presentation contain basic knolewdge about the leukocytes development and function

1. Developed by
Dr.Abdulrazzaq Othman Alagbare
M.D Clinical pathologist-Lecturer of hematology
Hematology 2-1
WBC- Benign Disorders
For
Clinical Laboratory Students

3. Leukopoiesis and Leukopoietic Function
Lesson 1

4. Introduction:
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White blood cells
White blood cells are a group of cells circulating in the peripheral blood
may be divided into two broad groups:
1-the phagocytes  Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil and Monocyte
2- the immunocyteslymphocytes, their precursor cells and plasma cells

5. Introduction:
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White blood cells
 Only mature phagocytic cells and lymphocytes are found in normal peripheral
blood
 Their main function to protect the body and fight infections is closely connected
with two soluble protein systems of the body: immunoglobulins and complements
 From whom? Viruses, Bacteria, Fungus, and others
 TheWBC activity site mainly in the inflamed tissues

6. White Blood Cells - production
 Pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells
 CFU-S
▪ CFU-E
▪ Eryhtrocytes
▪ CFU-GM
▪ Granulocytes
▪ Monocytes
▪ CFU-M
▪ Megakaryocytes (Platelets)
 LSC
▪ T Lymphocytes
▪ B Lymphocytes

7. Leukopoiesis and Leukopoietic Function
Leukopoiesis means the states of
 the production
 development
 differentiation of all white blood cells
Stages of Leukocyte Maturation
Granullar cells
 Myeloblast->Promyelocyte (Progranulocyte) ->Myelocyte-
>Metamyelocyte->Band-> ->Segmented Neutrophil (Eosinophils
and Basophils)
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8. 6/24/2023 White blood cells 8
megakaryocyte
monocyte

9. Cluster of differentiation
The cluster of differentiation (cluster
of designation or Classification
Determinant) (often abbreviated as
CD)
o is a protocol used for the
identification and investigation of
cell surface molecules providing
targets for immunophenotyping of
cells.
2/1/2015 Flowcytometry or immunophenotypic 9

10. Type of cell CD markers
stem cells CD34+, CD31-,CD117
all leukocyte groups CD45+
Granulocyte CD45+, CD11b, CD15+, CD24+, CD114+, CD182+
Monocyte CD45+, CD14+, CD114+, CD11a,CD11b, CD91+,CD16+
T lymphocyte CD45+, CD3+
T helper cell CD45+, CD3+, CD4+
T regulatory cell CD4, CD25,
CytotoxicT cell CD45+, CD3+, CD8+
B lymphocyte CD45+, CD19+ or CD45+, CD20+, CD24+, CD38,CD22
Thrombocyte CD45+, CD61+
Natural killer cell NK cells CD16+, CD56+, CD3-, CD31, CD30,CD38
2/1/2015 Flowcytometry or immunophenotypic 10

11. White Blood Cells types
They are 2 types
 Myelocytic Lineage
 Production of Granulocyte and Monocytes
 Begins with myeloblast
 Formed in bone marrow
 Lymphocytic lineage
 Production of T and B lymphocytes
 Begins with lymphoblast
 Produced mainly in various lymphogenous tissues

12. Lymphogenous tissues
 Lymphogenous tissues
 Lymph glands
 Spleen
 Thymus
 Tonsils
 Pockets of lymphoid tissue elsewhere in body
▪ Bone marrow
▪ Peyer's patches
▪ Lymphogneous tissue underneath gut wall epithelium

13. White Blood Cells storage
 WBC formed in bone marrow are stored until needed in
the circulation
 Normally, about three times WBC are stored in the marrow
▪ a 6-day supply
 Lymphocytes are mostly stored in the various lymphoid
tissues

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Diapedesis
Definition: Process by
which Neutrophils and
Monocytes come out of
blood vessel wall
===========
Pores of vessel wall
are smaller than cells
Small portion of the
cell squeezes through
the pores

15. WBC - Life Span
Granulocytes -Life Span
After being released from bone
marrow
1. In blood 4 to 8 hours
2. In tissues 4 to 5 days
where needed
During serious tissue infection,
total life span shortened
Monocytes- Life Span
1. In blood 10 to 72 hours
2. In tissues, they become
tissue Macrophages , can
live for 15-20 DAY
Tissue macrophages provide
continuing defense

16.  Lymphocytes- Life Span
▪ Continual circulation of lymphocytes
▪ Lymphocytes enter circulation with lymph from the lymph nodes and other
lymphoid tissue
▪ After a few hours, they go out of blood and back into the tissues by diapedesis
▪ Again re-enter lymph and return to blood
▪ Life spans (weeks or months) depends on the body's need for these cells

17. Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Monocyte Lymphocyte

18. Normal differential Count
 Differential Count or Relative count %
 Neutrophils 62.0% (50-70%)
 Band for < 5%
 PMN < 5%
 Eosinophils 2.3% (1-4%)
 Basophils 0.4% (0-0.4%)
 Monocytes 5.3% (2-8%)
 Lymphocytes 30.0% (20-40%)
Group of Neutrophils

19. END OFTH
LESSON
THANK
YOU
ANY ?
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The peripheral blood cells