2. • As living things are constantly being
investigated, new attributes are
revealed that affect how organisms are
placed in a standard classification
system.
2
3. What is taxonomy?
• Taxonomy is the branch
of biology concerned
with the grouping and
naming of organisms
• Biologists who study
this are called
taxonomists
4. How did it start?
• People wanted to
organize their world
so they began
grouping, or
classifying everything
they saw.
5. Examples:
•Things that break down dead
materials
•Things that reproduce sexually
•Things that are single-celled
•Things that have cell walls
•Things that eat other organisms
•Things that have a nucleus
•Things that are multicellular
TPS:
What categories of living things do you remember?
6. Why classify?
• To help us see
relationships, similarities
and differences
• To help us organize all the
organisms we discover . . .
7. • To give every species a name
based on a standard method
so scientists from different
countries can talk about the
same animal without
confusion
8. Who is Carolus Linnaeus?
• Carolus Linnaeus was a
Swedish botanist
• Developed a 7-level (taxa)
classification system based
on similarities between
organisms
9. The Seven Level
System
• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
• Dear
• King
• Phillip
• Called
• Oprah
• For
• Good
• Spices
10. Domains
• Domains are the broadest taxonomic
classification of living organisms
• The three Domains:
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
10
11. Domains are Divided into
Kingdoms
• Archaea----- Archaebacteria
• Bacteria ------ Eubacteria
• Eukarya ------- Protist
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
11
12. How does it work?
• There are 6 broad
kingdoms
• Every living thing that
we know of fits into one
of the six kingdoms
• Each level gets more
specific as fewer
organisms fit into any
one group
14. • The grouping of organisms into
KINGDOMS is based on 3 factors:
– 1. Cell Type (prokaryotic or eukaryotic)
– 2. Cell Number (unicellular or
multicellular)
– 3. Feeding Type (autotroph or
heterotroph)
14
15. 1. Cell Type- The presence or absence of
cellular structures such as the nucleus,
mitochondria, or a cell wall
Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
15
16. Prokaryotes – Bacteria!
• DO NOT HAVE:
– A nucleus
•Kingdom - Eubacteria
•Prokaryotic –
•Bacteria is unicellular
•Structured organelles – has
a cell wall
16
20. 2nd
criteria for Kingdom Divisions:
Cell Number
•Unicellular- single celled organism –
protozoans, bacteria, some algae
•Multicellular- many celled organism
– cells start to
specialize/differentiate
20
22. 3rd
Criteria for Kingdom Divisions
Feeding Type - How the organisms get their
food
–Autotroph or Producer
Make their own food
–Heterotroph or Consumer
Must eat other organisms to survive
Includes decomposers – those that eat
dead matter!
22
24. Domain - Archaea
• Kingdom- Archaebacteria
• Prokaryote
• Unicellular
• Autotrophs
• Has a cell wall and
produces asexually
• Ancient bacteria-
– Live in very harsh
environments
– extremophiles 24
25. Domain - Bacteria
• Kingdom – Eubacteria
• Prokaryotic
• Made up of one cell
• Bacteria can be an autotroph or
an heterotroph
• Bacteria has a cell wall and
produces asexually
• It is the eubacteria that most
people are talking about when
they say bacteria, because they
live in more neutral conditions. 25
27. Protists
• Protists include many widely
ranging microbes, including
slime molds, protozoa and
primitive algae.
• There are animal-like,
fungus-like, and plant-like
protists
• Some are beneficial
• Some protists can cause
diseases in humans
27
28. Domain- Eukarya
• Protista Kingdom
• Protists have a nucleus
• Most are unicellular
• Some protists have a cell wall and some
do not have a cell wall
• Protists produce sexually
28
30. Fungi Kingdom
• The Kingdom Fungi
includes some of the
most important
organisms.
• By breaking down
dead organic
material, they
continue the cycle of
nutrients through
ecosystems.
30
31. Fungi
• All fungi are
eukaryotic
• They may be
unicellular or
multicellular
• All fungi have a
cell wall
• Produces
sexually
Unicellular
(yeast)
Multicellular
31
32. Fungi
• Fungi can be very
helpful and
delicious
• Many antibacterial
drugs are derived
from fungi
• Fungi also causes a
number of plant
Penicillin
32
Ringworm
33. Fungi Nutrition
• All fungi are heterotrophs
- Saprophytes-get their
nutrients from dead organic
matter
- Parasites – absorb from a
host, eventually killing the
host
33
34. Plantae Kingdom
• All plants are
multicellular
• The are all
eukaryotes
with cell walls
• they are
autotrophs
• Plants
reproduce
sexually and
asexually
34
35. Animalia Kingdom
All animals are:
-Multicellular: they have a nucleus and
are lacking a cell wall -Heterotrophs
-Reproduce sexually
-Capable of movement at some point
in their lives.
35
36. CHECK YOUR WORK
MAKE CORRECTIONS/ADDITIONS AS NEEDED
At this point, your Characteristics of Kingdoms Comparison Matrix
is complete
36
