The document provides an overview of central processing units (CPUs), detailing their functions, types, and historical developments. It describes the primary function of CPUs in processing data and executing instructions, and categorizes CPUs into various types including single-core, dual-core, quad-core, hexa-core, octa-core, and deca-core, each with distinct operational capabilities. Additionally, it highlights key functions of the CPU, such as arithmetic processing, logical processing, and input/output management.

1. INTRODUCTION TO CPU TYPES
THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) IS THE MAIN AND
CENTRAL PROCESSOR IN THE SYSTEM’S ELECTRONIC
CIRCUITRY. IT PROCESSES DATA AND INSTRUCTIONS AND
IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PERFORMING ARITHMETIC AND
LOGIC OPERATIONS. CPU EXECUTES COMMANDS
ACCORDING TO THE COMPUTER PROGRAM. IT PERFORMS
FUNDAMENTAL ARITHMETIC LOGIC, INPUT AND OUTPUT
OPERATIONS, AND CONTROL CIRCUITS THAT FOLLOW
THE PROGRAM FED INTO THE COMPUTER.

2. History of Central Processing Unit
CPU started:
In the 40s, mathematicians
John Von Neumann J. Presper
Eckert and John Mauchly came
up with the concept of the
stored instruction digital
computer
On 1970’s a component
of mainframe computer
known as CPU is a steel
cabinet bigger than a
refrigerator full of circuit
boards crowded with
Transistors

5. Key Highlights
-The Central Processing Unit (CPU) provides processing power and
instructions to the computer.
-The CPU consists of two main parts ALU and CU, which performs the
operations and consist of the control signals.
-The primary function of the CPU is to fetch, process, decode, execute, and
store the input data.

6. Types of CPU
The CPU is a vital element that manages all the calculations and
commands transferred to other components of the computer and its
peripherals. The rapid speed of the CPU obeys to command of the
input program. When linked to the CPU, the components become
powerful and dependent. So it is necessary to choose the right one and
program it accordingly. The leading manufacturers of CPUs are AMD
and Intel. In the past, people used to employ processors to find the
right and robust processor.

7. The Intel 486 was faster than the 386. After
introducing the Pentium processor, Intel named
all its processors Duron, Celeron, Pentium, and
Athlon. Manufacturers build various types of
processors with different architectures, such as
64-bit and 32-bit, providing maximum speed
and flexible capacity. The major CPU types,
including single-core, dual-core, Quad-core,
Hexa-core, Octa-core, and Deca-core

8. 1. Single-core CPU:
The single-core CPU, the oldest type
used in personal and official
computers, executes one command
at a time, making it inefficient for
multitasking. Its performance is
determined by its clock speed,
which measures its power.
Processor of Single-core CPU:
A single-core processor is
a microprocessor with a
single core, performing
fetch-decode-exec cycle
once per clock-cycle,
making it generally slower
than a multi-core system.

9. 2. Dual-core CPU:
A dual-core CPU is a single
CPU that functions like a dual-
core, switching between data
streams and multitasking
when more threads are
present. It is faster than a
single-core but less robust
than a quad-core CPU.
Processor of Dual core
CPU:
Dual core CPUs have two
processors working
simultaneously, allowing
for efficient operation
and faster operations
due to their caches,
enabling most tasks to
be handled in parallel.

10. 3. Quad-core CPU
Quad-core CPUs feature four cores
on a single processor, allowing
effective multitasking. They divide
workloads, making them suitable
for gamers who need to execute
multiple programs simultaneously.
Supreme Commander is optimized
for multiple-core CPUs.
Processor of quad core:
A quad-core processor is a
chip with four cores that
execute the central
processing unit branch,
working together with other
circuits like cache, memory
management, and

11. 4. Hexa core processors:
Hexacore processors, with
six cores, work faster than
quad-core and dual-core
processors. Intel launched
Inter core i7 in 2010, but
smartphones now use
quad-core and dual-core
processors.

12. 5. Octa-core processors:
Trending octa-core processors
consist of dual sets of O quad-
core processors, with dual-core
having two cores and quad-core
having four. Hexa processors
have six cores, while octa
processors have eight
independent cores for efficient
tasks. Manufacturers use
minimum-powered core sets for
advanced tasks.

13. 6. Deca-core processor:
Deca-core processors are more
efficient than other processors,
faster and successful in
multitasking. Manufacturers
continuously update these
processors in smartphones and
PCs to provide more valuable
features and capabilities.

14. Central Processing
unit:
1. Arithmetic Processing:
Involves executing
arithmetic operations like
addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and
division.
2. Logical Processing:
Executes logical
operations such as AND,
OR, and NOT, which are
essential for decision-
making and comparison
tasks.
3. Control Processing:
Manages the flow of
instructions and data
within the CPU and
between other
components of the
computer system.
4. Input/output
Processing: Handles
communication with
peripheral devices such as
keyboards, mice,
monitors, and storage
devices.
5. Fetch-Decode-Execute
Cycle: This is the
fundamental process where
the CPU fetches
instructions from memory,
decodes them, executes
them, and then moves on
to the next instruction

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