This document discusses the concept of diglossia, which refers to a situation where two varieties of the same language exist side by side within a speech community. It introduces diglossia and defines it as a stable language situation where a community uses a primary dialect as well as a divergent, codified superposed variety used for formal purposes like education, writing, and official spoken contexts. It then discusses different aspects of diglossia, including the functions of high vs low varieties, prestige and acquisition of the varieties, standardization efforts, differences in grammar, lexicon, and phonology between varieties. The document concludes that in diglossia, no one speaks the high variety as a mother tongue.

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2. History of
Diglossia
Charles A. Ferguson (1959) Diglossia is relatively stable
language . Language situation , in which in the addition of
primary dialect . Of the language there is a divergent highly
codified superposed variety which is learn largely by formal
education and is used for most written and formal spoken
purpose .
The term diglossia was introduced into the English language
literature On sociolinguistic By Charles A. Ferguson (1959).
In order to describe the situation found in places like Greece ,
the Arabic-speaking world In general ,German speaking
Switzerland and the island of Haiti –a list which can easily be
extended (A . Hudson 1994)
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3. Fishman(1980)
Diglossia is enduring societal arrangement , and
extending at least beyond
A three generation period such as two language each
have their secure phenomenologically legitimate and
widely implemented functions .
E.g. in Fishman‘s usage even multilingual
countries such as Nigeria where English
language is nation wide prestige language which
is learnt in school and local language such as
Hausa Yoruba are spoken natively as described
as being diglossic .
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4. Diglossia is a kind of situation where two
variation of language Happens in same
time
Its not a dialect. If a language is dialect
that
language will not be called diglossia .
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5. Variation of Diglossia
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6. FUNCTION OF DIGLOSSIA
Standard (High) Non-Standard (Low)
Sermon Instruction of servants
Speech of Parliament Conversation with friends
University Lecture Conversation in tea-stall
Newspapers Editorial Conversation With Children
Serious work in literature
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7. Formal & Informal English
 Formal English is used in ―serious‖ texts
and situations — for example, in official
documents, books, news reports, articles,
business letters or official speeches.
 Informal English is used in everyday
conversations and in personal letters.
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8. Methodology
1. Face to face discussion .
2.Collect Our data to speaking with them .
3.Analysis data from conversation .
4. Discussion with Salesman .
5.Discussion with student .

9. Prestige
Prestige Speakers consider High as the
more powerful to Low in a number of
respects.
E.g. High variety is more beautiful, logical
and expressive than the Low variety.
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10. Acquisition
Low is usually used by adults while speaking
to children and children use it among each
other.
The High variety is ‗taught‘, whereas the L
variety is ‗learned‘.
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11. Standardization
There are usually no comparable grammars,
dictionaries and standardized texts for the
Low variety, and any view of that variety is
likely to be highly pejorative in nature.
There is an established norm for
pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary
which allows variation only within certain
limits.
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12. Grammar
The grammar of the Low variety is generally
simpler. For instance, fewer distinctions in
the L variety are marked by the use of
grammatical suffixed. There are also major
differences in the vocabulary of the two
varieties.
E.g. Standard German has four cases in the
noun; Swiss German has only three cases in
the noun.
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13. Lexicon
Generally, most of the vocabulary between
the High and Low varieties is shared, with
some variations in form and with several
differences in use and meaning .
For the most part, the High variety will
contain technical terms and more ‗learned‘
expressions.
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14. Phonology
The sound systems of High and Low
constitute a single phonological structure of
which the Low variety phonology is the basic
system and the divergent features of the
High phonology are either a subsystem or a
Para system.
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15. Conversational History In National Memorial
Nayan : oh ok .that‘s great. What is your profession ? (High Variety )
Sojol : I am student in Dhamrai college and he is also same .(High Variety )
Nayan :That‘s well . now tell us something about national memorial. (High Variety )
Milon: This is nice place it‘s made for martyrs in the time of 1971 for several freedom
fighters died . That time after one year later for memorized these martyrs we made this .
(High Variety )
Masaduzzaman: That‘s great this is most important place ,we should memorized it for
whole life. (High Variety )
Milon : Other things of this place , environment also awesome . (Low variety )
Nayan : Ok thanks guys , nice to meet with both of you . (Low Variety)

16. Conversational History in Haier & Hayes
Ashiqur Rahman Emran :Can you tell me please, Which type of showroom is this ?
(High Variety)
Salesman: Oh sure ,This is main branch of Haier . (High Variety)
Ashiqur Rahman Emran : Can we know about your company ? (High Variety )
Salesmen: Yes, How can we help you ? (High Variety )
Ashiqur Rahman Emran : We want to know about your company and products . (High
Variety )
Salesmen: yeah , obviously which product ? (Low variety)
Ashiqur Rahman Emran: Can You show us AC ?(Low Variety)
Salesman: yeah ,Different types of AC , come with us we are showing you some AC.
(Low variety)
Ashiqur Rahman Emran: Oh , ok .(Low variety)

17. Conclusion
Diglossia is one for the important thing to us . In
diglossia, no-one speaks the High variety as a
mother tongue, only the Low variety. In the
Standard-with-dialects situation, some speakers
speak High variety as a mother tongue, while
others speak Low varieties as a mother tongue
and acquire High as a second system.
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