This document provides an overview of common skin lesions, disorders of the sebaceous and sudoriferous glands, pigmentation disorders, skin inflammations, and skin cancer. It discusses the primary causes of acne and treatments, factors that contribute to skin aging both intrinsically and from extrinsic sources like sun exposure, what contact dermatitis is and how to prevent it, and self-protection measures for professionals.

1. Lesions. Gland Disorders. Pigmentation. Skin Cancer. Health & Prevention
MILADY
SKIN DISEASES &
DISORDERS

2. THE WHY???
• Understand the two major causes of acne and how to treat them.
• List the factors that contribute to the aging of the skin.
• Explain the effects of overexposure to the sun on the skin.
• Understand what contact dermatitis is and how it can be
prevented.
• Recognize common skin lesions.
• Describe the disorders of the sebaceous glands.
• Name and describe changes in skin pigmentation.
• Identify the forms of skin cancer.

3. • Dermatologist – a physician who
specializes in diseases and disorders of
the skin
• Inflamed skin disorders, whether
infectious or not, should not be served in
the salon.

4. LESIONS OF THE SKIN
A lesion is a mark on the skin or structural
change in tissues caused by injury or disease.
PRIMARY & SECONDARY

5. PRIMARY LESIONS
BULLA- Blister
CYST- Sac containing fluid pus
MACULE-
Small, discolored spot or patch
NODULE-
Solid bump larger than .4 in
PAPULE- Pimple

6. PRIMARY LESIONS
PUSTLE- Raised, inflamed pimple
TUBERCLE- Abnormal
rounded, solid lump
TUMOR- Abnormal cell mass
VESICLE- Small blister with clear fluid
WHEAL- Itchy, swollen
lesion ( hives/bug bite )

7. SECONDARY LESIONS
CRUST- Dead cells formed over wound or blemish
EXORIATION-
Skin sore or abrasion
FISSURE- Crack in the skin

8. SECONDARY LESIONS
KELOID- Thick scar
SCALE- Thin plate of epidermal flakes
SCAR/CICATRIX- Light colored,
slightly raised mark on the skin
ULCER- Open lesion/ depression

9. SEBACEOUS GLAND DISORDERS
COMEDONES- Blackheads
MILIA- Benign, keratin filled cysts
ACNE- Pimples

10. SEBACEOUS GLAND DISORDERS
SEBACEOUS CYST- Large, protruding,
pocketlike lesion filled with sebum
SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS-
Inflammation of sebaceous glands
ROSACEA- Chronic inflammatory
congestion of the cheeks & nose

11. SUDORIFEROUS GLAND DISORDERS
ANHIDROSIS- Lack of perspiration BROMIDROSIS- Foul smelling perspiration
HYPERHIDROSIS- Excessive perspiration
MILIARIA RUBRA-
Prickly heat

12. SKIN INFLAMMATIONS
CONJUNCTIVITIS- Pink eye DERMATITIS- Inflammatory skin condition
ECZEMA- Acute, chronic lesions
( dry or moist )
HERPES SIMPLEX- Fever blisters
IMPETIGO- Weeping lesions
PSORIASIS- Common, chronic,
inflammatory disease

13. PIGMENT DISORDERS OF THE SKIN
• Pigment can be affected by internal
factors such as heredity or hormonal
fluctuations, or outside factors such as
prolonged sun exposure.
• Abnormal coloration (dyschromia)
accompanies every skin disorder and
many systemic disorders

14. PIGMENT DISORDERS OF THE SKIN
ALBINISM- Absence of melanin
CHLOASMA- Increases pigment in spots
LENTIGNES- Freckles
LEUCODERMA- Light abnormal patches
HYPERPIGMENTATION- Darker than normal
pigmentation/ dark splotches
HYPOPIGMENTATION-
Absence of pigment/ white splotches

15. PIGMENT DISORDERS OF THE SKIN
NEVUS- Birthmark
STAIN- Abnormal dark skin patches
TAN- Exposure to UV rays
VITILIGO-
Hereditary/
hypopigmented spots

16. HYTROPHIES OF THE SKIN
KERATOMA- Callus
MOLE- Brown spot/
raised
DO NOT pluck hair out
SKINTAG- Small brown or flesh colored outgrowth
VERRUCA- Wart

17. SKIN CANCER

18. SKIN CANCER

19. Acne and Problem Skin
• Retention hyperkeratosis – hereditary tendency
for acne-prone skin to retain dead cells in the
follicle
• Propionibacterium acnes – anaerobic
(cannot survive in the presence of oxygen)
• Main food source – fatty acids

20. Acne Treatment
• Cleansers and toners for oily skin
• Follicle exfoliants
• Avoidance of fatty skin-care products
• Avoidance of harsh products

21. Intrinsic Skin Aging Factors
• Genetic aging
• Gravity
• Facial expressions

22. Extrinsic Aging Factors
• Sun exposure
• Smoking
• Excessive alcohol and smoking
• Illegal drugs
• Cumulative stress
• Poor nutrition
• Exposure to pollution

23. The Sun and Its Effects
• 80 to 85 percent of aging is caused by
sun’s rays.
• UVA rays – weaken the collagen and
elastin fibers
• UVB rays – burning rays that cause
sunburn and tanning by affecting the
melanocytes

24. Sun Exposure Precautions
• Avoid prolonged exposure.
• Apply sunscreen liberally 30 minutes prior to
exposure and after swimming.
• Use full or broad-spectrum sunscreen.
• Avoid exposing children under six months old.
• Wear hat and protective clothing outdoors.

25. Dermatitis
• Medical term for abnormal skin inflammation
• Can result from contact with chemicals or tints
• Allergies from product ingredients

26. Contact Dermatitis
• Most common work-related skin disorder for cosmetology
professionals
• Caused by certain substances touching skin

27. Allergic Contact Dermatitis
• Caused when skin is allergic to an
ingredient or product
• Sensitization – an allergic reaction
created by repeated exposure to a
chemical or substance

28. Irritant Contact Dermatitis
• Caused when irritating
substances temporarily damage
the epidermis
• Examples: corrosive substances
or exfoliating agents
• Avoided by wearing gloves when
working with irritating chemicals

29. Self-Protection
• Keep tools and surroundings clean
• Proper disinfection of brush handles,
containers, surfaces, etc.).
• Wear protective gloves.
• Keep hands clean and moisturized.