The document is a field visit report submitted by a student for their Construction Technology module. It summarizes their visit to a construction site for a new Faculty of Technology building at Rajaratha University. The report describes the various concrete works observed, including testing, compaction, tie beams, road kerbs, columns, and cover blocks. It also discusses formwork, reinforcement, excavation works, and construction machinery seen on site. The student provides details of the structural components and purposes of elements like staircases. They note observations about concrete grades and reinforcement concrete advantages.

1. pg. 1
Department of Quantity Surveying
University college of Anuradhapura
Field visit report
at
Maga engineering pvt.ltd
at
Faculty of technology in Rajarata university of srilanka.
Name : T.S.A Ahamed
Student number : UCA/QS/F/2020/03
Module : Construction Technology 1
Module code : F45C002M03
Date of submission :15/12/2022

2. pg. 2
CONTENT
Chapter 01
1.1 Introduction of Faculty of technology in Rajarata university of srilanka…..…..3-4
1.2 organization…………………………………………………………………….5
Chapter 02
2.1 Concrete………………………………………………………………………..6-7
2.1.1 concrete testing………………………………………………………........8-9
2.1.2 concrete compaction…………………………………………………….....10
2.1.3 Tie beam……………………………………………………………….......11
2.1.4 Road kerbs………………………………………………………………....12
2.1.5 column…………………………………………………………………......13
2.1.6 cover blocks………………………………………………………………..14
2.2 Staircase……………………………………………………………….……......15-16
2.3 form work………………………………………………..……………….……..17
2.4 Reinforcement work………………………………………………………..…..18
2.4.1 Reinforcement steel…………………………………………………...…....19-20
2.4.2 Reinforcement steel cutting machine……………………………...………..21
2.4.3 bar bending machine…………………………………………………...…...22
2.4.4 bar tying…………………………………………………………….............23
2.5 excavation work………………………………………………………….……..24
2.6 back filling……………………………………………………………….……..25
2.7 cement blocks……………………………………………………………….…...26
2.8 Construction machineries……………………………………………………..….27-29
Chapter 3
3.1 field visit experience……………………………………………………….……30
3.2 conclusion………………………………………………………………….……31
3.3 References ………………………………………………………….……….….32

3. pg. 3
Chapter 01
1.1 Introduction
Introduction of Faculty of technology in Rajarata university of srilanka.
The project involves construction of a Faculty of Technology at the Rajarata University of Sri
Lanka (RUSL) in Mihintale, Anuradhapura. Construction of the new faculty comes under the
government’s Science and Technology Human Resource Development (STHRD) project,
which is implemented with funding from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The project
aims to increase the technology-oriented workforce via establishment of industry-relevant
technology education and research facilities, and support for curriculum development,
staffing, and capacity improvement.
The new faculty will be developed on a 2-acre land and feature an 800-seat capacity
auditorium, a large 3-storey library, multiple lecture halls, flexible learning spaces, state-of-
the-art laboratories, meeting rooms, common areas, collaborative student spaces, service
outlets, and a dedicated industry collaboration cell.
Once completed, the faculty will house five departments including Bio-Process Technology,
Materials Technology, and Information & Communication Technology (ICT), and will offer
a number of industry-focused, practical-oriented degree programmes that prepare
undergraduates for careers in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM) fields. Establishment of such a faculty will also generate new employment
opportunities and simultaneously contribute to skill development in key sectors of the Sri
Lankan economy.
TCE 3000 million
contractor Maga
engineering
Consultant ECL
Date of
awarding
31/12/2021
Expected date
of completion 14/05/2024
Table :01
Figure :01

4. pg. 4
The faculty is designed in partnership with Engineering Consultants Limited (ECL), one of
the largest multi-disciplinary consulting providers in Sri Lanka, behind some of the most
iconic buildings and infrastructure projects in the country. The design will retain Rajarata
University’s unique architectural style, merging its colonial and traditional architectural
features within a sustainable and green learning environment. A domed greenhouse will make
up the centerpiece of the new faculty, not only setting the tone for a green campus, but also
forming an integral component of the biosystems wing of the campus and providing space for
bioprocess technology research and experiments.
This Building is being constructed by Maga engineering.

