Instructional design Akram Jabar Najim University of Baghdad

2. University of Baghdad
Collage of Education / Ibn Rushed for
Human Sciences
Department of English
M.A. Study
Instructional Design
A Week Papers
Submitted by:
M.A Candidate : Akram J. N. Nasser
Methods Of Teaching English
Supervisor by Asst. Prof. Dr.
Bushra Saadoon M. Al-Noori
2020 H.A 1441
A.H

5. What is Instructional Design?
Sara McNeil defines the Instructional
design as a:
Process: Instructional Design is the
systematic development of instructional
specifications using learning and
instructional theory to ensure the quality
of instruction. It is the entire process of
analysis of learning needs and goals and
the development of a delivery system to
meet those needs. It includes
development of instructional materials
and activities; and tryout and evaluation
of all instruction and learner activities.
Instructional Design is the process of
using our knowledge of how people
learn to guide our choices of
instructional sequences and strategies
to meet the needs of the learners and
desired learning outcomes.

6. The process consists broadly of
determining the state and needs of the
learner, defining the end goal of instruction,
and creating some "intervention" to assist in
the transition. The outcome of this
instruction may be directly observable and
scientifically measured or completely
hidden and assumed. There are many
instructional design models but many are
based on the ADDIE model with the five
phases:
Analysis, Design, Development,
Implementation and Evaluation.
The purpose of Instructional Design is to
"identify the skills, knowledge and the
attitude gaps of a targeted audience, and to
create select and suggest learning
experiences that close this gap" (Connie
Malamed). In other words, the purpose of
Instructional Design is partially the same as
the purpose of all technological devices we
use; to save us time and make learning
easier and more effective. Instructional
Design aims to compress the learning

7.  The purpose of Instructional Design is to
"identify the skills, knowledge, and the
attitude gaps of a targeted audience, and to
create select and suggest learning
experiences that close this gap" (Connie
Malamed). In other words, the purpose of
Instructional Design is partially the same as
the purpose of all technological devices we
use; to save us time and make learning
easier and more effective. Instructional
Design aims to compress the learning
process and fill the gaps in our knowledge in
the most effective way.
 The instructional design process consists
of determining the needs of the learners,
defining the end goals and objectives of
instruction, designing and planning
assessment tasks, and designing teaching
and learning activities to ensure the quality
of instruction.
 There are many instructional design
models. For instance, Dick and Carey
developed a nine-step model.

8. Instructional Systems Design is an
organized procedure that includes
steps of analyzing designing,
developing, implementing and
evaluating instruction.
ADDIIE:
(wikipedia.org/wiki/ADDIE_Model#A
nalysis_Phase)
 - Analyzing – Assessing the learning
and defining what is to be learned
 - Designing – the process of
specifying how it is to be learned
 - Developing – the process of
authoring and producing the
instructional materials
 - Implementation – is actually using
the materials and strategies in
context
 - Evaluating – is the process of
determining the adequacy of the

11. References:
 - Reiser, R.A and Dempsey, J.V. (Eds.)
(2002). Trends and Issues in
Instructional Design and Technology.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice
Hall.
 - Cite this article as: Kurt, S.
"Instructional Design," in Educational
Technology, December 9, 2016.
Retrieved
from https://educationaltechnology.net/i
nstructional-design/
 - Christopher Pappas,
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN, What Does
An Instructional Designer Do?, March
21, 2013