Introduction Objectives Definition of Motivation Types of Motivation Theories of Motivation Application of Motivation in EducatioN Student Motivation Factors Influencing the Development of Student Motivation Exercise Self Assessment Questions References Web Reference-

1. Unit - 3
STUDENT MOTIVATION
Presented By:
DR. DANIYAL MUSHTAQ
merri786@hotmail.com

2. An Ideal Classroom
 In ideal classroom, students pay attention, ask questions and
want to learn. They do their assignments without complaint and
study without being coaxed and cajoled.
 But, teachers often have students who don’t seem motivated to
work on the classroom tasks set out for them.

3. Concept of motivation
 The word motivation derived from the Latin word "movere" which means
to move.
 The word motivation refers to getting someone moving.
 Motivation refers to a presumed internal state that causes an organism to
move toward some goal.
 This state may exist because of internal factors, such as insufficient food.
 It might also develop from external factors.
 Motive: A motive is something that moves an organism to act.

4. Desire
 Desire means having a wish to get something while
Motivation means which inspire us to achieve the goal which
can lead our life better.

5. Concept of Motivation
 Motivation is concerned with the factors that stimulate or inhibit the
desire to engage in behavior.
 Motivation makes us kick like an engine leading to action and
performance.
 It is defined as a pushing or moving power that makes an individual to
strive to achieve a set goal despite difficulties.
 Motivation provides the necessary force or impetus for learning or for
performing any work that is worthwhile.
 Motivation comes from the word motive. Motives are desires to attain
certain goals.

6. What is Motivation?
 Motivation is a psychological and human aspect. It is the act of inspiring students
to devote maximum effort to achieve their goals.
 It points out students in the right direction and attempts to keep them going in that
direction.
 It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate
behavior.
 Motivation is used in Psychology as education to boost and direct student
behavior.
 Motivation is your inner drive.

7. Motivation
 Anything that initiates activity.
 The desire to learn.
 Motivation is an internal or external desire to achieve a goal in life.
 Motivation is a process that controls and maintains certain behaviors.
 An Internal state that arouses, sustains, and activate behavior.
 Internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction;
 Desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior

8. Motivation
 Motivation is the driving force that makes people to run towards
their goals rather than trudge towards it.
 Motivation is a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it
towards a goal.
 Motivation is an internal process that makes a person move toward a
goal.
 Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and
maintains goal- oriented behaviors.
 Motivation is the force that energizes and directs a behavior towards
a goal.

11. Motivation Process
 Motivation involves the processes that energize, direct and sustain
behavior as shown in figure. It can be thought of as an internal
process that activates, guides and maintains behavior overtime.

12. Cont.
 ‘Activation’ starts you off, gets you going. ‘Guidance’
determines what you do, what choices you make and what
interests you pursue. While ‘maintenance’ ensures that this
activity continues over time.

13. Extrinsic Motivation
 Motivation is concerned with the factors that stimulate or
inhibit the desire to engage in behavior.
 Extrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by
external rewards such as appreciation, praise, Rewards, fame,
grades, compliance, and competition.

14. Extrinsic Motivation
 Extrinsic motivation is when you do something to get a
reward or avoid a punishment.
 This type of motivation arises from outside the individual, as
opposed to intrinsic motivation, which originates inside of the
individual.

15. Examples
 Examples of external factors in extrinsic motivation include:
(i) Incentives or reward
(ii) Praises
(iii) Competition
(iv) Counseling
(v) Punishment
(vi) Parental expectation
(vii) Availability of materials and interesting apparatus
(viii) Success challenge from friends
(ix) Previous performance

16. Factors that Enhance Intrinsic Motivation
 Some factors that enhance intrinsic motivation include the following :
(i) Curiosity
(ii) Goals set by individual
(iii) Interest
(iv) Mental stimulation
(v) Greatness mentality/desire to excel

17. Intrinsic Motivation
 Intrinsic Motivation comes from within the individual. When you
are intrinsically motivated, you do something for the personal
satisfaction. An example of intrinsic motivation is completing a
puzzle because you find it challenging.
 Intrinsic motivation is the ultimate goal in education at every
level.

