The document discusses the history of cosmetology from ancient times to present day. It describes how various cultures like the Africans, Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, Greeks, Romans, and Europeans used makeup, hair styling, and beauty rituals. Key figures who advanced the cosmetology industry are mentioned, such as Madame C.J. Walker who created the first black hair care product line. The document concludes by noting that the 20th century brought celebrity influence which advanced trends and techniques in cosmetology through innovations. Cosmetology offers various career opportunities in hair, makeup, skincare, and business fields today.

2. 1. Appearance Enhancement
2. How trends are influenced by the history of
Cosmetology
3. Career opportunities

3. APPEARANCE
ENHANCMENT :
Hairstyling, Nails & Esthetics
KOSMETIKOS - COSMETOLOGY IS
From the ICE AGE to Oyster shells, Animal hide, Tree bark and Berries:
COSMETOLOGY IS ONE OF THE OLDEST PROFESSIONS IN THE
WORLD
AND IS DESCRIBED AS

4. THE AFRICANS
TRIBAL TRADITION, AGE,
MARTIAL STATUS & POWER
HEADDRESSES FOR SOCIAL
STATUS
& RED EARTH FOR COLORING

5. THE EGYPTIANS
BEAUTY
RELIGIOUS EVENTS
& BURIALS
First to use COSMETICS for :
Henna for hair &
nails( rich warm red )
Minerals, insects & berries created MAKE-UP
GROUND GALENA – Lead ( black mineral )
Mixed with animal fat & sulfur to make KOHL-
Help protect eyes from the sun
First to use/make
infused essential oils

6. THE EGYPTIANS
Chewed herbs, frankincense
and licorice root to freshen
breath
Shaved heads and elaborate wigs; heat, lice, hygeine
Beeswax and resin as setting lotion for remedy for balding
and greying hair, also used on their mummies
• Fat from Hippo, Crocodile, Snake, Ibex, Porcupine hair all boiled in
water; applied for 4 days
• Leg of a Female greyhound sautéed in oil with hoof of donkey
……….As irresistible alive and in the afterlife

7. QUEEN NEFERTITI
" The beautiful one has come "
One of most powerful
women to ever rule
1400 BC
Used HENNA PASTE to stain
nails, made her own makeup
from THE GALENA PLANT
and used custom made oils as
HER SIGNATURE SCENTS

8. Black kohl- lead & animal fat
Green malachite- copper rocks- JEWELERY ;
Green Meant Life
Red ochre- clay ( red by iron oxide, lips)
Employed alchemists to create makeup, enhance her charm and erect a
cosmetic factory next to the dead sea
Religious requirement to honor the Gods
Believed to protect the eyes from common diseases:
Thought to be Most Beautiful
woman to rule BUT, it was not HER
LOOKS but her charm
50 BC
QUEEN CLEOPATRA

9. THE CHINESE
1600 BC
SHANG DYNASTY
1100 BC
ZHOU DYNASTY( CHOU )
Gum Arabic, gelatin, beeswax,
egg whites- nail polish
(Crimson, ebony)
Gold & silver reserved for ROYAL
FAMILIES, anyone else wearing then
were punished by death
Created NAIL POLISH, colors & lengths represented your status

10. JAPAN
• Used safflower petals to paint
eyebrows and eyes ( eye brows were
shaved)
• Bintsuke wax sticks were used on the
lips and face prior to powder- Primer
• Rice powder or bird droppings for
light skin color
• Flowers and elaborate hair ornaments
were worn to show status

11. THE GREEKS 500 BC
"The Golden Age"
Hair length showed marital & social status( only slaves had short hair)
Vinegar & the sun were used to lighten the hair, olive oil was used for conditioning
treatments
Cosmetics were used by the rich since pale
skin was a sign of prestige & beauty. It
showed they were not working outside
Adding white lead ( toxic- early death ) or
chalk and honey/olive oil based creams made
the skin more porcelain and glowier

12. • Vermillion- red pigment made from
ground cinnabar ( Mercury )
• Red iron oxide and ochre clay or olive
oil with beeswax were used for lips &
cheeks
• Olive oil and charcoal were used as
eyeshadow
• Opium, pigeon droppings, beet root &
spices for Hair loss
• Eunuchs thought to have no hair loss
THE GREEKS
500 BC
"The Golden Age"
Unibrow was made using dark
powder, showing intelligence and
purity

13. • What is Cosmetology the study of?
• What are some reason Africans styled their hair?
• Who were the first to cultivate beauty?
• What are some beauty rituals the Egyptians followed?
• Who were the 2 most influential Egyptian women?
• What was Kohl made out of?
• Who were the first to make a nail polish that wasn’t just a stain?
• What colors were considered Royal during the Zhou Dynasty?
• How did Geisha girls make their face white?
• During the Golden Age why was pale skin seen as high society?
• What are some ways the Greeks wore their hair based off their social status?
• (ex: Wealthy, Slaves, Military men, Social/Marital )

