The document discusses the basic components and functions of computers. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts input data, processes it based on stored instructions, and generates output. The main components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory to store instructions and temporary data, storage devices to permanently store data, and input/output devices. It then describes the basic steps in the data processing cycle as input, processing, output, and storage. Real-world examples of smart home applications and common computer uses for personal, business, and education are provided. The four main parts of a computer system - hardware, software, data, and users - are defined at a high level.

1. Computer Components
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Associate Professor / SCOPE

2. Computers - Definition
• Computer is an electronic device
• Accepts input data, processes data based on set of instructions in
the memory and Generates the output.
• Stores the output in the storage
• Set of instructions controls the computers and transform the data
into meaningful information.
• Information Processing Cycle:
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3. Real time example
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4. Data Processing Cycle
• Input is the data feed into the CPU using input devices
such as keyboard, mouse, web cam, mic, scanners,
sensors, etc.
• E.g. Text, pictures, audio, temperature, pressure, humidity,
speed, etc.,
• Processing is the manipulation of input data.
• Input data contains raw information denotes the objects,
and related information about people, places, events, etc.
• Software is a program that contains a sequence of
instructions.
• Instructions instructs the computer how to carry out a
processing task.
• E.g. Arithmetic operations, Searching a data, Sorting a list.
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5. Data Processing Cycle
• Output is the result generated by processing the input
data.
• Generated output is displaying on screen, printing on paper, or
transmitting to another device (audio, robot arm).
• Memory - The data is stored temporarily that is being
processed or waiting to be processed or output.
• E.g. RAM
• Storage - The data is stored permanently even that is not
needed for processing.
• E.g. magnetic disks, CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read-Only
Memory), magnetic tapes, Flash disk, Memory card, Floppy
disk, etc.,
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6. Real time example – Smart home
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7. Applications
• Personal applications: Regular activities done easily
• Shopping online, Playing games, Work from home,
Entertainment, Communication (e-mails , chats) etc.
• Business: Store and large amounts of information.
• Databases, online purchase and tracking resources quicker and
easier, online meetings from different locations, fast decision
making
• Education: online research materials, online discussion
about ongoing research, Fast analysing research data.
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8. Parts of Computer
Computer systems have four parts
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• User
Hardware
• Physical components of a computer
• E.g. Mouse, keyboard, RAM, Monitor, Speaker, Hard Disk Drive, etc.
Software
• set of programs that enables the hardware to perform a specific task.
Three types of software:
• System software – Enables the hardware to perform a task E.g. Operating system,
firmware.
• Application software – Perform task for another applcation E.g. MS Word, database, web
browser, etc
• Programming software – To write a code, test and debug E.g. Compilers, assemblers
Data - set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables denotes one or more objects
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9. Hardware
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