Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and their Importance.pptx
220705180035-Hematopoesis.pptx
1. HEMATOPOIESIS
NAME – KAMALAKANTA SWAIN
REGD.NO. - 220705180035
SUBJECT – IMMUNOLOGY AND CANCER BIOLOGY
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIKASH RANJAN SAHU
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ( SoAS )
3. INTRODUCTION
Hemo Referring to blood cells
Poiesis "The development or production of"
The word Hemopoiesis refers to the production
& development of all the blood cells:
• Erythrocytes: Erythropoiesis
• Leucopoiesis Leucocytes
• Thrombocytes: Thrombopoiesis.
6. PRIMITIVE HEMATOPOIESIS
• Derived from the extra embryonic YOLK SAC;
• Consists mainly of nucleated erythroid cells that
carry oxygen to the developing embryonic tissues
an early circulatory system.
• Probably starts 2 weeks of intrauterine life
7. DEFINITE HEMATOPOIETIC
SYSTEM
As the embryo's size increases, primitive system
superceded by definitive hematopoietic system,
which originates in the embryo itself and continues
throughout adult life.
1st definitive multipotent hematopoietic stem cells
are generated within the embryonic AGM region of
the para-aortic
splanchnopleuric mesoderm (day 30
37 in human)
8. STEM CELLS
These cells have extensive proliferative capacity
and also the:
• Ability to give rise to new stem cells (Self Renewal)
• Ability to differentiate into any blood cells lines
(Pluripotency)
They grow and develop in the bone marrow. The
bone marrow & spleen form a supporting system,
called the
"hemopoietic microenvironment"
9.
10. HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS
(HSCs)
• Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCS) reside in the
medulla of the bone (bone marrow) and have the
unique ability to give rise to all of the different
mature blood cell types and tissues.
• HSCs are self-renewing cells: when they proliferate,
at least some of their daughter cells remain as HSCs,
so the pool of stem cells does not become depleted.
• The other daughters of HSCS (myeloid and lymphoid
progenitor cells), however can commit to any of the
alternative differentiation pathways that lead to the
production of one or more specific types of blood
cells, but cannot self-renew. This is one of the vital
processes in the body.
11.
12. MYELOID STEM CELL
• Multipotent stem cells
• Divided into 2 types of committed stem cells:
A) ERYTHROID MEGAKARYOID BASOPHILIC STEM
CELL: Has a potential to go into morphologically
recognizable precursors of 3 types:
1. ERYTHROID SYSTEM:Gets converted into erythroblast
and passes to different stages to form reticuloblast
which later on produces Mature RBC
2. MEGAKARYOID SYSTEM: Gets converted into
megakaryoblast which passes on different stages and
enter into blood circulation as PLATELETS
3. BASOPHILS SYSTEM: Gets converted into basoblast
which passes on different stages and enter peripheral
circulation as basophils.
13. B) GRANULOCYTE MONOCYTE STEM CELLS
• It is divided into 2 types of morphologically
precursor cells:
I. GRANULOCYTE: after series of divisions myloblast
is formed and enters into peripheral circulation as
Neutrophils : blue colour. Neutrophils has granules
of red and
II MONOCYTE: convert into Monoblast after series
of divisions and enters into peripheral circulation as
Monocytes - Monocytes also have granules but
these are agranulocytes. Monocytes when shifted
to tissue where inflammation occurs are called as
inflammatory macrophages.
14. LYMPHOID STEM CELLS
*The key cells in bone marrow are the hematopoieticstem cells,
which give rise to the lymphoid stem cells and the myeloid stem
cells. Lymphoid stem cells give rise to the lymphocytes, which
specifically identify foreign molecules and cells.
These cells are divided into three types of committed lymphoid
stem cells:
A. PRO-NK CELLS: which multiply and differentiate, blood
circulation called as Natural killer Cells
when enter into
B. PRO-T CELLS: which multiply and differentiate and pre mature
cells which are derivatives of pro-T cells enter into peripheral
circulation and through circulation enters into thymus gland
where maturity takes place and after maturation come back to
peripheral circulation as T Lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes are
called as CD-3 positive cells. T Lymphocytes are divided into 2
types: cells which are CD-3 and CD-4 positive are called as T-
HELPER CELLS and are again divided into 2 types T-H1 and T-H2.
C. PRO-B CELLS: B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type
of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They function in
the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune
system by secreting antibodies.
15. CONCLUSION
The immune system responds to foreign pathogens
and cancer cells by activating specific and
nonspecific immune responses. The goal of
immunotherapy is to enhance these responses to
control the growth of cancer cells. Knowledge of
the influence of stress on immune and cytokine
response is evolving.
16. REFERENCES
Villani AC, Sarkizova S, Hacohen N (April 2018).
"Systems Immunology: Learning the Rules of the
Immune System". Annual Review of Immunology.
"Specific Disease Types | Immune Deficiency
Foundation". primaryimmune.org. Retrieved 2018-
07-25.
Pierce CW, Solliday SM, Asofsky R (March 1972).
"Immune responses in vitro. IV. Suppression of
primary M, G, and A plaque-forming cell responses
in mouse spleen cell cultures by class-specific
antibody to mouse immunoglobulins". The Journal
of Experimental Medicine.