5. pg. 5
1.2 organization (Rajarata university of srilanka)
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka was established as the eleventh National University in
Sri Lanka and was inaugurally opened on the 31st
January 1996 by her excellency
president Chandrika Bandaranayake as per the Gazella Notification 896/2 and the
University act 16 of 1987.
It is not an exaggeration to introduce Mihinthale as the cradle of Buddhism, 15 km to the
East of the Ancient Kingdom,Anuradhapura, a land gifted with ancient architecture and
irrigation which paved the way through Buddhism for an admirable lifestyle and scholars
of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka are fortunate to receive education in this seat of
learning
Having examined the social variables encountered by Srilanka in the two decades 1970
and 1980, the then government decided to established affiliated university colleges to
provide opportunities for higher education for youth who are qualified but deprived of
university education consequently affiliated university college were established in
makandura , kuliyapitiya and Anuradhapura. were named wayamba campus of srilanka.
At it’s inception, four faculties, namely the faculty of social sciences and humanities,
faculty of management studies, faculty of agriculture and faculty of applied science were
established and in in the year 2006, the faculty of medicine and allied science was
established as the 5th
faculty of RUSL. The faculty of social sciences and humanities ,
faculty of management studies and faculty of applied sciences are conveniently located
in the mihinthale premises , while the faculties of agriculture and medicine and allied
sciences are situated in puliyankulama and saliyapura respectively.
The faculty of technology Is the latest edition to the family of Rajarata university.
Located at the historic city of mihinthale, the faculty provides a unique learning and
working experience for it’s student and the staff.
While producing high quality technology graduates , who can thrive in the global job
market , the faculty has a clear vision of becoming a leader in research and innovation
the faculty’s strong alliance to the industry and foreign and foreign universities ensures
that the student get the relevant and up to date education in their class rooms and
laboratories. The faculty has heavily invested on it’s infrastructure and currently
possesses a state of the art laboratory complex and several high end equipment. There for
the student will get exposed to the latest trends and the technologies available in their
respective fields also the faculty has a younger team of highly motivated academics
working tirelessly to create a unique and pleasant learning environment to the students.

6. pg. 6
chapter 02
2.1 concrete
in this field visit we have seen so many concrete works. The real definition of concrete is a
building material made from a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand, cement, and water,
which can be spread or poured into moulds and forms a mass resembling stone on hardening.
In this field visit we have seen two types of concrete they are
* Mass concrete
* Reinforcement concrete
2.1.1 Mass concrete
Figure 2.1.1
mass concrete is any volume of concrete with dimensions large enough to require that
measures be taken to cope with generation of heat from hydration of the cement and attendant
volume change, to minimize cracking.
2.1.2 Reinforcement concrete
Figure 2.1.2
reinforced concrete is a concrete in which steel is embedded in such a manner that the two
materials act together in resisting forces.

7. pg. 7
In this field visit main quantity surveyor said that we construct the columns of this building
with M20 grade concrete . mainly strength of concrete is depend on that’s grade, there is so
many grades in concrete, those are
2.1.2.1 Advantages of Reinforced Concrete
1. Reinforced concrete has a high compressive strength compared to other building
materials.
2. Due to the provided reinforcement, reinforced concrete can also withstand a good
amount tensile stress.
3. Fire and weather resistance of reinforced concrete is fair.
4. The reinforced concrete building system is more durable than any other building
system.
5. Reinforced concrete, as a fluid material, in the beginning, can be economically
molded into a nearly limitless range of shapes.
6. The maintenance cost of reinforced concrete is very low.
7. In the structure like footings, dams, piers etc. reinforced concrete is the most
economical construction material.
8. It acts like a rigid member with minimum deflection.
Table 2.1

8. pg. 8
2.1.1 Concrete Testing
Concrete testing is important for knowing it’s strength. and it’s needs to be tested before we
use it to be use it to make sure it’s of sufficient durability. Luckily we got a chance to see the
concrete tests. There is mainly two types of concrete testing, those are
*Slump cone test
*Concrete cube test
2.1.1.1 Slump cone test
Fig 2.1.1.1
The concrete slump test is an on-the-spot test to determine the consistency as well as
workability of fresh concrete. This test plays a vital role in ensuring immediate concrete quality
in a construction project. It is used almost in every construction sites.
The slump test is very simple and easy to handle. It also demands comparatively less equipment
and can be done in a short period of time. These advantages of slump test have made it very
popular all over the world. In the slump test, workability of concrete is not measured directly.
Instead, consistency of concrete is measured which gives a general idea about the workability
condition of concrete mix.

