, freight transportation costs by rail are much higher than in most countries as freight tariffs in India have been kept high to subsidize passenger traffic.
Urban centres are severely congested. In Mumbai, Delhi and other metropolitan centers, roads are often severly congested during the rush hours. The dramatic growth in vehicle ownership during the past decade - has reduced rush hour speeds especially in the central areas of major cities.
Ports are congested and inefficient. Port traffic has more than doubled during the 1990s, touching 650 million tons in 2006-07. This is expected to grow further to about 900 million tons by 2011-12. India's ports need to significantly ramp up their capacity and efficiency to meet this surging demand.
Airport infrastructure is strained. Air traffic has been growing rapidly leading to severe strain on infrastructure at major airports, especially in the Delhi and Mumbai airports which account for more than 40 percent of nation’s air traffic.
TRADITIONAL MEANS
MODERN MEANS
CHALLENGES OF TRANSPORTATION
India is one of the fastest growing economies in Asia and the entire world. Especially in the transport and logistics industry sector, India shows superior growth rates creating enhanced potential for foreign players. The objective of this summary is to identify the market potential as well as the current demand in this sector and to point out the investment perspectives, especially for European players. Certainly, climate change affects these prospects. Hence, this summary exposes the current Indian situation and the main challenges contributing to this. But despite these problems and also resulting from these, India offers a high potential for investments as the current studies have already shown. Dr. Mahesh Patel"Analysis of Indian Transport System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-3 , April 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd74.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/74/analysis-of-indian-transport-system/dr-mahesh-patel
Indian Railway is the state-owned railway company of India, which owns and operates most of the country's rail transport. It is overseen by the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India It's provides the full knowledge about Indian railways & its signalling system and it's gives the knowledge about rail-net and the network used in Indian rail and the topology used in indian railway for the internet .
this is the PPT created on the chapter 'lifelines of Indian economy'. Me and some of my friends created the slide we are of kendriya Vidyalaya Aurangabad. i hope you will enjoy this ppt...........best of luck.......
This webinar was hosted on October 17, 2014 and was presented by Amit Bhatt, Strategy Head - Urban Transport, EMBARQ India. Globally, 1.4 million people die each year in road traffic crashes. India accounts for 10% of those fatalities, and the majority of victims are pedestrians and cyclists. The new (draft) Road Transport and Safety Bill 2014, a huge step up from the previous Motor Vehicles Act 1988, was published for public comment by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Amit Bhatt, who has been actively involved in discussions around this Act, presented the details of the same, highlighting the salient features and what it would mean for India if this bill were to be passed. The webinar addressed key issues relating to the current situation of road transport and safety in India, and showcased a comparison of the existing Motor Vehicles Act and the proposed new one. Amit also discussed the key provisions of the new Bill, its possible impact, and the road ahead.
The webinar recording can be accessed here - http://embarqindiahub.org/webinars/why-governments-latest-draft-road-transport-and-safety-bill-matters-india
Design and innovations in Transportation Systems for Make in IndiaAr. Avitesh
This paper has discussed main problems of transportation and also the solutions for tomorrow’s transportation; focusing on the
Governance challenges of our transportation.
Transport in the Republic of India is an important part of the nation's economy.
Today in the country we have a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air.
Being a vast country India needs efficient and cheap transportation system
Challenges
The major challenges facing the sector are:
India’s roads are congested and of poor quality. Lane capacity is low - most national highways are two lanes or less. A quarter of all India's highways are congested. Many roads are of poor quality and road maintenance remains under-funded - only around one-third of maintenance needs are met. This leads to the deterioration of roads and high transport costs for users. Rural Bike
Rural areas have poor access. Roads are significant for the development of the rural areas - home to almost 70 percent of India's population. Although the rural road network is extensive, some 33 percent of India’s villages do not have access to all-weather roads and remain cut off during the monsoon season. The problem is more acute in India's northern and northeastern states which are poorly linked to the country’s major economic centers.
The railways are facing severe capacity constraints. All the country’s high-density rail corridors face severe capacity constraints. Also, freight transportation costs by rail are much higher than in most countries as freight tariffs in India have been kept high to subsidize passenger traffic.
