The document provides definitions and descriptions of various construction and building terms. It explains concepts like air barrier paper, attic ventilation components, backhoes, batter boards, brick bonds and sizes, bulldozers, cladding materials, concrete joints, concrete masonry units, decorative concrete units, doors and door components, electrical components, framing components, front end loaders, gypsum board, heat pumps, insulation types, lintels, mortar joints, oriented strand board, plumbing components, plywood, radiant barriers, rebar, roof drainage components, roof materials and shapes, stone styles, vapor retarders, waterproofing, welded wire fabric, and window types.

1. Visual Dictionary

2. Air Barrier Paper Air barrier paper controls air leakage into and out of the building envelope. This allows for more durable buildings as moisture is kept out and also results in significant energy savings. The paper keeps air and moister out of the house and allows some air to past back outside from the inside.

3. Attic Ventilation Soffit Vent An opening under the eave of a roof, used to allow air to flow into the attic or the space below the roof sheathing. Ridge vent A long, open assembly that allows air to circulate in and out of the gable roof at the ridge.

4. Attic Ventilation Gable vent A screened louvered opening in a gable, used for exhausting excess heat and humidity from an attic. Roof turbine Exhaust moist, hot air from your attic. Turbine roof vents work with Mother Nature to pull cooler air from outside.

5. Backhoe A piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. They are typically mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader. Used to dig out trenches for sewer, electrical, and plumbing. Also used to dig out the foundation. The bucket width is around 2.5 feet. Backhoe end

6. Batter Boards A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the foundation of the structure that will be built in the excavation.

7. Brick Arches Segmental Jack

8. Arch with a Keystone

9. Brick bonds This brick is laid in a running bond and the mortar is extruded. This brick is laid in a running bond. The joint is called a concave joint, which is tooled.

10. Brick bonds stretcher header Soldier rowlock soldier

11. Brick sizes Brick-Modular 3 5/8’’x 7 5/8’’x 2 1/4’’ Roman 3-1/2’’x11-1/2’’x1-5/8’

12. Bulldozer Is equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade), used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, etc., during construction work. The term "bulldozer" is often used to mean any heavy equipment, but precisely, the term refers only to a tractor (usually tracked) fitted with a dozer blade.

13. Cladding Efis Wood board clad

14. Cladding Wood Shingles Brick running bond Stone Random Rubble

15. Code Requirements 24’’x 49’’= 8.16 square feet Sill is 44’’ high Code states min 20’’ openable width and 24’’ min height but has to have a min of 5.7 square feet of openable area. Also sill height is 44’’ max. This window does not meets IBC code due to its measurements. Tread-10’’ Riser- 7.5’’ IBC code- tread- 10’’ min Riser-7 ¾ max These stairs meet IBC code requirements

16. Concrete joints Isolation joint Control Joint- an intentional linear discontinuity in a structure or component to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to carious forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure. Isolation joint- A joint, such as an expansion joint, between two adjacent structures which are not in physical contact The dumpster and drain are separated from the rest of the sidewalk

17. Concrete Masonry Unit 1 CMU=3 brick

18. Concrete Masonry Unit A block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone. The most common block is 8x8x16 Concrete block, when reinforced with concrete columns and tie beams, is a very common building material for the load-bearing walls of buildings 4’’ block 8’’ block

19. Decorative Concrete Units Split block Ribbed Block

20. Doors Exterior Flush door

21. Doors Panel Stile Top rail Lock rail Bottom rail Sidelight- fixed, glazed panel on the sides of a door

22. Doors Transom- a small window directly above a door

23. Electrical Components Underground transformer A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils.

24. Electrical Component Service head- where power enters the household from the transformer

25. Electrical Component Meter- used to see how much power has been used so the power company can bill the place. Service panel- is the main distribution center of your house's electricity. It's where the local utility's service lines hook up with the individual circuits that run throughout the house.

26. Electrical Component Duplex receptacle- Electrical outlet with space for two plugs.

27. Framing 1 anchor bolt 2 sill plate 3 flooring joist 4 subflooring 5 sole plate 6 stud 7 top plate 8 unfinished stringer 9 ceiling joist 10 rafter 11 roof decking 12 sheathing 1

28. Framing 8 3 5 6 7 9 10 12 11

29. Framing 2 4

30. Front end loader is a heavy equipment machine that is primarily used to "load" material (asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, wood chips, etc.) into or onto another type of machinery (dump truck, conveyor belt, feed-hopper, rail-car, etc.) A backhoe is mostly used to dig trenches and smaller holes. A bulldozer is used for flatten grade and move dirt around to level out lots.