9. pg. 9
2.1.1.2 Concrete cube test
Figure 2.1.1.2
Cube Test of Concrete is one of the most important tests done on concrete. It is also known as
a test to determine the Compressive Strength of Concrete. This single test is enough to do a
quality check on the type of concreting that is being done at site.
The factors that determine the Compressive Strength of Concrete are Water Cement ratio,
Cement Strength, Quality of concrete material and the quality control that is being done
during production of concrete.
Figure 2.1.1.3 Figure 2.1.1.4

10. pg. 10
2.1.2 concrete compaction
Figure 2.1.2
When we went the technology faculty building, compaction was being done using porker
vibrator. Concrete Compaction is the process which expels entrapped air from freshly placed
concrete and packs the aggregate particles together so as to increase the density of concrete.
It increases significantly the ultimate strength of concrete and enhances the bond with
reinforcement.
There is lots of methods to compacting the concrete which are given below.
• Manual Compaction(Hand Compaction) .
• Concrete Compaction by Pressure and Jolting.
• Concrete Compaction by Spinning
• Mechanical Compaction by Vibration.
• Internal Vibrator for Concrete Compaction.
• (a) Flexible shaft type internal vibrator.
2.1.2.1 Importance of concrete compaction
Compaction of concrete is an important component in the process of laying a concrete slab. If
compaction is not carried out as required, a series of defects may become apparent and the
concrete slab will suffer from significant loss of strength.

11. pg. 11
2.1.3 Tie beam
Figure 2.1.3
In this field visit we have seen tie beam constructing process. They construct the tie beam was
being built inside in the building. When someone asked the chief engineer of maga engineering
pvt.ltd what is tie beam? He said that As a building gets taller, the columns would start leaning
if they were not given some structure. That is the role of the tie beam. It's any primary beam
that connects — or ties together — two columns anywhere above the floor level to keep them
from buckling.
2.1.3.1 Purpose of tie beam
Purpose of Tie beams are worked as fixing members to reduce the unsupported length of the
column. Tie beams can also work to support walls or any other partitions among them. Tie
beams are also worked as a tie element to protect the differential settlement between footings
according to the strata.
2.1.4 Road kerbs

12. pg. 12
Figure 2.1.4
In this field visit we have seen so many road kerbs. Those are constructed by using pre-cast
method, they explained road kerb is The kerb is the raised edge of a pavement which separates
it from the road. In this faculty area we have seen small roads, so those road kerbs will use of
these roads.
2.1.4.1 Purpose of road kerbs
The purpose of road kerb is to prevent traffic leaving the carriageway and are used on
dangerous curves, for pedestrian islands, and to protect footpaths or equipment.
2.1.4.5 how are road kerbs made
Using a laying machine, the kerb is formed of concrete or asphalt bonded to the existing asphalt
surface.

13. pg. 13
2.1.5 column
Figure 2.1.5
We saw many types of column there such as short column , spiral column , tied column ,
circular column, composite column etc. Columns are classified based on the several
conditions which include:
1. Based on Types of Reinforcement
2. Based on Types of Loading
3. Based on Slenderness Ratio
4. Based on Shape
5. Based on Construction Material
2.1.5.1 purpose of constructing a column in a building
Columns act as a structural element that transfers loads from the slab, (i.e., roof, upper
floor) to the foundation and finally to the soil beneath a structure. They are typically
vertically oriented. In construction, columns are used in trusses, building frames, and structure
support for bridges.