Urban centres are severely congested. In Mumbai, Delhi and other metropolitan centers, roads are often severly congested during the rush hours. The dramatic growth in vehicle ownership during the past decade - has reduced rush hour speeds especially in the central areas of major cities.
Ports are congested and inefficient. Port traffic has more than doubled during the 1990s, touching 650 million tons in 2006-07. This is expected to grow further to about 900 million tons by 2011-12. India's ports need to significantly ramp up their capacity and efficiency to meet this surging demand.
Airport infrastructure is strained. Air traffic has been growing rapidly leading to severe strain on infrastructure at major airports, especially in the Delhi and Mumbai airports which account for more than 40 percent of nation’s air traffic.
TRADITIONAL MEANS
MODERN MEANS
CHALLENGES OF TRANSPORTATION
India is one of the fastest growing economies in Asia and the entire world. Especially in the transport and logistics industry sector, India shows superior growth rates creating enhanced potential for foreign players. The objective of this summary is to identify the market potential as well as the current demand in this sector and to point out the investment perspectives, especially for European players. Certainly, climate change affects these prospects. Hence, this summary exposes the current Indian situation and the main challenges contributing to this. But despite these problems and also resulting from these, India offers a high potential for investments as the current studies have already shown. Dr. Mahesh Patel"Analysis of Indian Transport System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-3 , April 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd74.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/74/analysis-of-indian-transport-system/dr-mahesh-patel
Indian Railway is the state-owned railway company of India, which owns and operates most of the country's rail transport. It is overseen by the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India It's provides the full knowledge about Indian railways & its signalling system and it's gives the knowledge about rail-net and the network used in Indian rail and the topology used in indian railway for the internet .
this is the PPT created on the chapter 'lifelines of Indian economy'. Me and some of my friends created the slide we are of kendriya Vidyalaya Aurangabad. i hope you will enjoy this ppt...........best of luck.......
Transportation & Logistics Industry in Turkey FMC Group
Brief information about the Turkish Transportation & Logistics Industry including road, rail, maritime and air transportation, main institutions and companies
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
E2 a02 unit_iv_infrastructure(1)
1. INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA
M. SABESH MANIKANDAN
Assistant Professor of Economics
Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College
Sivakasi
2. INFRASTRUCTURE
the installations that form the basis for any
operation or system
the word infrastructure has been used in English
since 1887 and in French since 1875
the word was imported from French, where it
means subgrade,
In latin
prefix "infra", meaning "below", and "structure".
3. ECONOMICS
In Keyenesian economics, the
word infrastructure was exclusively used to
describe public assets that facilitate production, but
not private assets of the same purpose.
In post-Keynesian times, however, the word has
grown in popularity. It has been applied with
increasing generality to suggest the internal
framework discernible in any technology system or
business organisation.
8. ROAD WAYS
India has 5,472,144 kilometres (as on 31 March
2015)
The second largest in the world.
India has less than 3.8 kilometres of roads per 1000
people, including all its paved and unpaved roads.
In 4 or more lane highways, India has less than
0.07 kilometres of highways per 1000 people
(2010).
9. LENGTH OF ROADS
Road
classification
Authority responsible Length (km) % of
network
length
National Highway Ministry of Road Transport and Highways 97,991 1.79
State Highway Public Works Department of State/Union 167,109 3.05
Other PWD Public Works Department of State/Union 1,101,178 20.12
Rural roads Panchayats, JRY and PMGSY 3,337,255 61
Urban roads Local governments and municipalities 467,106 8.54
Project roads Various State/Union territory government
departments, and SAIL, NMDC and BRO
301,505 5.50
Total 5,472,144 100
10. EXPRESS WAY
Total length : 1208kms.
Major Express Way
Agra-Lucknow Expressway : 302 km
Uttar PradeshYamuna Expressway :165 km
Uttar PradeshHyderabad Telangana :158 km
11. NATIONAL HIGHWAY
Lanes Length (in Km) %
Double lane 36031 51%
Single Lane /
Intermediate lane
18,350 26%
Four Lane/Six
lane/Eight Lane
16,553 23%
Total 70934 100
12. NATIONAL HIGHWAY (4 LANE)
North–South and East-West : 6,310 kms.
