Social factors governing language variationZaraAnsari6
It is a presentation, presenting some social factors that govern language. All the factors are really well elaborated separately with no ambiguity. This presentation will be very beneficial for students to learn about social factors governing language variation.
Social factors governing language variationZaraAnsari6
It is a presentation, presenting some social factors that govern language. All the factors are really well elaborated separately with no ambiguity. This presentation will be very beneficial for students to learn about social factors governing language variation.
Similar to 22202249013_Bilingualism_Andi Alyfia Petalolo 1.pdf (20)
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. Multilingualism
Multilingualism is the ability of an individual speaker or a community of speakers to communicate effectively in
three or more languages.
Contrast with monolingualism, the ability to use only one language. A person who can speak multiple languages
is known as a polyglot or a multilingual.
Example:
an English-speaking father married to a Mandarin Chinese speaking mother with the family living in Hong Kong,
where the community language (and primary language of education) is Cantonese. If the child goes to a
Cantonese medium school from a young age, then trilingualism will be the result.
3. Bilingualism
Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively.
For example : Doni can speak English and Spanish
4. Diaglossia
In sociolinguistics, diglossia is a situation in which two distinct varieties of a language are spoken within the same speech community.
1. High Variety. Its learned at school. It’s speakers learn how to write and learn grammar rules. The high variety is ofen
considered the ‘correct’ variety and is prevented from changing a lot.
2. Low Variety. Not formally learned. It’s Speaker don’t formally learn grammar or writing its learned as a spoken language. The
low variety is more flexible and is more likely to change over time, because its not restricted by the rules of the high variety.
5. Example :
The most commonly discussed example is probably the Arabic language. In every Arabic country, there are different
dialects that differ in grammar, vocabulary and pronounciation from other dialects but also from Standard Arabic.
Standard Arabic is a very codified language, which is basically fixed in its rules and doesn't really change while the
dialects are constantly evolving. In casual speech with other locals, Arabs exclusively use their local dialect. But in
writing, in formal speeches, and the news broadcasts, Standard Arabic is used. And Standard Arabic is also used as a
"bridge language" when communicating with speakers from other dialects. But really only when necessary, only
when there is some problem communicating.