14. pg. 14
2.1.6 cover blocks
Figure 2.1.6
In a construction works we have to use lot of cover blocks. In this construction site also we
have seen cover blocks , cover block is essentially a spacer used to lift the Steel mesh off the
ground so that concrete may flow under the rebars.
2.1.6.1 why cover block is important
• It protects the Reinforcement from Environment exposure or Corrosion.
• Maintain a specific distance between the steel bars and the shuttering
• Give reinforcing bars sufficient embedding to enable them to be stressed without
slipping.
• Provide thermal insulation, which covers the reinforcement bars from fire
2.1.6.2 different name of cover blocks
• Coral Concrete Cover Block.
• Concrete Spacer Block.
• Reinforced Concrete Cement Cover.

15. pg. 15
2.2 Staircases
Figure 2.2
in this field visit we have seen half-turn staircase. These are stairs with successive flights that
go in opposite directions. A variety of landings, such as half-space landings, quarter-space
landings, or winders alone, can be used to separate the flights.
There is lots of types type of staircases in a construction which are given below
• Straight Staircase. ...
• Switchback, Halfback, Half-turn, or U-shaped Staircase. ...
• Quarter-turn or L-shaped Staircase. ...
• Winder Staircase. ...
• Curved Staircase. ...
• Bifurcated or Split Staircase. ...
• Spiral Staircase. ...
• Open or Floating Staircase.
2.2.1 Purpose of stairs
When someone asked the chief engineer of maga engineering pvt.ltd what is the purpose of
stair? He said that “The primary purpose of stairs is to provide a simple and easy means of
moving between levels. In ancient times, houses and shelters were made up of only one story,
but it was realized that the area above ground level could be utilized to increase the amount of
space a structure could offer ”.

16. pg. 16
2.2.2 structural components of the stair case
When designing a staircase these are the basic components. There are Stringers, Treads,
Risers, Newels, Winders and Landings, Handrail's and Balusters. Stringer – The inclined
boards in which the treads and risers are enclosed. Tread – The top or horizontal surface of a
step.
Figure 2.2.2
Figure 2.2.2

17. pg. 17
2.3 form work
Figure 2.3
When we went there, the formwork was going on the buiding. Definition of form work is the
structure, usually temporary, used to contain poured concrete and to mould it to the required
dimensions and support until it is able to support itself.
2.3.1 Form work and types
Formwork may be made of wood, metal, plastic, or composite materials: Traditional
timber formwork. The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-
resistant particleboard. It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the
plywood facing has a relatively short lifespan. 2.3.2 purpose of form work
The purpose of formwork is to safely support the reinforced concrete until it has reached
adequate strength.

18. pg. 18
2.4 Reinforcement works
Figure 2.4
when we went to upper floor of the building , we have seen a lot of reinforcement works. Chief
quantity surveyor said definition of reinforcement work on building is Building reinforcement
is an essential process in a building's construction or remodeling process. Reinforcing or
strengthening a structure helps it carry the projected load or increase its capacity for handling
more loads, as in the case of expansion or remodeling .

19. pg. 19
2.4.1 Reinforcement steels
2.4.1.1 What are the types of reinforcement in construction?
We’re mainly used two types of reinforcement in construction which are given below
• Tor steel reinforcement
• Mild steel reinforcement
2.4.1.2 Tor steel reinforcement
Figure 2.4.1.2
Tor steel reinforcement is mainly used in construction project . in our field trip also we have
seen lot of tor steels, because tor steel is one of the topmost and stylish grades of steel
employed in concrete strengthening. Different feathers of steel or steel bars that are employed
for lower inhibition concrete. It's employed in steel structures. It has further compliant
solicitude than the mellow steel bars .

20. pg. 20
2.4.1.3 Mild steel
Figure 2.4.1.3
mild steel is used sparingly in construction projects. In this field visit we have seen mild steels
sparingly. Purchasing mild steel is 10% of the tor steel. mild steel is a type of low carbon steel.
So it’s not much stronger than tor steel.
2.4.1.3.1 Advantages of mild steel in construction project
• Strength to weight ratio.
• Ideal mechanical properties.
• Favorable chemical properties.
• Weldable.
• Ductile.
• Cost-effective.