Golden Quadrilateral Highway: 5,846 kms.
Inter – Capital : 4,553 kms.
Bypass and Other
National Highways : 961 kms.
Port Connectivity : 353 kms.
13. STATE HIGHWAY
Total length : 37712 km
Major State
Andhra Pradesh : 10,518 (single: 2,092; intermediate :1,001;
Double: 6,902; multi: 236)
Rajasthan : 11,716
Gujarat : 19,761
Karnataka : 20,738
Tamil Nadu : 26,985 (single: 1,743; intermediate: 6,586;
double: 15,267, multi: 3,389)
Maharashtra : 33,705
15. PROBLEMS OF ROAD TRANSPORT
Faulty Planning of Transport System
Lack of Rail Road Co-ordination
Worn out and Obsolete Assets
Improved technology
16. GROWTH OF ROAD TRANSPORT
Sl.
No.
Units 1950–51 1970–71 2000–01 2015–16
1 Road Length
(‘000 km.)
400 915 3420 5472
2 No. of goods
Vehicle (‘000)
82 343 2680 9300
18. RAIL TRANSPORT
Rail transport is commonly used mode of long-
distance transport in India, especially for passenger
travel.
Railways were introduced to India in 1853 from
Mumbai
It is the fourth largest railway network in the world
Total route : 68525 kms.
Total track : 115,000 kms.
No. of Stations : 7172
No. of passengers : 8.397 billion
Freights : 106 million
21. TRAMS
Tramways are known
as streetcar, trolley or
trolley car.
Tramway is operate in
Calcutta, the only
operating tram network
in India
the oldest operating
electric tram in Asia.
22. SUB-URBAN
Railway system
consists of rapid transit
on exclusive inner
suburban railway lines.
India –
Mumbai Suburban
Chennai Suburban and
Kolkata Suburban.
23. METRO
Metro Rail are known
as Rapid transit
consists of bus.
the first rapid transit
system in India was the
Kolkata Metro and
Delhi Metro was India’s
first modern metro and
24. MONO RAIL
a single rail track
typically elevated also
called an elevated
railway system.
Mumbai Monorail is
part of a major
expansion of public
transport in the city and
the first monorail in
India
25. TOY TRAINS
The Toy Trains or Hill
Trains of Mountain
Railways of India.
Darjeeling Himalayan
Nilgiri Mountain
Kalka–Shimla
Kangra Valley and
Matheran Hill
30. AIRWAYS IN INDIA
Particulars Numbers
Airports 127
International Airports 13
Customs Airports 7
Civil Enclaves 28
Domestic Airports 80
JV Airports 2
Passenger traffic annual growth of
domestic
1999-00 6.90 %
2005-06 27.90 %
Passenger traffic annual growth of
International
1999-00 2.90 %
2005-06 15.45 %
31. • Airports with Customs Checking and Clearance
Facilities handling international flights but not
elevated to International Airport status.
Customs
• Indian Armed Forces Handled AirportDefence
• Handles domestic flightsDomestic
• Proposed or Under ConstructionFuture
• Handles International FlightsInternational
• Private airport for specific purposesPrivate
32. PASSENGER
All operational airports
handled a total of 223.6
million passengers in 2015
– 16.
Domestic : 168.9 mn
International : 54.7 mn
The total number of aircraft
movements amounted to
1.79 million
the fifth largest civil aviation
market in the world (behind
the USA, China, Japan and
the UK) based on the 254
million passengers handled
at all the airports.
33. CARGO
The total number of air
freight movements
reached 2.53 million
tons during 2015-16.
34. DOMESTIC
In 2016,
998.88 lakh passenger
travelled as against
810.91 lakh during the
2015
registering a growth of
23.18%
35. INTERNATIONAL
There are 88 scheduled
international carriers
5 Indian carriers and
83 Foreign carriers
India has air connectivity
with 55 countries through
more than 300 routes.
All operational airports
handled a total of 54.7
million international
passengers during 2015-
16.
