Explanation about Project based learning and the syntax of problem based learning

1. PROJECT BASED LEARNING
A. Definition of Project Based Learning
Project Based Learning is a teaching method in which students gain
knowledge and skills by working for an extended period of time to investigate and
respond to an engaging and complex question, problem, or challenge.
The definition through with the description presented by Bell (2005) is as
follows:
a. Project Based Learning is curriculum fueled and standards based.
b. Project Based Learning asks a question or poses a problem that each
student can answer.
c. Project Based Learning asks students to investigate issues and topics
addressing real-world problems while integrating subjects across the
curriculum.
d. Project Based Learning is a models that fosters abstract, intellectual
tasks to explore complex issues.
B. Implementation Of The Project-Based Learning
1. Planning includes project-based learning instructional design will be done in
the implementation of project-based learning.
According to Dick and Carey model of instructional design include:
a. Identify Instructional Goal
Goal statement describes a skill, knowledge or attitude(SKA) that a
learner will be expected to acquire
b. Conduct Instructional Analysis
Identify what a learner must recall and identify what learner must be
able to do to perform particular task
c. Analyze Learners and Contexts
Identify general characteristics of the target audience including prior
skills, prior experience, and basic demographics; identify characteristics
directly related to the skill to be taught; and perform analysis of the
performance and learning settings.
d. Write Performance Objectives
Objectives consists of a description of the behavior, the condition
and criteria. The component of an objective that describes the criteria
that will be used to judge the learner's performance.
e. Develop Assessment Instruments
Purpose of entry behavior testing, purpose of pretesting, purpose of
post testing, purpose of practice items/practice problems
f. Develop Instructional Strategy

2. Pre-instructional activities, content presentation, Learner
participation, assessment
g. Develop and Select Instructional Materials
h. Design and Conduct Formative Evaluation of Instruction
Designer try to identify areas of the instructional materials that are in
need of improvement.
i. Revise Instruction
To identify poor test items and to identify poor instruction
j. Design and Conduct Summative Evaluation
2. Implementation of Project-Based Learning
As for the implementation of project-based learning is done as follows
a. Setting up learning resources
b. Explaining the task to be done by learners
c. Determination of project
d. The design steps of project completion
e. Preparation of the project implementation schedule
f. Completion of the project to the facilitation and monitoring of
teachers
g. Preparation of reports and presentation / publication of the results of
the project
h. Evaluation of the process and results of project
3. Evaluation
Evaluation stage is an important stage in the project-based learning.
That teachers know how far the practice learning objectives can be achieved.
Tasks relating to the collection of data / materials, data analysis, data
presentation, and report project implementation. Assessment tasks can be
performed on the process during project implementation and results of the
project were carried out. Instruments used in the assessment may use a
check list or rating scale
C. CONCLUSION
Project-based learning focused on the concepts and principles of the core of
a discipline of study, involving learners in the investigation of problem solving and
activities of tasks means that other, allowing learners to work autonomously
construct their own knowledge, and peaked produce real products. Project-based
learning is a method of presenting the learning material given by the teacher to the
learner in the form of a set of tasks that must be done learners, either individually or
as a group in a certain time to produce a product. Use appropriate methods will
determine the effectiveness and efficiency of learning and allow students conduct
their own learning activities assigned.

3. Broadly speaking, learning steps that must be done is the Determination of
the project, determining the steps completion of the project, preparation of project
implementation schedule, completion of the project with the facilitation and
monitoring of teachers, preparation of reports and presentation / publication of the
results of the project and the evaluation process and results of the project.
D. Advantages and weakness of the project based learning
The advantage of Project-Based Learning is as follows:
a. Increase motivation.
Written reports on a project that many say that students like persevering
until the deadline too, strive to achieve the project. Teachers also reported the
development in attendance and reduced tardiness. Students reported that learning in
the project is more fun than any other component of the curriculum.
b. Improve problem-solving abilities.
Research on the development of high-level cognitive skills of the students
stressed the need for students to engage in problem-solving tasks and the need for
specialized learning on how to find and solve problems. Many sources are
describing the project-based learning environment to make students become more
active and managed to solve complex problems.
c. Improve collaboration.
The importance of group work in the project requires students to develop
and practice communication skills (Johnson & Johnson, 1989). Cooperative
working group, student evaluation, online information exchange is a collaborative
aspects of a project. Theories of new cognitive and constructivist asserts that
learning is a social phenomenon, and that students will learn more in a collaborative
environment (Vygotsky, 1978; Davidov, 1995).
d. Improving the skills to manage resources.
Part of being an independent student is responsible for completing a
complex task. Berbais Learning Project implemented properly give to the students
learning and practice in organizing the project, and make the allocation of time and
other resources such as equipment to complete the task.
e. Increased resource - management skills
Project-based learning that is implemented either give more to the students
learning and practice in organizing the project and make the allocation of time and
other resources are like equipment to complete the task.
The weakness of this study are:
a. Most of the problems of the "real world" that is integral with disciplinary
problems, it is advisable to teach through training and facilitate learners in dealing
with problems.
b. Requires a lot of time to be done to resolve the issue.

4. c. Entail considerable costs
d. A lot of equipment to be provided
To overcome the drawbacks of project-based learning a learner can be
overcome by facilitating learners in dealing with problems, limit the time learners in
completing the project, meminimaliskan and providing simple tools that are in the
environment around, choosing study sites that affordable does not require a lot of
cost and time