antiviral drug, ACYCLOVIR

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2. TOPIC; ACYCLOVIR
 PRESENTED BY;
 Muhammad Baqir Raza Naqvi
 Class no; 27 (M)- 3RD PROFF
 PRESENTED TO;
 MR. ZAHID RASUL NIAZI
Faculty of Pharmacy,
 Gomal university, Dera ismail khan.
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3. ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
 There are four main classes of antiviral drugs;
 1- DNA polymerase inhibitors;
 Acyclovir
 2- Reverse transcriptase inhibitors;
 Abacavir.
 3- Protease inhibitors;
 Ritonavir.
 4- Fusion inhibitors;
 Enfuvirtide. 3

4. ACYCLOVIR
 INTRODUCTION;
 Prototypic anti-herpetic therapeutic agent.
 Highly efficacious antiviral drug for herpes virus
infections.
 drug of choice for HSV encephalitis.
 Most commonly used in genital herpes infections.
 Used as post transplant immunosuppressive
treatments.
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5. CHEMISTRY;
 CATEGORY; anti-viral agent.
 CLASS; imidazolpyrimidines.
 Subclass; Guanine & its derivatives.

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6. PHARMACOKINETICS;
 ABSORPTION;
 Administered orally, intravenous or topically.
 Distributes well throughout the body including CSF.
 METABOLISM;
 Partially metabolized to an inactive product.
 BIOAVAILIBILITY;
 Valacyclivir has greater oral bio-availability than acyclovir.
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7. SOLUBILITY;
 Poorly water solubility and has poor oral
bioavailability i.e about 15-30%.
HALF LIFE;
 2.5 to 3.3 hours.
EXCRETION;
 Excretion occurs in urine by glomerular filtration and
tubular secretion.
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8. MECHANISM OF ACTION;
 Acyclovir is a pro drug, it needs phosphorylation for
its activation.
 Acyclovir is converted into acyclovir monophosphate
by viral thymadine kinase.
 Which is then coverted into acyclovir triphosphate by
host cell kinase, and comparatively inhibits HSV
specified DNA Polymerases.
 Thus in this way it prevent further viral DNA synthesis
without affecting other normal cellular functions.
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10. SPECTRUM;
Herpes
simplex
virus
(type-1)
Herpes
simplex
virus
(type-2)
Vericella
zoster
virus
(VZV)
Epstain
barr virus.
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11. INDICATIONS;
Genital herpes simplex (HSV-2)
• 15mg/kg/day…. For 7-days.
Muco-Cutaneous herpes simplex
(HSV-2)
• 10mg/kg (t.i.d)… for 10 days.
Herpes simplex encephalitis
(type-1)
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12. • 3DAYS eye ointment (5 times a day) OR orally.
Herpes simplex keratinitis. (HSV-1)
• 5-10mg/kg (t.i.d.) for 7-days.
Vericella zoster infection.
• 15mg/kg/day … for 7-days.
Chicken pox.
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13. ADVERSE EFFECTS;
 Although acyclovir is potent, but there are some dose related
slight adversities, as follows;
 TOPICAL ADMINSTRTION; local irritation, stinging, burning
sensation.
 I/V ADMINISTRATION; hypotension, sweating, rashes, vomiting,
dose dependent decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
 CNS; Fatigue, reversible neurological reactions, headache.
 GIT; nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain.
 LIVER; increase in hepatic enzymes.
 BLOOD; slight hyper-uricemia, thrombocytopenia.
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14. RESISTANCE;
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15. DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS;
Promelicin increases the half life
of acyclovir.
Cidofovir is not recommended with
acyclovir because it may damage
kidney.
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16. BRANDS IN PAKISTAN;
 ZOVIRAX (Glaxosmithklin)
 CLOVIR (Giltz pharma)
 SUPRAVIRAN (Searle Pakistan. ltd)
 acyclovir (Abott labs)
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17. REFRENCES;
 Lippincott’s Pharmacology (5th edition)
 www.Wikipedia.com
 Slideshare.com
 Basic concept of pharmacology. (Mr. Inayatulallah Bhatti)
 Dr. Zahid Rasul Niazi Lectures.
BUNDLE OF THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTIONS---  
 Compiled BY; Syed Baqir Naqvi.
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