this presentation descripe the maturation stages of the granular, monocyte and thrombocytes in the bone marow, and how regulated etc

1. Developed by Dr.
Abdulrazzak Othman Alagbare - Clinical Pathologist -Hematology
Lecturer _ MD
Granulopoiesis-Monocytopoiesis -
Megakaryopoiesis

2. LEUKOPOI
ESIS
 Leukopoiesis in general means the state
of the production, development,
differentiation of all white blood cells
types
 1-Granulopoiesis  production of white
blood cells which contain granules in
their cytoplasm
 2-Lymphopoiesis (Non Granular cells
production):  production of white blood

3. The stem
cells
Definition: They are cells which give new generation of
cells, and existing in the bone marrow exclusively and
they are:
1-Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) or hemohistoblast
2-Myeloid stem cell (MSC)
3-Lymphoid stem cell (LSC)
MSC and LSC also called
a) Progenitor cells,
b) Committed cells
c) or hematopoietic cells

4. LEUKOPOIESIS
COMMITTED CELLS
1-Myeloid stem cell (MSC) or colony forming unit CFU-GEMM
a) CFU-G: granular,
I. CFU-Neutrophil
II. CFU-Eosinophil
III. CFU-Basophil
b) CFU-E: erythrocyte
c) CFU-M: monocyte
d) CFU-M: megacaryocyte)
2-Lymphoid stem cell (CFU-LSC), which give the lymphocytes
I. T - lymphocytes
II. B - lymphocytes

5.  Definition: is the production of all
granular cells which existing in the
peripheral blood and contain granules in
their cytoplasm
 Source: from the myeloid stem cell
(MSC) in the Bone marrow
 Site of production: The main production
site of the granular cells is the bone
Granulopoiesis

6. Regulated mainly by the following growth factors: -
The gene responsible for encoding the granulocyte colony
stimulating factor CSF (G-CSF) is on the chromosome 17
1-Granulocyte CSF (G-CSF)
2-Granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF),
3-Group of interleukines or haemopoietin
Action of growth factors
1. Stimulate proliferation
2. Differentiation
3. Affect the function of the mature cells on which they act
Granulopoiesis-Regulation:

7. Interleukin 3 affect the following cells production
1. T-lymphocytes
2. Fibroblasts
3. Endothelial cells
4. Mast cells
5. Natural killer cells
Interleukin 1,3,5 affect the - Eosinophil progenitors
Interleukin 6, 11  for monocytes)
Regulation affect of interleukines or haemopoie

8. 1 2
3
4
5
6

9. GRANULOCYTOPOIESIS

11. The formation of the neutrophil . Eosinophils and
basophils formed in the marrow in a process similar to
that for neutrophils

12. THE MOST IMPORTANT
CHANGES
In the myelocyte stage become clear cut, when
the differentiation into one of the granular cell type
will become (Neutrophil, Eosinophil or Basophil)
The most important changes which taken place
during their maturation, are
1-Nucleus  Separated into lobes or segments
2-Cytoplasm  Granules appear in the cytoplasm.

13. Granulopoiesis
maturation steps are
1-Myeloblast:
It has a large nucleus
with fine chromatin,
2–5 nucleoli and scanty
pale blue cytoplasm
without granules )

14. 2-Promyelocyte
1. Slightly larger than a myeloblast and less clear
nucleoli.
2. Cytoplasm contains both azurophilic granules and
characteristic neutrophilic granules)

15. Myelocyte
1. Smaller than a
promyelocyte,
2. the nucleus is usually oval
and without nucleoli.
3. cytoplasm contains
azurophilic and neutrophilic
granules.
4. Separate myelocytes of the
neutrophil, eosinophil and

16. Metamyelocyte
The nucleus is indented
(U-shaped)
and the cytoplasm is
pale pink and contains
neutrophilic granules.)

17. Band Neutrophil
(stab form):
1. Similar to the
metamyelocyte
but with a curved
or coiled, often S
shape ,nucleus
(without clear

18. Neutrophil :
The nucleus has 3 (occasionally 4 or 5) clear lobes,
separated by chromatin threads.
The cytoplasm is pale staining and contains
neutrophilic i.e. mauve staining granules.

19. The Monocytic Series
Origin of development:
 The bone marrow, It is part of the myeloid sera
Development steps are the following
 1-MyeloMonocytoblast --Pro Monocyte Monocyte
 Control mechanism of of Monocyte production mainly by the
following growth factor:
 GM-CSF: For regulation and stimulation of granulocytes and
monocytes
 M-CSF : For regulation and stimulation exclusively of monocytes

20. TYPES OF GRANULAR CELLS IN THE
PERIPHERAL BLOOD
 Normal neutrophils with 3-4 lobes
 Band form with tow lobes
 Polysegment neutrophil or (PMNs) over 5 lobes
 Eosinophil 2 lobes
 Basophils 2 lobes invisible

21. Thrombocytes Production
Thrombocytes or platelets produced only from the bone
marrow as part of myeloid group
Regulation
Thrombocytes regulated by
1-thrombopoietin hormone (TPO).
2-The responsible gene existing on the chromosome 3
2-Interleukin 6 affect the proliferation and maturation of
megakaryoyte
Platelets existing in the peripheral blood as non-
Thrombocytes Production

22. The steps of platelets production
Megakaryocytoblast  Megakaryocyte Platelets
Megakarycytoblast:-
2- Promegakaryocyte
(Basophilic
megakaryocyte)
Megakaryocyte
Platelets production
a) Formed in the bone marrow
b) Megakaryocytes fragment in bone marrow
c) Smaller fragments are known as platelets (or thrombocytes)
I. Platelets then pass into the blood
II. Very important for blood clotting
Platelets (or
thrombocytes)

23. Changes
during
cells
maturatio
n

24. may be
disappear
(RBC)
may be lobulated
(Granualar cells)
may be fragillated
(Platelets)
may be become
unshaped
(Monocyte)

25. CHANGES OF THE PLASMA
1-may be
contain visible
granules
(Granular cells)
2-may be
contain no
visible
granules
(monocyte)
3-may be non
contain granules
(RBC)

26. END OF THE
LESSON
THANK U