1. Day 4 – Chapter 2
Power Up your Clicker!
Some notes on
biologywithtechnology.com

2. 2.5 Hydrogen bonds make water cohesive.

4. 2.6 Water has unusual properties that
make it critical to life.
 Cohesion
 Large heat capacity
 Low density as a solid
 Good solvent
KNOW THESE!!!!

5. Cohesion

6. Heat Capacity

7. Why do coastal areas have
milder, less variable climates
than inland areas?

8. Low Density as a Solid

10. Why don’t oceans freeze as easily
as fresh water lakes?

11. 2.7 Living systems are highly
sensitive to acidic and basic
conditions.
ACID RAIN

12. pH Scale
 The amount of H+ in a solution is a
measure of its acidity and is called pH.
 Acids
 Bases
The pH scale is logarithmic, like the Richter Scale for earthquakes: an increase in 1 on the scale
represents a ten-fold increase in the hydrogen ion concentration.
An increase of 2 represents a hundred-fold increase.
This means that Coke, with a pH of about 3.0, is 10,000 times (!) more acidic than a glass of
water, with a pH of 7.0.

14. H+ Ions and Acids
 H+ very reactive
 Acids can donate H+ to other chemicals
 Stomach acids can kill bacteria, can bind
to metals and cause them to corrode, acid
rain, Coke

15. Bases
Low H+
High OH
Antacids
Baking soda, seltzer, milk of magnesia,
household cleaners

16. • So, now that we know life is a
gentle balance of acids and bases
– how does that affect the things
we eat?

17. Four Types of Macromolecules
 Carbohydrates
 Lipids
 Proteins
 Nucleic acids

19. 2.8 Carbohydrates are macro-molecules
that function as fuel.
Health topics of
the year
 Low-carb diet?
 Hi-carb diet?
 “Carbo-loading”?
 Fiber intake?
What are
carbohydrates?

20. Carbohydrates
 C, H, and O
 Primary fuel for
organisms
 Cell structure

22. Glucose
 Most
carbohydrates—
ultimately
converted into
glucose
 Blood sugar

24. More
Carbohydrates
Cellulose (plant
based)
Chitin (shellfish)

25. Fiber
 “Roughage”
 Colon cancer prevention/reduction
 Termites ecological role

29. Fat molecules contain much more stored
energy than carbohydrate molecules.

31. 2.15 Proteins
are versatile
macromolecules
that serve as
building blocks.

32. Amino Acids
 Twenty different amino acids
 Strung together to make proteins

33. 2.16 Proteins are an essential
dietary component.
 Growth
 Repair
 Replacement

34. 2.17 Protein functions are influenced by
their three-dimensional shape.
 Peptide bonds

35. Why do some people have curly hair and
others have straight hair?

36. 2.19 Nucleic acids are macromolecules that
store information.

37. Information Storage
 The information in a molecule of DNA is
determined by its sequence of bases.
 Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
• CGATTACCCGAT

38. 2.20 DNA holds the genetic information
to build an organism.

40. RNA differs from DNA in three
important ways.
 The sugar molecule of the sugar-phosphate
backbone
 Single-stranded
 Uracil (U) replaces thymine (T)