1. Mu opioid receptors mediate positive reinforcement following direct or indirect activation and are central to understanding addiction. Recent data from native neurons confirms that mu receptor signaling is strongly dependent on the agonist.
2. Kappa opioid receptors (KOR) are widely expressed in the central nervous system where they mediate opioid analgesia and mood effects. Knockout mice studies show that KOR contributes to perception of visceral pain and mediates the effects of the kappa agonist U-50,488H but not morphine analgesia or reward.
3. Kappa receptors are located throughout the central nervous system including the hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray and claustrum as well as the
Neurohumoral transmission in CNS-
The term neurohumoral transmission designates the transfer of a nerve impulse from a presynaptic to a postsynaptic neuron by means of a humoral agent e.g. a biogenic amine, an amino acid or a peptide.
Neurotransmitter and neuroendocrinologyPooja Saharan
neurotransmitter description and neuroendocrinology.How alteration in the hormones secreted by pituitary and thyroid can results into emotional and behavioral problems.
THIS REFER BY THE ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY BOOK (SIX EDITION)
HELLO!
I AM MEET DESAI.
STUDENT OF A PHYSIOTHERAPY.
THIS IS MY COLLEGE PROJECT . I'M SHARING TO STUDENT LIKE ME..
THIS AVAILABLE MY LINK LIKE..https://www.linkedin.com/in/meet-desai-18296b178
THANK YOU SO MACH .TO SEE
Various neurotransmitters, mechanism of action and their physiological functions are explained and is useful for ug and pg students of medicine, neurology, psychiatry branches.
Neurohumoral transmission in CNS-
The term neurohumoral transmission designates the transfer of a nerve impulse from a presynaptic to a postsynaptic neuron by means of a humoral agent e.g. a biogenic amine, an amino acid or a peptide.
Neurotransmitter and neuroendocrinologyPooja Saharan
neurotransmitter description and neuroendocrinology.How alteration in the hormones secreted by pituitary and thyroid can results into emotional and behavioral problems.
THIS REFER BY THE ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY BOOK (SIX EDITION)
HELLO!
I AM MEET DESAI.
STUDENT OF A PHYSIOTHERAPY.
THIS IS MY COLLEGE PROJECT . I'M SHARING TO STUDENT LIKE ME..
THIS AVAILABLE MY LINK LIKE..https://www.linkedin.com/in/meet-desai-18296b178
THANK YOU SO MACH .TO SEE
Various neurotransmitters, mechanism of action and their physiological functions are explained and is useful for ug and pg students of medicine, neurology, psychiatry branches.
The all the content in this profile is completed by the teachers, students as well as other health care peoples.
thank you, all the respected peoples, for giving the information to complete this presentation.
this information is free to use by anyone.
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that your body can't function without. Their job is to carry chemical signals (“messages”) from one neuron (nerve cell) to the next target cell. The next target cell can be another nerve cell, a muscle cell or a gland.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
13. Mu receptor
• Mu opioid receptors mediate positive reinforcement following
direct (morphine) or indirect (alcohol, cannabinoids, nicotine)
activation, and our understanding of mu receptor function is central
to the development of addiction therapies. Recent data obtained in
native neurons confirm that mu receptor signaling and regulation
are strongly agonist-dependent. Current functional mapping reveals
morphine-activated neurons in the extended amygdala and early
genomic approaches have identified novel mu receptor-associated
proteins. A classification of about 30 genes either promoting or
counteracting the addictive properties of morphine is proposed
from the analysis of knockout mice data. The targeting of effectors
or regulatory proteins, beyond the mu receptor itself, might provide
valuable strategies to treat addictive disorders.
14. Kappa receptor
• What does the kappa receptor do?
• mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors are
widely expressed in the central nervous
system where they mediate the strong
analgesic and mood-altering actions of
opioids, and modulate numerous endogenous
functions.
15. cont
• mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors are widely
expressed in the central nervous system where they
mediate the strong analgesic and mood-altering
actions of opioids, and modulate numerous
endogenous functions.
• To investigate the contribution of the kappa-opioid
receptor (KOR) to opioid function in vivo, we have
generated KOR-deficient mice by gene targeting.
• We show that absence of KOR does not modify
expression of the other components of the opioid
system, and behavioral tests indicate that spontaneous
activity is not altered in mutant mice.
16. cont
• The analysis of responses to various nociceptive stimuli
suggests that the KOR gene product is implicated in the
perception of visceral chemical pain.
• We further demonstrate that KOR is critical to mediate
the hypolocomotor, analgesic and aversive actions of
the prototypic kappa-agonist U-50,488H.
• Finally, our results indicate that this receptor does not
contribute to morphine analgesia and reward, but
participates in the expression of morphine abstinence.
Together, our data demonstrate that the KOR-encoded
receptor plays a modulatory role in specific aspects of
opioid function.
17. cont
• Where is the kappa opioid receptor?
• Kappa opioid receptors are located on
dopamine axon terminals (Svingos et al.,
2001), while mu opioid receptors are not
expressed on striatal dopamine axon terminals
(Trovero et al., 1990).
18. cont
• Similar to mu opioid receptors, kappa and
delta opioid receptors reside in the periphery,
the dorsal root ganglion, the spinal cord, and
in supra spinal regions associated with pain
modulation. Both delta and kappa opioid
agonists have been shown to activate pain
inhibitory pathways in the central nervous
system.
19. Kappa agonist
• What is kappa opioid agonist?
• Promising alternatives to MOAs are kappa-
opioid agonists (KOAs); these agents have
indistinguishable analgesic properties and a
reduced side-effect profile. Development of
novel KOAs has been limited due to untoward
side-effects mediated by centrally-located
KORs, including dysphoria, sedation, and
hallucinations.
20. Kappa location
• Where are the kappa opioid receptors in the
brain?
• 1.2 Distribution of kappa opioid receptor
• Generally speaking, the KOR is spread throughout
most of the entire central nervous system, and
mainly found within the brain (hypothalamus,
periaqueductal gray, and claustrum), spinal cord
(substantiagelatinosa), and pain neurons,
including peripheral and sensory neurons.
21. cont
• Where are mu opiate receptors?
• The three mu delta and kappa opioid
receptors are major receptors for analgesia
and are expressed at central and peripheral
sites within the pain control circuits. Opioid
receptors are also largely distributed in other
neural pathways where they regulate reward
and affective states