presentation contain basic information about the granular anon granular cells and their function

1. 1-Granular cells
2-Non Granular cells
Lesson 2
Developed By -Dr.Abdulrazzaq Othman Alagbare -M.Bhc.MSc.Lecturer of hematology

2. Introduction:
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White blood cells
Cells distribution
1-In bone marrow:
RBC:WBC=1:50
2-In Circulation:
RBC:WBC=500:1
White blood cells are a group of cells circulating in the peripheral blood
Their main function to protect the body and fight infections

3. 3
 Granulocytes are divided into three subsets:
 Neutrophils
 Basophils
 Eosinophils
The Granular cells
Types of neutrophils in the peripheral blood
Normal neutrophils with 3-4 lobes
Band form with tow lobes
Polysegment neutrophil or (PMNs) over 5 lobes

4. Neutrophils properties
 Nucleus Polysegmented nucleus (lobes)
 Normal neutrophil nucleus 3-4 lobes
 Band form 2 lobes
 PMNs >5 lobes
 Enzymes Myeloperoxidase reacting enzyme, andAlkaline phosphates
collagenase, lactoferrin, lysozyme etc.
 Cytoplasm Contain granules
 Percentage 40-65 %
 Function Kill bacteria (phagocytosis and lyse bacteria)
 Motion Active motile with amoeboid motion
 Neutrophils after death Called pus cells
 Absolute count in the peripheral
blood
2000-8000

5. Neutrophils properties
 Site of activity  :Predominantly outside the vascular system, in “inflamed” tissue,
 Transporting: The blood merely transports the granulocytes to their site of action.
 Storage; in the
• Mainly inside wall of vessels (veins)
• spleen
• and Bone marrow
 Life span • 5-10 hrs. in the circulation
• 5 days in the tissue

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White blood cells
Neutrophils distribution
50% in the circulation, 50% in the storage  mariginal pool
Circulating Pool
There is a continuous interchange, however, between the marginating
and the circulating pools.
Marginating occurs to allow neutrophils to move from the circulating blood to
the tissues through a process known as diapedesis
The neutrophils distributed in
1-mariginal pool
2- Circulating Pool
3-Tissues
4-bone marrow

7. Stages of granular white cell phagocytosis
D-Killing: the foreign body killed by the neutrophilc lytic
elements.
A-CHEMOTAXIS: (cell mobilization and migration )process in which
chemical signals sent by foreign body, More neutrophils mobilize
and rush to site of infection.
B-OPSONIZATON: neutrophils attach the foreign body interaction
with the complement system (C3b), and other
immunoglobulins(IgG,)
C-INGESTION: The foreign body is engulfed by the
neutrophilic pseudopod membranes

8. Band form
Normal neutrophil
Normal neutrophil
Normal Monocytes

9. Others Granular in the peripheral blood
Eosinophil 2 lobes
Basophils 2 lobes invisible
Eosinophil the eosinophil
recognize with the presence of
bright orange, large, refractile
granules
Basophils

10. Nucleus: 2 lobes
Cytoplasm: granular
Granules content: histamine, serotonin, and heparin etc.
Granules: big and yellow color
Relative absolute count: less than 2-6%
Absolute count: 120-600
Function is defense Against parasites; and allergic cases.
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2-Eosinophilic granulocytes

11. Nucleus: 2 lobes
Cytoplasm: granular
Granules content: histamine, serotonin, and heparin
Granules: big and deep brown color obscure the nucleus
Relative absolute count: less than 1%
Absolute count: 40-100
Mast cells: the basophils in the tissue called mast cell
Function :increase vascular permeability
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3-Basophilic granulocytes
Mast cells

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3-Basophilic granulocytes
Mast cells
Mast cells:
 The basophils in the tissue called mast cell,
more specific cells and long lived 9-18
month
 They are widely distributed throughout the
body and are larger than basophils, with a
small round nucleus and more granules

