Chapter 7

1. " Your skin will be with you throughout life's
journey.
Treat it well."

2. Skin Structure, Growth & Nutrition
• Skin Structure
• Functions of the skin
• Nutrition & Vitamins
• How & why cosmetologist need to be
properly informed & educated

4. DERMATOLOGY is the medical
branch of science that deals with
the study of skin, its nature,
structure, functions, diseases &
treatments
DERMATOLOGIST- physician who specializes
in diseases & disorders of the skin, hair & nails
ESTHETICIAN- specializes in cleansing,
beautification & preservation of the health of
skin on the body
Cosmetologists can clean skin, preserve health of
skin & beautify the skin; depending on state
laws/regulations

5. SKIN SPECIFICS
And most important organ
3,000 square inches
Weighs about 6-9 pounds & protects muscle,
bones & nerves
Barrier against the environment
1. 2.
3. 4.

6. SKIN SPECIFICS
Healthy skin :
Is free of visible diseases, infection or injury
Slightly moist
Soft & Flexible
Slightly acidic
Immune Responses
5.

7. SKIN SPECIFICS
APPENDAGES of the skin:
Nails
Hair
Sudoriferous &
Sebaceous Glands
Calluses
Skin on Scalp:
Larger/deeper
follicles

8. SKIN SPECIFICS
The skin has 3 layers but is
composed of 2 Main Divisions:
The Epidermis
The Dermis

9. EPIDERMIS-
No blood vessels; many small nerve endings; 5 layers
Horny layer; outermost; scale like,
constantly shed; cells contain keratin;
barrier function preventing water loss and
protection
Clear, transparent layer; small cells;
thicker than palms of hands/soles of feet
STRATUM CORNEUM
STRATUM LUCIDUM

10. EPIDERMIS
Granular layer; cells that look like
granules; filled with keratin; cells die as
they replace the cells that are shed
Spiny layer; where the shedding begins
Deepest layer; live layer that produces
new epidermal skin cells; contains
melanocytes; stratum basale
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
STRATUM SPINOSUM
STRATUM GERMINATIVUM

11. DERMIS- Inner layer; Derma, curium, cutis or true
skin. 25 times thicker; highly sensitive; made up of 2
layers-
PAPILLARY ( superficial )
RETICULAR ( deeper )
Papillary
Reticular

12. Tactile corpuscles
Epidermal-dermal
junction
Melanocytes
PAPILLARY LAYER

13. RETICULAR LAYER
Fat cells
Sudoriferous/
Blood
vessels
Arrector pili
/Sebaceous
/Adipose

14. FLUIDS OF THE SKIN- Reticular Dermis
BLOOD- delivers nutrients & oxygen to the
skin; takes away carbon dioxide. Nutrients
from food are needed for life, repair & growth
LYMPH- clear fluids of the body that bathe
the skin cells, remove toxins, cellular waste &
protect against disease;
Blood arteries & lymph vessels send smaller
branches to hair papillae, follicle & skin
glands

15. NERVES OF THE SKIN
MOTOR NERVE FIBERS are directed
to arrector pili; motor never fibers carry
impulses from brain to muscles

16. NERVES OF THE SKIN
SECRETORY NERVE FIBERS
are distributed to sweat & oil
glands; regulate excretion of
perspiration & flow of sebum to
skin

17. NERVES OF THE SKIN
SENSORY NERVE FIBERS
react to heat, cold, touch,
pressure & pain; sends
messages to the brain

18. NERVES OF THE SKIN
PAPILLARY LAYER houses nerve endings; most abundant in fingertips
Deep pressure: tendons, joints
Epithelial tissue, pain
& pressure
Hairless areas: lips,
fingertips

19. SKIN COLOR
Depends on MELANIN; hereditary, varies among races
& nationalities; Genes determine amount of pigment produced

20. MELANIN

21. MELANIN
PHEOMELANIN
EUMELANIN

22. MELANIN- Sun Protection

23. Collagen & Elastin
make up 70% of the
DERMIS; gives
strength, form &
flexibility
COLLAGEN- fibrous protein that gives
skin form & strength; allows sin to
contract & stretch; weakened fibers
result in wrinkles
ELASTIN- similar protein; gives
flexibility & elasticity; helps regain
shape after stretching & expanding

24. GLANDS OF THE SKIN
Sudoriferous Glands
Sweat glands; excrete perspiration & detoxify by excreting excess
salt & chemicals; SECRETORY COIL and TUBE LIKE DUCT
• All over the body, more numerous in the palms of hand, soles of
feet, forehead & underarms
• Regulates body temperature

25. GLANDS OF THE SKIN
Sebaceous Glands
Oil Glands whose ducts open into hair follicles
• Secrete SEBUM that lubricates skin
• Found everywhere but palms & soles; When sebum
hardens & the duct becomes clog, a comedo is formed

26. OPEN COMEDO
Sebum hardens & the duct becomes
clogged; black head; hair follicle filled
with dead keratinized cells & sebum

27. CLOSED COMEDO
Filled with dead cells & sebum; small
surface follicle opening; appears white & just
under the skin surface

28. • Acne vulgaris; skin disorder characterized by
chronic inflammation of the SEBACEOUS
glands
• Retained secretions & the bacteria
• ( PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES ; technical
term:
P. Acnes )
ACNE

29. PAPULE PUSTULE
Pimple; small elevation
on the skin; contains no
fluid but may develop
pus
Raised, inflammed papule
with a white /yellow center;
contains pus- referred to as
the head

30. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
SHAPES
• Sensation
• Heat regulation
• Absorption
• Protection
• Excretion
• Secretion

31. Skin disorder, fatigue, stress, depression & disease can be
caused by unhealthy diet or improper hydration
For cell repair &
replacement
Run every function on the
body
Hormones,
sebum &
absorption of fat
soluble of fat
soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
50-70 % of body's weight; needed for
EVERY function

32. USDA developed a program to help determine the
amount of food they need to eat from the 5 basic
food groups

33. DIETARY GUIDELINES

34. Protects skin from
suns UV light
Improves elasticity
& thickness; overall
health of skin
Accelerates skin
healing; fights agingPromotes rapid
healing
VITAMINS play an
important role in skins
health
13 Essential vitamins:
A,C,D,E,K & B-Complex
vitamins
A,D,E,K- fat soluble
C, B-complex- water
soluble (body uses and
loses easily - replenish!)

35. • What is dermatology?
• Where is the skin the thinnest? Thickest?
• 2 parts of the skin?
• Epidermis has how many layers?
• Which is the horny layer?
• Another name for the dermis?
• What are arrector pili muscles?
• Which nerve fibers are for heat, cold, touch
etc.?
• Where are nerve endings the most abundant?
• 2 types of glands?
• What does SHAPES stand for?