The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis has five layers and does not contain blood vessels, while the dermis contains hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, nerves, and connects to the epidermis. Proper nutrition from foods high in vitamins A, C, D, E and K is important to maintain healthy skin.

1. Lesions. Gland Disorders. Pigmentation. Skin Cancer. Health & Prevention
MILADY
SKIN STRUCTURE,
NUTRITION & GROWTH

2. " Your skin will be with you throughout life's
journey.
Treat it well."

3. Skin Structure, Growth & Nutrition
• Skin Structure
• Functions of the skin
• Nutrition & Vitamins
• How & why cosmetologist need to be
properly informed & educated

4. • There are 100 trillion cells but only 10 trillion are
human!
• Most the other 90 trillion are bacteria, parasites & fungi
• - Demodex Folliculorum lives in human hair follicles-
up to 25 mites in 1 hair follicle!

6. DERMATOLOGY is the medical
branch of science that deals with the
study of skin, its nature, structure,
functions, diseases & treatments
DERMATOLOGIST- physician who specializes in
diseases & disorders of the skin, hair & nails- UP T0 12
YEARS of training
ESTHETICIAN- specializes in cleansing, beautification
& preservation of the health of skin on the body
Cosmetologists can clean skin, preserve health of skin
& beautify the skin; depending on state laws/regulations

7. SKIN SPECIFICS
And most important organ
3,000 square inches
Weighs about 6-9 pounds & protects muscle,
bones & nerves
Barrier against the environment
1. 2.
3. 4.

8. SKIN SPECIFICS
Healthy skin :
Is free of visible diseases, infection or injury
Slightly moist
Soft & Flexible
Slightly acidic
Immune Responses
5.

9. SKIN SPECIFICS
APPENDAGES of the skin:
Nails
Hair
Sudoriferous &
Sebaceous Glands
Calluses
Skin on Scalp:
Larger/deeper
follicles

10. • What is dermatology?
• Where is the skin the thinnest? Thickest?
• How long does a Dermatologist need
training for?
• What is the difference between Esthetician
and Dermatologist?
• What is the largest organ?
• How much does your skin weigh?
• What are some qualities of healthy skin?
• What are some appendages of the skin?

11. SKIN SPECIFICS
The skin has 3 layers but is
composed of 2 Main Divisions:
The Epidermis
The Dermis

12. EPIDERMIS-
No blood vessels; many small nerve endings; 5 layers
Horny layer; outermost; scale like,
constantly shed; cells contain keratin;
barrier function preventing water loss and
protection
Clear, transparent layer; small cells;
thicker than palms of hands/soles of feet
STRATUM CORNEUM
STRATUM LUCIDUM

13. EPIDERMIS
Granular layer; cells that look like
granules; filled with keratin; cells die as
they replace the cells that are shed
Spiny layer; where the shedding begins
Deepest layer; live layer that produces
new epidermal skin cells; contains
melanocytes; stratum basale
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
STRATUM SPINOSUM
STRATUM GERMINATIVUM

14. DERMIS- Inner layer; Derma, curium, cutis or true
skin. 25 times thicker; highly sensitive; made up of 2
layers-
PAPILLARY ( superficial )
RETICULAR ( deeper )
Papillary
Reticular

15. Tactile corpuscles
Epidermal-dermal
junction
Melanocytes
PAPILLARY LAYER
Dermal Papillae

16. RETICULAR LAYER
Fat cells
Sudoriferous/
Blood
vessels
Arrector pili
/Sebaceous
/Adipose
Hair Follicle
Lymph Vessel
Nerve

17. • 2 parts of the skin?
• Epidermis has how many layers?
• Which is the horny layer?
• Another name for the dermis?
• What are the 2 parts of the dermis?
• What are arrector pili muscles?
• What is another name for fatty tissue?
• What are the 2 types of glands?
• What else is found in the reticular layer?

