Nutrition in mango &yield

2. Presented by:
ASIFALI HAJANO
Msc. (Agri.) Hons. Part-I
Department of Horticulture
Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam
Presentation Topic
Proper Nutrients Requirement In Mango
&
Yield Production in Pakistan And Other Countries

4. Role of Nitrogen
Most important element for yield & quality
 Main nutrient affecting growth – flush, flowers, fruit & roots
In mangoes, nitrogen –
increases tree vigour –
stimulates flowering in combination with K –
 improves fruit and yield –
increases fruit size –
 increases brix
The form of N required by plants is often limiting; plants can only take up N in
the ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-) form

5. . Nitrogen Deficiencies
 Poor vegetative and reproductive growth
 Decreased defense against disease
 Reduction in fruit size
 Poor yield
 Increased fruit drop

7. Role of Calcium (Ca)
 Strengthens cell walls (structural component)
 Provides defense from pathogens
 Essential for root hair and leaf development
 Important during cell division – first 6-10 weeks of fruit development
 Important for fruit quality – , shelf life & internal quality
Calcium (Ca) Not easily translocated in the tree
 Uptake speed depends on particle size
 Easily outcompeted by other nutrients
 Plants use more Ca than any other added element

10. Role of Boron (B)
 Necessary for all new cell growth – flushing, flowering, pollination and fruit
development – maximise B at flowering and fruit set
 Important in cell walls
 Helps Ca work and therefore fruit quality
 Can help with fruit set in cooler weather
 Affects hormone movement
 Mobile in the soil and but not in the plant
 Easy to go from deficiency to toxicity

13. Role of Potassium (K)
 Role – Involved with water regulation, cell growth and expansion & movement of sugars
 Thickens cell walls which increases resistance to pathogen and insect attack
 Important for fruit quality - skin & flesh colour, flavour & fruit size
 Very mobile in the soil and the plant
 Greatest need is with fruit development
Potassium (K)
 K, Ca, Na, and Mg compete for uptake
 Deficiency reduces fruit size, yield and flavour
 Suppressive effect on powdery mildew (mono potassium phosphate) (K)

17. Role of Phosphorus (P)
 Role – Important for cell division
 Involved with the production and movement of energy within the plant
 Important for seed (and therefore fruit) development
 Initiates and develops root laterals
 Necessary to get adequate uptake of other nutrients
 Very mobile in the plant but not in the soil
 Generally not limiting element in mangoes
 Soil pH affects uptake

19. Role Of Magnesium (Mg)
 Central molecule in chlorophyll

Important for photosynthesis & aids phosphorus movement in the plant

Very mobile in the plant and the soil

Affects the uptake and availability of other cations (Ca and K)
Timing need - during active vegetative growth phases
 Excessive Mg can green leaves and fruit

21. Role Of Sulfur (S)
 Constituent of plant proteins and photosynthesis
 Very mobile in the soil but not mobile in the plant
 Role in tree growth and fruit quality is not fully understood
 Low levels limit N uptake •
Timing - during all active growth phases
 Yellowing of all leaves could be sign of S deficiency

23. Role Of Zinc (Zn)
 Important for leaf expansion
 Involved with water regulation
 Essential for chlorophyll formation and hormone production
 Immobile in the plant – deficiency at growing points
 High P availability reduces Zn
 Deficiency causes stunted growth, yield decrease and fruitlet abscission
Timing - during vegetative growth phases

26. Role of Iron (Fe)
 Involved with water regulation in the plant and chlorophyll formation
Immobile in the plant
Timing - during vegetative growth phases
 Often low in many farms
 Higher levels in wet soil conditions

28. Manuring
Additional of the correct amount of fertilizer at the right time is essential for commercial
Production.
A liberal additional of FYM results in excellent performance in mango orchards .
In the punjab, trees eight years old or more are provided with 100 kg of well- rottted FYM or
1.5 kg of N and 500g of K per tree.
In the multan region, fertilizer is applied half after fruit harvest and the other half in february .
When FYM is used, it is all added in August-September.
In Faislabad Division, due to early onset of winter, the preferred times for fertilization are in
February and April .
In sindh, Jagirdar and Maniyar (1967) recommended 100kg of FYM to a bearing tree, or 2kg
Of N per tree in three doses: 500g in January, 500g in March, and 1000 g per tree in august
After harvesting. For young trees, both in punjab in sindh .