18. Cont.
 In other words, the motivation to engage in a behavior arises from
within the individual because it is intrinsically rewarding.
 This contrasts with extrinsic motivation, which involves engaging
in a behavior in order to earn external rewards or avoid
punishments.
 e.g., Interest, curiosity, personal challenge and improvement

19. Motivation Cycle

20. Need
 A need is lack or deficit of some necessity. It’s a state of physical
deprivation that causes tension.

21. Tension
 The tension caused when the person is deprived of basic necessities
of life as food, water, and sleep, causes imbalance. For any goal
directed behavior, need is the first condition or stimulating factor.

22. Drive
 Need leads to drive, which is the second step towards achieving goal.
 Drive can be defined as the state of tension or arousal produced by need.
It is the state of heightened tension leading to restless activity and
preparatory behavior. For instance, when person is hungry and/or thirsty,
he seeks to reduce this drive by eating and/or drinking.

23. Incentive
 Environment that activates, directs, and maintains behavior is
called incentive. It can be anything as long as it has either positive
or negative value in motivating behavior.
 For example: behavior like eating food is an incentive that reduces
the drive of the person caused by the need to fulfill his hunger. The
reduction of behavior then cuts off and restores balance in an
organism.

24. Goal
 The reduction of tension in the body can be considered as the goal
of any motivated behavior. Let’s go back to the example of a
hungry man. A hungry man eats food, and his body restores to a
balanced condition. This then reduces the tension. This reduction of
tension as a result of an energized activity is called goal. Once the
goal has been completed, the organism is again ready for another
goal-motivated behavior.

25. Components of Motivation
 There are three main components of motivation and those are activation,
persistence, and intensity.
 Activation is the decision to start doing a certain behavior.
 Persistence, is continuing to put in the effort to achieve a goal even when
obstacles appear.
 Intensity is the concentration and energy that someone puts into
accomplishing his or her goal.

26. Usefulness of Motivation
 Its use helps pupils to pay attention in class.
 It can lead to self-discovery and independent inquiry.
 It stimulates pupils to higher achievement.
 It helps establish cordial relationship between teacher and pupils
especially when pupils find learning less boring and less confusing.
 More learning outcomes are assured.
 When pupils achieve through motivation, attendance at school becomes
regular

27. Effects of Motivation
 Motivation can have several impacting effects on how students learn and
how they behave towards subject matter.
 Provide direction towards goals
 Enhance cognitive processing abilities and performance
 Direct behavior toward particular goals
 Lead to increased effort and energy
 Increase initiation and persistence in activities

28. Symptoms of Lack of Motivation
 Losing interest quickly
 Not finishing things that you have started
 Procrastinating and putting off doing things
 Avoid doing things
 Being passive
 Thinking that you're weak
 Feeling trapped
 Feeling lonely, dull and gloomy
 Wanting to improve your life, but not doing anything about it
 Having no objectives or goals, or ambitions

29. Reasons for Lack of Motivation
 Depression
 Fear of failure
 Low self-esteem
 Lack of interest
 Procrastination habit
 Stress
 Academic Pressure
 Lack of Love
 Unhealthy Home Environment
 Lackadaisical (Lacking Spirit or Liveliness) Attitude of Teachers
 Lack of self confidence

30. Factors That Affect Student Motivation
 Student motivation can be affected by several factors. These
factors include:
 Parents involvement,
 Teacher enthusiasm,
 Rewards,
 Peers,
 Learning environment,
 Personal experiences,
 Personal interests of the student,

31. Factors That Affect Student Motivation
 self-esteem,
 self-image (how you perceive yourself/the mental picture).
 Home Situation
 Teacher Behavior
 Teacher-students relationships
 Teaching strategies
 Interactive activities
 Self-efficacy
 Showing respect for the student
 Assignments and Grading Strategies

32. Strategies to Improve Motivation
 Praise and Blame/Reproof
 Rewards and Punishment
 Knowledge of Results
 Success and failure
 Competition and Rivalry
 Learner’s own Deep seated motives
 Providing opportunities for self-expression
 Creating Problematic Situations
 Use of play way techniques

33. Strategies to Improve Motivation
 Use of AV aids
 Graded Lessons
 Provide meaningful choices
 Protect the student from embarrassment
 Build positive self confidence through evidence of success
 Match instructional activities to students learning needs
 Model learning with enthusiasm
 Use cooperative learning approach
 Provide celebrations for success

34. Standards for Maximizing Student Motivation
 The student must believe that learning is…
 Valuable
 Involving
 Successful
 Safe
 Caring