13. Monocytes.or macrophage
 one cell in the peripheral blood,
Immature cells
Cannot fight infectious agents
 It is the biggest cell in the peripheral blood,
 It’s nuclei is irregularly lobated,
 cytoplasm : abundant with fine granulation NONVISIBLE contains
peroxidase, acid phosphatase, and arylsulfatase; this indicates that these
granules are similar to the lysosomes of neutrophils
 Consist 3-8% of allWBC
 After they stay 2-3 days in the peripheral blood they migrate into the tissues to
form Macrophage.
 Live 11-12 days
 CD markers: CD markers: CD33, CD13, CD14
4-Monocytes

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The peripheral blood cells
Monocyte out of the circulation converted to
1-Histiocytes Tissue Macrophages in the Skin
and SubcutaneousTissues
2-and macrophages
Where?
in the endothelium of the body cavities; and
take new name in that tissue viz
 Macrophages in the Lymph Nodes
 Alveolar Macrophages in the Lungs
 Kupffer Cells  Macrophages in the Liver
Sinusoids
 Macrophages of the Spleen and Bone
Marrow
 Microglia in brain

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The peripheral blood cells
Function of Monocyte :
1-Defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign bodies
2-Antigen presenting cell to the lymphocytes and other cells
3-Remove the dead cells from tissue and circulation
4-Phagocytosis by Macrophages
 Much more powerful phagocytes than neutrophils
 Can phagocytoze more bacteria
 Engulf much larger particles (ex.leishmania and toxoplasma) even whole RBCs,
malarial parasites
Site: tissues outside the vessels
Mode of activity: by phagocytosis

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17. macrophage (pink) attacking--Escherichia coli (green).

18. Lymphocytes
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1. Types: two major groups T and B
lymphocytes
2. They are the second numerous cells
in the peripheral blood
3. They called non granular
4. They has one rounded nucleus
5. Few rim of cytoplasma
6. General function: responsible for
the immunity in the body
7. Relative absolute count: 25-40% of
all WBC
8. Absolute count: 1000-4000

19. Lymphocyte properties
 Nucleus Polysegmented nucleus (lobes)
 Absolute count in the peripheral
blood
2000-8000

20. First group:
Name: Thymus-dependentT-lymphocytes
Percentage of all lymphocyte: 60-80%
Site of production: Bone marrow
Site of developing: thymus
Function:The main immune cell responsible for cellular immunity
Life span: many years
Circulation: the recirculates in each part of the body
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Lymphocytes Types: two major groupsT and B lymphocytes

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Diagrammatic cross section of a portion of the thymus,
showing several lobules separated by connective tissue strands
(trabeculae).

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local defense against antigens from organic and
inorganic foreign bodies in the form of delayed-
type hypersensitivity, as classically exemplified by
the tuberculin reaction
Function of T-Lymphocyte
Types of T-Lymphocytes
Divided into
1. Helper cells
2. Suppressor cells.
3. Natural killer -NK cells,

23. Second group
 Name: Bone marrow-dependent B-lymphocytes
 Percentage of all lymphocyte: 20%
 Site of production: Bone marrow
 Site of developing: the secondary lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes,
etc)
 Function: humoral immunity (against viruses, bacteria, and allergens)
 Transformation: secreting plasma cells, to produce antibodies
 Life span: many years
 Circulation: the recirculates in each part of the body
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Lymphatic vessels. Small lymphatic capillaries
opening
into the tissue spaces pick up interstitial
tissue fluid and carry it
into progressively larger lymphatic vessels,
which carry the fluid, now
called lymph, into regional lymph nodes. As
lymph leaves the nodes,
it is carried through larger efferent lymphatic
vessels, which eventually
drain into the circulatory system at the
thoracic duct or right
lymph duct

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Lymphocytes are
1. Continuous Regeneration
2. Continuous Movement
3. Tissue location

26.  First Line of Defense Against Infection
 Tissue Macrophage
 Second Line of Defense
 Neutrophil Invasion of the Inflamed Area
 Third Line of Defense
 Second Macrophage Invasion of InflamedTissue
 Fourth Line of Defense
 Increased Production of Granulocytes and Monocytes by the Bone
Marrow

27. END OFTH
LESSON
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The peripheral blood cells