2. Air Barrier Paper
It is a
polyolefin
sheet material
that keeps out
liquid water
and air.
The
“housewrap”
goes over the
sheathing and
prevents
infiltration.
3. Attic Ventilation
The purpose of attic
ventilation is to allow
water vapor to escape
and to keep the house
cooler in the summer
time by preventing the
buildup of solar heat.
Gable Vent Ridge Vent
Soffit Vent Roof Turbine
4. Backhoe
A backhoe is a piece of excavating
equipment consisting of a digging
bucket on the end of a two-part
articulated arm.
Backhoes are used for excavation
and the width of the bucket is 16”
5. Batter Boards
A temporary frame built just
outside the corner of an
excavation to carry marks
that lie on the surface
planes of the basement that
will be built in the
excavation.
7. Brick Bonds
Flemish Bond Running Bond
It is created by alternately It is created by butting bricks end
laying headers and stretchers in to end with joints that fall in the
a single course. The next middle of the brick on the next
course is laid so that a header row.
lies in the middle of the
stretcher in the course below.
9. Brick Sizes
Modular Brick Utility Brick
WxLxH WxLxH
3 5/8 x 7 5/8 x 2 ¼ 3 5/8 x 11 ½ x 3 5/8
10. Bulldozer
A bulldozer is a crawler
equipped with a
substantial metal plate
used to push large
quantities of soil, sand,
rubble, during
construction work.
11. Cladding
Stone
Coursed
Ashlar
Brick EIFS A shake is a wooden shingle
that is made from split logs.
When these are used for
covering the top of a house.
A wooden shingle is a piece
of wood that can be used on
a roof or to clad a house, it
Wood Boards Wood comes in two forms sawn and
Shingles split.
Those are wood shakes.
12. Code Requirements
IBC IBC
Requirements: Requirements:
Width 20” min Tread 11” min.
Height 24” min Riser 7.75” max
Area 5.7 sq ft
Does not meet
The window
code because
meets code
the tread
because the
doesn’t meet
dimensions
the minimum.
and areas
exceed
Tread 9.75”
minimums.
Width 32” Riser 7.25”
Height 29”
Sill Height
AFF 10”
Area 6.45 sq
ft
13. Concrete Joints
A control joint is an intentional
cut into the concrete, normally Isolation joints are used to
¼th the total thickness. The relieve flexural stresses due to
control joints purpose is to vertical movement of slab-on-
prevent cracking beyond the grade applications that adjoin
intentional cut. fixed foundation elements; the
column is being isolated from
the slab.
14. Concrete Masonry Unit
12 x 8 x 16
3 Bricks = 1 CMU
A concrete masonry unit is a block
of hardened concrete, with or
without hollow cores, designed to 4 x 8 x 16
be laid in the same manner as a
brick or stone. Typical dimensions
are 8 x 8 x 16.
16. Doors
A sidelight is a
tall, narrow
window
alongside a
door.
Flush Door
Sidelight
A transom is a
small window
directly above a
door.
6-Panel Door
Transom
17. Doors
Panel Stile Top Rail
Lock Rail Bottom Rail
18. Electrical Components
An electrical This device allows
device that electronic
changes the equipment to plug
voltage of in and function.
alternating
Transformer Box current. Duplex Receptacle
This device brings
This device
the power
allows you to
transmission lines
turn off/on
to the house.
power to
certain places
around the
Service Head Service Panel
dwelling.
A device that reads
the amount of
electricity used.
Meter
22. Front End Loader
A loader is an engineering vehicle
that is primarily used to load
material into or onto another type
of machinery.
A backhoe digs holes and a
bulldozer pushes earth around.
23. Gypsum Board
Gypsum board is a
common building material
typically made of a layer of
gypsum plaster pressed
between two thick sheets
of paper, then kiln dried.
24. Heat Pump
Heat pump air handler units The compressor/condenser
have a back-up source of extracts heat from the
heat inside them. Most heat outside air and runs it
pump air handler units through refrigerant lines to
utilize electric resistance either heat or cool the air. It
heating for back-up heat but can take in air as cold as 32
there are some that utilize degrees.
gas for back-up heating.
An advantage is that is has a rapid response time and a disadvantage is that
it’s difficult to zone.
25. Insulation
Batt/Blanket Insulation
Insulation is a material with a low thermal
conductivity that is included in a building
assembly for the purpose of reducing heat
flow through the assembly.
27. Lintel
Concrete Lintel
A lintel is a beam that
carries the load of a
wall across a window
or door opening.
28. Mortar
This is a raked joint. It has been This is a concave joint. It also
tooled and the mortar type is S, has been tooled and has an S
also the joint thickness is 3/8 of an mortar type. The joint is 3/8 of
inch. The building the mortar is an inch and the building is the
used on is Lowder Business new Student Center.
Building.
29. Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
Oriented Strand Board (OSB) is a building panel (non-veneered)
composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and
bonded together under pressure.
30. Plumbing
This is a lavatory, the This is a water closet, the
size of the drainage size of the drainage pipe
pipe is 1 ½” . is 3”.
31. Plumbing
This is a vent
though roof (VTR)
this keeps gases
from going back
into the house.
This is an under mount
sink
32. Plywood
Plywood is a wood panel composed of an odd
number of layers of wood veneer bonded together
under pressure.
A veneer is a thin covering over another surface.
33. Rebar
This is rebar, it is 3/8”
diameter and it called a
#3. This is a grade 40.
The deformations
are rolled into the
surface of a
reinforcing bar to
help it bond tightly
to the concrete.
34. Steep Roof Drainage
A gutter is a A downspout is a A splash block is a
channel that vertical pipe for small precast block
collects rainwater conducting water or plastic used to
and snowmelt at from a roof to a divert water at the
the eave of a roof. lower level. bottom of a
downspout.
35. Steep Roof Materials
A shingle is a small unit of
water-resistant material
nailed in overlapping fashion
with many other units to
render a wall or sloping roof
watertight.
Clay Tile Roof
Underlayment is a
layer of waterproof
Metal Panel Roof
material such as
building felt between
The typical materials used
roof sheathing and
are galvanized or aluminized
roofing. Wood Shingles
steel.
37. Steep Roof Terms
A ridge is a
level
intersection of
two roof planes.
A valley is a
trough formed
by the
intersection of An eave is the
two roof slopes. horizontal edge at the
low side of a sloping
roof.
38. Steep Roof Terms
The fascia is
the exposed
vertical face of
an eave.
A building
without a
fascia has
no The soffit is the
exposed undersurface of a
vertical horizontal element
A rake is the face. of a building.
sloping edge of a
steep roof.
40. Vapor Retarder
A vapor retarder is a layer of material intended
to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a
building assembly. It is place on the warm-in-
winter side of a building. In most U.S. climates it
would be on the inside of a house.
41. Waterproofing
Waterproofing is an
impervious membrane
applied to the outside of
a foundation. The
waterproofing here is
loosely laid.
42. Weep Hole
A weep hole is a small
opening whose purpose
is to permit drainage of
water that accumulates
inside a building
component or assembly.
43. Welded Wire Fabric
Welded wire fabric is a
grid of steel rods that are
welded together and
used to reinforce a
concrete slab. The grid
here is a 6” by 6”.
44. Windows
The window below is
a sliding window, that
is because it has one
fixed sash and
another that moves
horizontally in tracks.
The window above is a The window above is a
double-hung casement window, that
window, that is is because it has a
because it has two window that pivots on
overlapping sashes an axis at or near a
that slide vertically in vertical edge of the
tracks. sash.