36. MARKET SHARE (%) OF INTERNATIONAL
PASSENGERS CARRIED
Year Foreign Carriers Indian Carriers
2004-05 71.1 28.9
2009-10 65.5 34.5
2010-11 63.8 36.2
2011-12 64.1 35.9
2012-13 66.2 33.8
2013-14 61.7 38.3
2014-15 63.0 37.0
2015-16 63.4 36.6
37. PROPORTION OF INTERNATIONAL CARGO
CARRIED
Year Indian Carriers Foreign Carriers
2004-05 13.6 86.4
2009-10 16.1 83.9
2010-11 20.3 79.7
2011-12 21.1 78.9
2012-13 17.7 82.3
2013-14 18.3 81.7
2014-15 17.8 82.2
2015-16 16.9 83.1
39. INLAND
5 National Waterways (NW) : 4872 km
River Ganga (NW-1) : 1620 km (1986
River Brahmaputra (NW-2) : 891 (1988)
West Coast Canal (NW-3) : 205 (1993)
Kakinada to Puducherry (NW-4) : 1078 (2008)
Canal System along with River
Godavari and River Krishna
Brahmani and Mahanadi (NW-5) : 1078 (2008)
delta along with East Coast Canal
42. 2/22/2019
PORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
Ports in India
Major Ports Minor Ports and
Intermediate Ports
Kandla
Mumbai
Jawaharlal Nehru
Mormugao
New Mangalore
Cochin
Tuticorin
Chennai
Ennore
Visakhapatnam
Paradip
Kolkata
12 Ports
187 Ports
Gujarat 40
Maharashtra 53
Goa 5
Daman & Diu 2
Karnataka 10
Kerala 13
Lakshadweep 10
Tamil Nadu 15
Pondicherry 1
AndhraPradesh 12
Orissa 2
West Bengal 1
Andaman &
Nicobar 23
43. Year Major Ports Non-Major
Ports
Total Ports
1950-51 to 1960-61 5.51 8.67 5.83
1960-61 to 1970-71 5.31 4.26 5.19
1970-71 to 1980-81 3.74 0.06 3.40
1980-81 to 1990-91 6.57 6.62 6.57
1990-91 to 2006-07 7.24 18.22 8.97
1950-51 to 2006-07 5.83 8.51 6.27
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Cargo handled by Indian Ports.
(in %)
44. GROWTH OF SHIPPING
Sl.
No.
Year No. of ships Total
Coastal Overseas
1 1971 66 184 250
2 1981 59 331 390
3 1991 163 255 418
4 2001 316 230 546
5 2012 804 350 1154
45. GROWTH OF SHIPPING
Sl.
No.
Year Shipping Total
Coastal Overseas
1 1971 0.23 2.21 2.44
2 1981 0.25 5.49 5.74
3 1991 0.52 5.52 6.04
4 2001 0.70 6.12 6.82
5 2012 1.09 9.33 10.42
46. PROBLEMS OF PORT
Old infrastructure
Limited water depth
Inefficient of cargo handling system
Poor hinterland connectivity
High traffic
Poor quality of services
Over staffing
Lack of capacity
Lack of extension possibilities
47. PROBLEMS OF SEA WAYS
Overcapacity
Freight rates
High fuel prices
Piracy
Labour shortages
Locally
48. INLAND WATER TRANSPORT
In India, 14,500 km of river channels are navigable,
of which 3,700 km are usable by mechanised
boats.
But actually, only 2000 km are used. Of the total
canal length of 4,300 km in India, 900 km is
navigable, but only 330 km is used.
49. PROBLEMS OF INLAND WATERWAYS
There is a seasonal fall in water level in rivers especially
in the Rain-fed Rivers of the peninsula which become
nearly dry during summer.
Reduced flow due to diversion of water for irrigation, for
instance, in the Ganga which makes it difficult even for
steamers to ply.
There is reduced navigability due to siltation, as in the
Bhagirathi-Hooghly and in the Buckingham Canal.
There are problems in smooth navigation because of
waterfalls and cataracts, as in Narmada and Tapti.
Salinity, especially in the coastal stretches, affects
navigation.