29. 1 5 100 50 100
2 10 200 100 200
3 15 300 200 300
4 20 400 300 400
5 25 500 400 500
6 30 600 500 600
7 35 700 500 700
10* onwords 50 1000 500 1000
Age of the
Plant (Years)
Fertilizer Dose/Plant /Year
FYM (kg) N (g) P (g) K (g)
Mango
Fertilizer Requirements

30. Entire dose of the FYM and half dose of N, P and K should be given during monsoon while the
balance
half is applied during the end of monsoon. Before the application of fertilizers, the weeds should
be removed from basins.
The mixture of recommended dose of fertilizers should be broadcast under the canopy of plant
leaving about 50 cm from tree trunk in old trees. The applied fertilizer should be amalgamated
well up to the depth of 15 cm. To increase fertilizer use efficiency, fertilizers should be
applied in 25 cm wide and 25-30 cm deep trenches dug around the tree 2 m away from trunk.

31. For newly planted mango plants 10 kg FYM+ 200 gm N + 200 gm P + 300 gm K per
plant
per year should be applied while mango trees above 10 year old should be applied with
50 kg FYM + 1 kg N +1 kg P + 1.5 kg K per plant per year.
You can apply 10 kg FYM + 3 kg Bone mill + 5.0 kg wood ash for newly planted
seedling
and for plants bove 10 years apply 50 kg FYM + 7.5 kg bone meal + 15 kg wood ash per
plant per year.

32. Years 1957- 60 1960-65 1965·70 1970-75 1975-80 1980-85 1985-90 1990-95 1995-2001
Area (000, hect.) 10.84 16.48 20.4 25.5 29 32.7 44.2 46.6 48.17
Production tons 71.2 122.2 256.1 340.6 282.4 383 465.7 530.1 592.5
Yield (tons/hat.) 6.56 7.41 9.69 9.76 9.73 9.7 9.27 9.53 9.98
Table 1. Average area, production and yield per hectare of mango in Punjab from 1957-2001
Years 1957- 60 1960-65 1965·70 1970-75 1975-80 1980-85 1985-90 1990-95 1995-2001
Area (000, hect.) 16.26 24.72 31.9 31.2 33.2 33.5 33.9 37.6 43.2
Production tons 106.2 183.36 252.2 215.1 255 260.6 260.4 273.4 320
Yield (tons/hat.) 6.53 7.41 7.9 6.89 7.68 7.8 7.68 7.27 7.47.4
Table 2. Average area, production and yield per hectare of mango in Sindh from 1957-2001
Years 1957- 60 1960-65 1965·70 1970-75 1975-80 1980-85 1985-90 1990-95 1995-2001
Area (000, hect.) 27.1 41.2 52.7 57.2 58 66.9 79 85.6 91.55
Production tons 178 305.6 510.9 558.4 564.8 649.2 732.8 816 913.87
Yield (tons/hat.) 6.56 7.41 9.69 9.76 9.73 9.7 9.27 9.53 9.98
Table 3. Average area, production and yield per hectare of mango in Pakistan from 1957-2001

33. Country 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 % change in five years Share in 99
World 23.80 23.75 24.29 19.23 19.00 24.75%
India 12.00 12.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 20.00% 50.4%
China 2.10 2.10 2.10 1.00 0.98 114.2% 8.9%
Mexico 1.50 1.47 1.50 1.40 1.34 11.9% 6.00%
Thailand 1.25 1.25 1.35 0.65 0.65 92.3% 5.2%
Philippines 0.93 0.93 0.98 0.48 0.43 116.2% 3.9%
Pakistan 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.85 0.88 3.4% 3.8%
Nigeria 0.73 0.73 0.69 0.50 0.50 46.00% 3.00%
Indonesia 0.60 0.60 0.11 0.73 0.78 (-)23% 2.5%
Brazil 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.41 0.41 46.3% 2.5%
Egypt 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.18 0.18 27% 0.9%
India, China, Mexico, Thailand, Philippines,Pakistan,Nigeria, Indonesia, Brazil and Egypt are, in
that order, the top ten mango producing countries in the world. Well over four-fifths of global mango
production comes from the top ten. Asia, the original home of the fruit, provides about three-fourths of
world mangoes, of which two-thirds come from India alone.
Table – I Global Mango Production.
Source:F.A.O./U.N
(Quantity (million tons)
Mango Producing Countries & its % share in 1999

34. Country 1998 1997 1996 Share in 98
World 509.8 465.8 416.6 41 %
Mexico 209.4 187.1 165.0 10.3%
Philippines 52.5 45.0 40.2 7.8%
Pakistan 40.2 25.0 18.3 7.6%
Brazil 39.2 23.3 24.2
India 26.7 26.7 26.7 5.2%
Netherlands 17.1 24.7 21.3 3.3%
Peru 10.5 9.4 12.1 2%
Guatemala 10.2 9.5 8.5 1.9%
France 9.0 8.4 3.4 1.7%
Haiti 7.1 10.0 8.2 1.3%
Table – II Global Export of Mangoes
Quantity (000 Tons)