Student motivation can be considered at the individual level and group level. At the individual level, a teacher can initially motivate students by showing enthusiasm, using icebreakers, and helping students understand how to learn. To maintain motivation during the course, the teacher should personalize homework, show care for students, emphasize strengths, and incorporate student interests. At the group level, the teacher should help the class move through the typical stages of group development by facilitating introductions, encouraging cooperation, and providing feedback and closure. The relationship between the teacher and students and the teacher's personality are especially important for maintaining individual motivation.

1. Student Motivation By Nata sa Bozic Grojic

2. When we are talking about student motivation, we are really talking about two separate things Individual motivation Motiva tion of a group

3. When we are discussing individual motivation, we are talking about : Initial motivation ( the reason they started learning a language ) Their motivation during the course ( and how to keep them motivated ) Long-term motivation

4. According to the students, two things are very important : The relationship between the teacher and the students The teacher’s personality

5. Group motivation Here we are entering the field of group dynamics

6. Individual motivation

7. Initial motivation and baggage from the past Bad experience at the previous school The students are not interested in language learning Their idea that they have no talent for the language Wrong or outdated ideas about how the language should be learnt Wrong ideas about how well they speak the language (too modest or overconfident) Wrong ideas about how well other students in their class speak the language Wrong ideas about what the teacher should be like or how s/he should teach

8. What can the teacher do Show enthusiasm Use ice breakers Let them know you as a person Introduce the course Introduce the book Create the atmosphere in which they can ask questions Let them know that you expect feedback Teach them how to learn

9. Motivation during the course ( and how to keep it ) Personalised homework Show that you care Let them feel safe Emphasise what they are good at Challenge them Give them choice Open-ended activities Let them assess their own knowledge Explain the purpose of every activity Give clear instructions Quality homework Positive emotions Humo u r Interesting classes Visual input Bringing in their personal interests Feedback Realistic goals

10. Grup d ynamics Forming Storming Norming Performing Closing Stages in group development :

11. Forming: In this stage the teacher should Help everyone learn all the names Help the students to get to know each other Encourage the students to change places as mych as possible Use different learning formats Give tasks which encourage team work Agree with the group on norms and rules of behaviour

12. Storming The teacher should Keep the communication channel open Stay calm Listen in an active way, clarify and summarise what others are saying Explain to the group that this is a normal, healthy stage

13. Characteristics of a well-formed group Tolerance Cooperation Common norms

14. Closing The teacher should : Collect feedback Remind the students what they have learnt Help them make plans for the future

15. Jerem y Harmer: How to Teach English , Longman, 1998 Zoltan Dornyei and Tim Murphy: Group Dunamics in the L an guage Classroom , Cambridge University Press, 2003 Center for Excellence in Teaching: Motivating Your Students ( Module 2.4.), University of Southern California , http://www.usc.edu/programs/cet/ Parill Stribling, International Pacific College, New Zealand: Motivation in the ESL/EFL Classroom> Rhetoric and Reality 16th Educational Conference Melbourne 2003 Catherine R. Stamler (2007): Learner Motivation and Persistance , www.able.state.pa.us/fieldnotes07 Michael Rost: Generating Student Motivation , www. longman.com/worldview Priscila Theroux (2004): Intrinsic Motivation , www.enhancelearning.ca Dimitrios Thanasoulas: Motivation and Motivation in EFL , www.tefl.net www.geocities.com/glossologos/ Ronald W. Luce (1990): Motivating the Unmotivated , http://honolulu.hawaii.edu Robert Harris (1991): Some Ideas for Motivating Students , www.virtualsalt.com