18. FLUIDS OF THE SKIN- Reticular Dermis
BLOOD- delivers nutrients & oxygen to the
skin; takes away carbon dioxide. Nutrients
from food are needed for life, repair & growth
LYMPH- clear fluids of the body that bathe
the skin cells, remove toxins, cellular waste &
protect against disease;
Blood arteries & lymph vessels send smaller
branches to hair papillae, follicle & skin
glands

19. NERVES OF THE SKIN
MOTOR NERVE FIBERS are directed
to arrector pili; motor never fibers carry
impulses from brain to muscles

20. NERVES OF THE SKIN
SECRETORY NERVE FIBERS
are distributed to sweat & oil
glands; regulate excretion of
perspiration & flow of sebum to
skin

21. NERVES OF THE SKIN
SENSORY NERVE FIBERS
react to heat, cold, touch,
pressure & pain; sends
messages to the brain

22. NERVES OF THE SKIN
PAPILLARY LAYER houses nerve endings; most abundant in fingertips
Deep pressure: tendons, joints
Epithelial tissue, pain
& pressure
Hairless areas: lips,
fingertips

23. SKIN COLOR
Depends on MELANIN; hereditary, varies among races
& nationalities; Genes determine amount of pigment produced

24. MELANIN

25. MELANIN
PHEOMELANIN
EUMELANIN

26. MELANIN- Sun Protection

27. Collagen & Elastin
make up 70% of the
DERMIS; gives
strength, form &
flexibility
COLLAGEN- fibrous protein that gives
skin form & strength; allows sin to
contract & stretch; weakened fibers
result in wrinkles
ELASTIN- similar protein; gives
flexibility & elasticity; helps regain
shape after stretching & expanding

28. • What are the 2 kinds of fluid in the skin?
• Sensory nerves allow what?
• Motor nerves are responsible for?
• What layer of skin has the nerve endings?
• What makes up skin color?
• What are some ways to protect our skin?
• What is the difference between collagen and
elastin?

29. GLANDS OF THE SKIN
Sudoriferous Glands
Sweat glands; excrete perspiration & detoxify by excreting excess
salt & chemicals; SECRETORY COIL and TUBE LIKE DUCT
• All over the body, more numerous in the palms of hand, soles of
feet, forehead & underarms
• Regulates body temperature

30. GLANDS OF THE SKIN
Sebaceous Glands
Oil Glands whose ducts open into hair follicles
• Secrete SEBUM that lubricates skin
• Found everywhere but palms & soles; When sebum
hardens & the duct becomes clog, a comedo is formed

31. OPEN COMEDO
Sebum hardens & the duct becomes
clogged; black head; hair follicle filled
with dead keratinized cells & sebum

32. CLOSED COMEDO
Filled with dead cells & sebum; small
surface follicle opening; appears white & just
under the skin surface

33. • Acne vulgaris; skin disorder characterized by
chronic inflammation of the SEBACEOUS
glands
• Retained secretions & the bacteria
• ( PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES ; technical
term:
P. Acnes )
ACNE

34. PAPULE PUSTULE
Pimple; small elevation
on the skin; contains no
fluid but may develop
pus
Raised, inflammed papule
with a white /yellow center;
contains pus- referred to as
the head

35. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
SHAPES
• Sensation
• Heat regulation
• Absorption
• Protection
• Excretion
• Secretion

36. Skin disorder, fatigue, stress, depression & disease can be
caused by unhealthy diet or improper hydration
For cell repair &
replacement
Run every function on the
body
Hormones,
sebum &
absorption of fat
soluble of fat
soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
50-70 % of body's weight; needed for
EVERY function

37. USDA developed a program to help determine the
amount of food they need to eat from the 5 basic
food groups

38. DIETARY GUIDELINES

39. Protects skin from
suns UV light
Improves elasticity
& thickness; overall
health of skin
Accelerates skin
healing; fights agingPromotes rapid
healing
VITAMINS play an
important role in skins
health
13 Essential vitamins:
A,C,D,E,K & B-Complex
vitamins
A,D,E,K- fat soluble
C, B-complex- water
soluble (body uses and
loses easily - replenish!)

40. • What does the Sebaceous gland secrete?
• Where do we NOT have them?
• What is the purpose of the Sudoriferous
gland?
• What is the difference between an open and
closed comedo?
• What bacteria is responsible for acne?
• What does SHAPES stand for?
• Since what we put in our bodies reflects in
our hair, skin and nails- what are some tips
to keep our skin/body healthy?