14. Makeup was imported from China &
Germany or was made and applied
several times a day, often by slaves
called COSMETAE- Someone who
applies makeup to the wealthy
• Chalk & white lead( poisonous )
were used to lighten the skin
• Poppy, rose, wine, cinnabar, red
lead & even crocodile dung were
used on the cheeks to show wealth
& health
• Saffron, ashes & soot made kohl that
lined the eyes, applied with glass,
ivory, or bone.
• Nails were painted with a
mixture add from sheep fat &
blood
THE ROMANS

15. THE ROMANS
• Facials were made from oils,
milk, lentils, flour , vinegar,
placenta & ashes of snails to
treat sun spots
• Hair removal was done by
plucking, shaving or a resin paste
• Hair color showed social status:
NOBLE- red, MIDDLE- blonde,
POOR- black ( cheapest )
• Mice, Horse teeth, Bear fat for hair
loss
• Wear wreaths to hide hair loss
Perfume was used to show health & hid odor from cosmetics.
Made from flowers, leaves, alum, rose , roots & oil

16. THE MIDDLE AGES
476 AD- 1450Rank was shown through hair.
Intricate hair & headresses
Less wealthy - short ( less hair, less
degree of freedom)
Nobles- swore by their hair ( pull
out strands & give as present )
Bright, vibrant clothes.
Longer clothes symbolized
their reign over the social structure
Natural eyebrows, white teeth, pale
skin, cheek & lip color- No eye color
Too much makeup gave the portrayal
of a prostitute
Avicenna: Steam
distillation
Islamic Golden age

17. THE RENAISSANCE
1450-1650
• Western civilization transitioned
from medieval to modern
• White lead, mercury & vermillion
were used to whiten the skin & add
color to the cheeks & lips
Celebrated the soft, natural, graceful
curves of women

18. THE RENAISSANCE
1450-1650
Upper-class had plucked/shaved high
hairlines( bigger forehead was a sign
of intelligence ) & thin eyebrows
• Women lighten their hair
with saffron, onion skin dye,
alum, sulfur & soda
• Hats with no tops allowed
sunlight to heat ingredients
while protecting the pale
skin

19. THE VICTORIAN AGE
Queen Victoria-
Education advances, abolished slavery
1837-1901
• Most restrictive period for women.
• Pinching cheeks & biting lips were used
for color instead of cosmetics. Zinc
oxide was used to whiten the skin.
• Hair was worn simple and long
Masks of honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruit
& vegetables used to brighten & soften
the natural skin

20. THE 20TH CENTURY
Industrialization era brought motion pictures, new trends
& the ability to see celebrities with flawless skin, hair &
nails

21. 1901-1910
Charles Nessler
Max factor
Micrometer- measure
features for contouring

22. 1901-1910
Madame C.J. Walker
SARAH BREEDLOVE
( factory, hair salon, school)
1917- HAIR CULTURISTS UNION OF AMERICA
( first national meeting for businesswomen )

23. 1920s
Marcel Grateau ( Francois Marcel )
Electric version of 1872 iron created
• Before was heated on gas stove
• Seen in Bobs/shorter hair; easier than barrel curl
Cosmetic & Radio advertising grew
390,000 1927 to 3.2 million 1930
1930s
Ralph Evans, Everett McDonough
( machine less perm )

24. 1930s
1932-Lawrence Gelb
First permanent hair color- founded
CLAIROL
1935-
Max
Factor
Pancake
makeup
1938- Arnold Willat
Cold wave
( precursor to modern perm )
1932- Charles
Revson
First nail polish;
REVLON

25. 1940s-
Texture
services;
COLD
WAVE
1950s- tube
mascara;
weekly appts
faded
1960s- Vidal Sassoon
Geometric cuts 1970s- French introduced
weaving highlights with foil
1980s- Vogue
Make-up

26. 1985- Frank Shami
First ammonia free haircolor
1998- Creative Nail Design- first
pedicure system
• 21st century- no fade hair
color
• ESTHETICIANS rejuvenate
skin
• Specialization in Day &
men only spas/salons-
• Noel Decaprio- Day Spa

27. • The Romans used haircolor to show status; What was a color for the wealthy?
• In the Middle Ages women often wore makeup on lips and cheeks but not? Why?
• Who refined steam distillation to create essential oils?
• What time period did people shave their hairlines/eyebrows?
• Which time period is most restrictive; bite lips, pinch cheeks?
• Why did the 20th century bring trends to the fore front?
• Who created the first heavily wired Perm?
• What is Madame CJ Walkers real name?
• How were marcels heated before electricity?
• What 2 people created the first machine less perm?
• Who created Pancake Makeup?
• Who created the first Cold Wave?
• Who coined the term Day spa?

28. ENDLESS OPPORTUNITIES. ENDLESS EDUCATION
Haircolor Specialist
Texture Specialist
Hair cutting Specialist
Salon Trainer
Distributor Sales Consultant
Manufacturer Educator
Artistic Director
Education Director
Cosmetology Instructor
Film, Theatrical, Editorial Stylist
Creative Director
Salon Management