done by "Black Hat" group. school:Ahmed Bin Hanbal independent school for boys. Under supervision from Al-Bairaq

1. AL-Bairaq
I am Discovering Materials 13th Cycle
Manipulation of light in nanoworld
BLACK HAT
Mahmoud Sawalha - Ali Murad
Abdullah Al-Emadi - Abdulrahman Al-Sulaiti

2. Outline:
• Background on Light.
• Activities :
• ACTIVITY 1: LIGHTS AND THEIR SPECTRUM.
• ACTIVITY 2: DIFFRACTION
• Part A: Diffraction in Water Waves.
• Part B: Diffraction Simulation.
• Part C: Diffraction of light through openings.
• ACTIVITY 3: INTERFERENCE
• Part A : Making Interference Transparent.
• Part B : Two Slit Simulation.
• ACTIVITY 4: OBSERVING IRIDESCENCE
• Part A: Compact Disk.
• Part B: Peacock Feather.
• Part C: Soap Film.
• Part D: Two Colors at Once.
• Design project: LIGHT MENU
•Acknowledgment

3. Introduction
What is light?
Light is just one form of electromagnetic radiation, or
electromagnetic waves. These waves are all around us
and come in many wavelengths. Through the
workshop, we learned some of its characteristics like
diffraction, interference and iridescence.

4. Activity 1: light and their spectrum
• objective: to observe the light spectrum of different
sources of light. Example: LED, incandescent and fluorescent.
•Procedure:

5. •Results: We have noticed the difference in spectrums
with the difference of the source of lights. We can
result that:
• LED light spectrum: the light spectrum of the LED light
showed a broad band of one color range.
• Incandescent light spectrum: the light spectrum of
the Incandescent light showed a continuous and
complete spectrum.
• Fluorescent light spectrum : the light spectrum of
•the Fluorescent light showed a discrete spectrum.
Activity 1: light and their spectrum

6. Activity 2: observing diffraction
part A: diffraction in water wave
•Objective: to observe the diffraction of water as it
passes through the slit.
DIFFRACTION refers to various phenomena that
occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.
Procedure

7. Activity 2: observing diffraction
part A: diffraction in water wave
•Results: we have noticed the diffraction of the
water waves and resulted to the following points:
1. The water waves diffraction are similar to the light waves diffraction.
2. Diffraction happens when there is a slit or a barrier.
3. The smaller the width of the slit, the more visible the
Diffraction is.

8. Activity 2: observing diffraction
part B: diffraction simulation
The diffraction becomes more clear when the slit
is equal to or smaller than half of the wave length.

9. Activity 2: observing diffraction
part C: diffraction of light through opening
•Objective: to observe the diffraction of light as it
passes through the slit.
•Results: The smaller the width of the slit, the more
visible the Diffraction is.

10. Activity 3: observing interference
part A: Making interference transparent
•Objective: to observe constructive and destructive
interference by using an interference sheet.

11. Activity 3: observing interference
part B: two slits simulation
•Explanation: the waves that emerged from the two
Slits interfered together showing areas of darkness
And areas of bright light.

12. Activity 4: Observing iridescence.
•Objective: to observe iridescence in
objects like:
1.Compact disk
2.Peacock feather
3. Soap film
4.Two colors at once

13. Activity 4: Observing iridescence.
•Results: iridescence is due to thin film interference
or the structural features of the object itself.

14. Light menu
Most food industries use paper to advertise their
products or even use paper in their menus, we have
also seen some new inventions such as the smart
menus using tablets or electronic tables.
This is where light menu idea was born. To make a new
menu using LED strip lights and acrylic sheet.

15. Light menu
Materials used:
1. Acrylic sheet
2. Led strip lights
3. Drilling pen
4. Table legs

16. Light menu
•Results: menus were easily engraved on the acrylic sheet.
Upon the subjection of light to the acrylic sheet, the menu
showed in an artistic new way. The whole project was
inexpensive and can be easily manufactured by advertising
companies.

17. Light menu
Recommendations:
We recommend light menu as it is inexpensive, eco-friendly
and would be a turning point in the advertising industry.
Numbers:
in 2017 a study has been made that 1 million people eat from McDonalds
everyday. 1 million paper is being used daily just in McDonalds.
1 million*365 days*2QR= 730 million QR.

18. Light menu
Conclusion: The light menu is one of the most valuable ideas
that can be used in restaurants and the other sectors that
include menus. We can say proudly that the light menu has
benefited the environment by showing the menus in a way
that paper wont be used in it and can be renewed at a very
low-cost for advertising companies, restaurants and the
environment.

19. Acknowledgment
Many thanks to the bairaq team and Dr. Nora Al- thani for
giving us the opportunity to participate in this year cycle .
Also, We would like to thank everyone that helped us through
this competition from parents, teachers and friends.
A special thanks to Mrs.Enas and Mr.Ayesh and our school
Ahmed Bin Hanbal secondary school.