21. pg. 21
2.4.2 Reinforcement steel cutting machine
Figure 2.4.2
In this field visit we have visited to the bar cutting area, on that area we saw a machine. When
we saw it , we knew it was the bar cutting machine . bar cutting machine is used for rapidly
cutting various gauge steel wire. These cutting machines enable users to slice steel wire, steel
bar, brass wire, aluminium wire, polycarbonate fibre, PVC pipe and various other wires into
very thin gauge sizes.
2.4.2.1 Benefits of steel bar cutting machine
This machine is less energy consuming and requires less power for operation. Therefore, it is
greatly appreciated by the steelworkers and other employees who are working on these
industries. They use this steel bar cutting machine to reduce production time and also to
increase their production rate.

22. pg. 22
2.4.3 Bar bending machine
Figure 2.4.3
After seeing the bar cutting process, we have moved to see bar bending process. on that area
we saw a big machine. When we saw it , we knew it was the bar bending machine . bar
bending machine is also known as rebar machine. Rebar bending machines are usually used
for accuracy of bending angles. The machine is suitable for bending wide varieties of steel
bars, TMT, and reinforcement bars etc used in construction. It is capable of bending the
toughest rebars and its application is very extensive.
2.4.3.1 Benefits of bar bending machines
Bar bending makes it possible for workers to target every other aspect of the job, and enable
the device to achieve this tedious work. Its advantages include;
• Manufactured with electrical and mechanical components that perform the bending
task in a structured manner
• Increases the speed of your work and cuts down the time taken for bending
• Facilitates to doing multiple jobs in a day and gives you more time for other work.
• Reduces the chances of accidents and further injuries due to its speedy cutting
ability. The latest models have safety options that help to manage the heat and
pressure during cuts.
• They are highly portable and easily moveable
• Enables you to do multi-task jobs within a short period as it has high capacity
cutting tools
• The bending equipment, compactly structured achieves accurate bending

23. pg. 23
2.4.4 bar tying
Figure 2.4.4
When we went to the upper floor of the building, we saw so many labors are tying the bars
for construct the slab. they are used mildsteel for tying the bars. Bar tying is important for
constructing the Slab and column etc. rebar ties' overall purpose is to help the bars remain in
position while concrete placement and other work is underway, the tying process is something
of an artform.

24. pg. 24
2.5 excavation work
Figure 2.5
When we went to the construction site, we have seen some kind of excavation going on there;
we asked from chief engineer about it, he said that we’re excavating this trenches for build the
tie beam. Then he said excavation work generally means work involving the removal of soil
or rock from a site to form an open face, hole or cavity, using tools, machinery or
explosives. Excavation work can occur anywhere, including: on construction sites. on business
premises. in public areas.
2.5.1 purpose of excavation
Excavation is used in construction to create building foundations, reservoirs, and roads. Some
of the different processes used in excavation include trenching, digging, dredging, and site
development. Each of these processes requires unique techniques, tools, and machinery to get
the job done right.
There are some main excavation types; those are
Bulk excavation
Trenches excavation
Basement excavation
Cut and fill

25. pg. 25
2.6 backfilling
Figure 2.6
In this field visit we had a chance to see backfilling process . backfilling is the process of
using soil to support and strengthen a structure. The soil used for backfilling can be the soil
removed during the excavation of foundations, ground bearing slabs or during any
groundworks. It can be new imported soils, rocks and stone based on the structural
requirements.
2.6.1 purpose of backfilling
Backfilling is an important part of the construction process. Backfilling happens after
excavation, when the soil is compacted back into the trench or foundation. It is used to help
protect foundations, roadways, walkways and other structures by using a mixture of soil,
rocks, and stones.
2.6.2 Types of backfill materials
excavated soil
Stone
mixture of sand and gravel,
concrete