31. Gypsum board An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces

32. Heat pump The major disadvantage of the air-to-air system heat pump is its inability to operate well at very low temperatures and thus requiring a back-up system A advantage of a heat pump, no pilot light or vent to worry about.

33. Heat pump In heating mode, an air source heat pump evaporates a refrigerant in the outdoor coil. As the liquid evaporates it pulls heat from the outside air. After the gas is compressed, it passes inside. Compressor/condenser

34. Heat pump Indoor coil condenses, releasing heat to the inside of the house. The pressure changes caused by the compressor and the expansion valve allow the gas to evaporate at a low temperature outside and condense at a high temperature indoors.

35. Insulation Used in the construction or retrofit of buildings. The insulation is used to reduce heat transfer by conduction, radiation or convection and are employed in varying combinations to achieve the desired outcome (usually thermal comfort with reduced energy consumption) blanket foamed Foam insulation not only offers a great insulation value, but also provides excellent sound insulation. More importantly though, it fills every cavity and void in the exterior walls eliminating places where bugs and other pest can reside and enter the home.

36. Insulation Is manufactured in panels that make it easy to clad a large area. Different types provide a range of R- values, although rigid foam generally is highly rated. It also resists water and rot from locations in the ground. Rigid board Loose fill Small pieces of insulation, made from fiber glass, mineral wool that is blown into a home using a machine that houses a blowing machine. Loose-fill insulation is typically installed by a professional. Loose-fill is used for general purposes and is especially effective at filling small and irregularly-shaped spaces.

37. Lintel Is a horizontal beam used in the construction of buildings, it usually supports the masonry above a window or door opening lintel

38. Mortar Joint is not tooled or toweled 3/8’’ House Type N Extruded Mortar Joint

39. Mortar Tooled for a flush look 3/8’’ House Type N Flush Mortar Joint

40. Oriented Strand Board A building material that is a nonveneered panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bodied together under pressure. Take various strips of wood, lay in all different directions. Each strip has glue on it. Once a desired thickness is reached the strips of glued wood are put into a press and compressed down and heated until the OSB panel is formed.

41. Plumbing Drain in the lavatory Drain-1 ½’’ Water Closet Drain used 3’’

42. Plumbing Tub installed before drywall

43. Plumbing consists of pipes leading from fixtures to the outdoors, usually via the roof. Vents provide for relief of sewer gases, admission of oxygen for aerobic sewage digestion, and maintenance of the trap water seals which prevent sewer gases from entering the building VTR

44. Plumbing Sink is cast iron drop in sink

45. Plywood A wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure. Smaller wood panels are glued together with the grains facing different directions for each smaller wood panel. About six smaller wood panels are glued and pressed to make one plywood panel. plywood

46. Radiant Barrier A reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in a roof or a wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy. Helps to insulate during the summer months to help keep the energy bill as low as possible

47. Rebar #2 rebar Rebar is used to strengthen the concrete. Rebar is deformed to help give concrete its strength in any shape or size.

48. Steep roof drainage Gutter- a channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof Downspout-a vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level. Splash block- a small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout. gutter downspout splash block

49. Steep roof materials A layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing Helps stop moisture from entering the building from if it gets under the shingle Building Felt

50. Clay tile roof

51. Steep roof materials A small unit of water resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight. slate shingle

52. Steep roof materials This is a copper panel roof copper

53. Steep roof shapes HIP Gable Gambrel

54. Steep roof shapes mansard

55. Steep roof terms Ridge-the level intersection of two roof planes in a gable roof Valley-a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes Eave-is the edge of a roof, usually project beyond the side of the building generally to provide weather protection Rake- the sloping edge of a steep roof Soffit- the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building especially the underside of a stair or a roof overhang ridge valley eave rake soffit

56. Steep roof terms Fascia-the exposed vertical face of an eave fascia

57. Steep roof terms Building without fascia

58. Stone Coursed Rubble Random Ashlar

59. Stone Random Rubble Coursed Ashlar

60. Vapor retarder A layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly. The vapor retarder on insulation is usually facing the inside. Installed to face the gypsum board.

61. Waterproofing An impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation Liquid applied waterproofing

62. Weep Hole A small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component

63. Welded wire fabric A grid of steel rods that are welded together used to reinforce a concrete slab 3”x3” grid

64. Windows Double hung window Has two movable sashes that slide up or down in tracks Makes it easier to clean

65. Windows Casement Turn operation-hinged on vertical side To be able to completely open window

66. Windows Sliding Sometimes easier to open than double or single hung window