26. pg. 26
2.7 cement blocks
Figure 2.7.1.1
in this field visit luckily we had a chance to see the making process of cement blocks, A cement
block is primarily used as a building material in the construction of walls . we have seen hollow
block making process . a hollow block is included in a types blocks; there are so many types
of cement blocks which are given below
• Solid Concrete Blocks. Fully solid concrete blocks look like gray bricks but are
typically larger.
• Stretcher Block.
• Pillar Block.
• Lintel Block.
• Jamb Block.
• Column Block.
• Corner Block.
2.7.1 Advantages of concrete blocks
Strong and durable
Fire resistant
Free maintenance
Cost effective solution
Figure 2.7.1.2

27. pg. 27
2.8 Construction machineries
In this field visit we have seen lot of construction machineries. It helps to make their work
easier. Depending on the application , construction machines are classified into various
categories those are
* earth moving equipment
* construction vehicles
* material handling equipment
* construction equipment
In that area we have seen some construction machineries which are given below
*mobile crane
*mini loader
*mini road roller
*concrete mixture truck
*concrete boom pump
* mini excavator
2.8.1 mobile crane
Figure 2.8.1
A mobile crane can be very basic, with just a telescopic boom on a platform, or can be a full
sized crane. A standard crane is a machine used for lifting heavy objects. This type of machine
is fitted with a wire rope drum, chains, and a control panel. The advantage of a mobile crane
is the additional flexibility to access sites and equipment that are otherwise difficult to access.

28. pg. 28
2.8.2 Mini loader
Figure 2.8.2
A mini loader is used to transport dirt, rocks and other hard fill in narrow or tightly confined
spaces where a full sized loader wouldn't fit, or on small construction projects.
2.8.3 concrete mixture truck
Figure 2.8.3
A concrete truck, also called an agitator truck, cement truck or transit mixer, carries ready-
mixed concrete to a construction site.

29. pg. 29
2.8.4 concrete boom pump
Figure 2.8.4
A concrete pump is a machine used for transferring liquid concrete by pumping. A boom
pump is used for areas that even a ground pump can't reach.
2.8.5 mini excavator
Figure 2.8.5
A mini excavator is a compact piece of construction equipment used for digging or light
demolition work. In this work site they were using mini excavator for digging small pits.

30. pg. 30
Chapter 3
3.1 field visit experience
I had a opportunity to go to Faculty of technology in Rajarata university of srilanka on the 8th
of December. With is currently underway in srilanka. The visit was truly a unique
experience, as I was able to observe the progress of the construction, get a better
understanding of the project and even meet with engineers who are involved in the project.
The 1st
thing that struck me was the sheer size of the project . the size is massive with dozens
of cranes and other machineries are use in there.
The 2nd
thing that stood out to me was the level of detail and care that the engineers and
workers were taking with the project every step of the process.
The 3rd
thing that struck me was the making process of the cement blocks , when I asked
about it they lively showed how to make a cement block.
After that we have seen reinforcement cutting process and bending process, I’ve never seen
it before.
Then we have seen lot of construction machineries and how it working.
After that they provide refreshment for whole students.it was very tasty .
Finally I was able to meet with some of the engineers and workers and I asked some
questions about the projects . they were all very friendly and share their knowledge and
experience. They explained the overall vision of the project and the challenges they face on a
daily basis. It was truly.

31. pg. 31
3.2 conclusion
we got knowledge about purpose of this building from chief engineer. Then we got idea about
concrete works and types. after we got idea about concrete testing methods. Then we got
knowledge about purpose of using tie beam then we got idea about column constructing
process. Then we got a knowledge about purpose of coverblock and method of making it.After
that we got a knowledge about reinforcement works. In there we learned reinforcement steel
type, working method of steel cutting machine ,working method of bar bending method and
bar tying. After that we got an idea about excavation process. Then we got to know about back
filling and importance of back filling. Then we got an idea about cement block making process
accurately. finally we got knowledge about construction machineries and how it works. This
field visit shows the importance of knowing construction work.

32. pg. 32
3.3 References
https://www.maga.lk/portfolio/ongoing-projects/building/
https://civiltoday.com/civil-engineering-materials/concrete
https://theconstructor.org/building/steel-reinforcement-types-properties/24437/
https://dailycivil.com/why-cover-blocks-are-used-in-reinforcement
https://basiccivilengineering.com/2015/04/type-of-equipment-use-in-construction.html
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wik