E-Learning In Teaching, BushraAlnoori M.A Candidate : Akram Jabar Najim

1. UniversityofBaghdad
Collageof Education/IbnRushedforHumanSciences
Departmentof English
M.A.Study
E-Learning In Teaching
A Term Paper
Submitted by:
M.A Candidate : Akram Jabar Najim
Methods Of Teaching English
Supervisor by Asst. Prof. Dr.
Bushra Saadoon M. Al-Noori
2020 H.A

2. 1441 A.H
Introduction
Section One
1 - 1- E-Learning Background: The History of e-Learning
1 - 2- What is e-Learning?
1 - 3- E-Learning in Education: An Educational Revolution
1 - 4- E-learning theory: communal construction
1 - 5- Best E-Learning Tools in 2019
Some kinds of e-learning tools that can meet the needs of its users.
1-5-1- iSpring Suite 8.1
1- 5 -2- Articulate Storyline 2
1- 5- 3- Adobe Captivate 9
1- 5- 4- TechSmith’s Camtasia
1- 6- Types of E-learning
1- 6- 1- Computer Managed Learning (CML)
1- 6- 2- Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
1- 6- 3- Synchronous Online Learning
1- 6- 4 Asynchronous Online Learning
1- 6- 5 Fixed E-Learning
1- 6- 6- Adaptive E-Learning
1- 6- 7- Linear E-Learning
1- 6- 8- Interactive Online Learning
1- 6- 9- Individual Online Learning
2- 6- 10- Collaborative Online Learning
Section Two
2- 1- E-learning is a gate of endless development
2- 2- Conclusion

3. 2-3- References
Introduction
It is one of the means that supports the educational process and its transformation
from the stage of indoctrination to the stage of creativity, interaction and skill
development, and collects all electronic forms of teaching and learning, where the
latest methods are used in the fields of teaching, publishing and entertainment by
adopting computers, storage media and networks. The rapid transfers in the field of
technology have led to the emergence of new patterns of learning and education,
which have further entrenched the conceptof individual or self-education, whereby
the learner continues his learning according to his energy, ability and speed of his
learning according to his previous experiences and skills. E-learning is one of these
evolving patterns of so-called distance learning in general, and computer-based
education in particular. E-learning mainly relies on computers and networks for
transferring knowledge and skills. Its applications include online learning, computer
learning, virtual classrooms and digital collaboration. Online tutorial content, audio
tapes, videos and discs are offered.
Also, We can say understanding e-Learning is simple. E-Learning is learning
utilizing electronic technologies to access educational curriculum outside of a
traditional classroom. In most cases E-Learning refers to a course, program or degree
delivered completely online. There are many terms used to describe learning that is
delivered online, via the internet, ranging from Distance Education, to computerized
electronic learning, online learning, internet learning and many others. We define
eLearning as courses that are specifically delivered via the internet to somewhere
other than the classroom where the professoris teaching. It is not a course delivered
via a DVD or CD-ROM, video tape or over a television channel. It is interactive in
that you can also communicate with your teachers, professors orother students in
your class. Sometimes it is delivered live, where you can “electronically” raise your
hand and interact in real time and sometimes it is a lecture that has been prerecorded.

4. There is always a teacher or professorinteracting / communicating with you and
grading your participation, your assignments and your tests. eLearning has been
proven to be a successfulmethod of training and education is becoming a way of life
for many learners. From what we said above, we can define the e-learning as, It is an
interactive system of education that provides the learner with the use of
communication and information technologies, and depends on an integrated digital
electronic environment that displays the courses across the electronic networks, and
provides guidance and guidance, organizing tests as well as managing and evaluating
resources and processes. Theimportance of e-learning lies in solving the problem of
the knowledge explosion and the increasing demand for education and expanding
opportunities for admission to education, in addition to enabling training and
education of workers without leaving their jobs and contributing to breaking
psychological barriers between the teacher and the learner as well as satisfying the
needs and characteristics of the learner while raising the return on investment by
reducing the costof education.

5. Section One
1-1- E-Learning Background:The History of e-Learning
The British philosopher Francis Bacon stated, already in the 1600s, “Knowledge is
power”. The one who has knowledge thereby has power – the unskilled is powerless.
But power is also knowledge. The one that has power also has power over the
knowledge – power over what knowledge that is to be developed and power over
how this knowledge should be used. It concerns power over nature, power over
people and their thoughts, power over what is believed to be knowledge (Therein,
2007, p. 147, translation ours.)
Regardless if it is e-learning or traditional on campus education or in any else place.
education has a large and vital role to play for people in the world. As Säljö (2000)
has pointed out, learning and knowledge are important factors, linked to people’s
perceptions of economic as well as social development. Groups ofpeople who are
categorised as highly educated have a higher competitiveness in relation to receiving
skilled jobs and therefore, better possibilities to improve their lives (Säljö, 2000). The
education has a more profound implication on people’s lives. Andersson(2010)
referred to Sen (1999), who discussed the two topics of equal right to education and
freedom. Sen believed that education is an enabler for individuals to live the life
chosen by them. Furthermore, he argued that education also makes people capable of
developing their full potential as well as leading creative, productive lives.
In the mid-nineteenth century correspondenceeducation was developed in Europe
(namely in Great Britain, France, Germany) and in the U.S.A and spread swiftly. The
first official recognition of education by correspondencewas from 1883 to 1891 by
the Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts (Bizhan, 1997) . In the late 1800s the
University of Wisconsin and the University of Chicago were among the premier
universities to establish major correspondenceprograms in the United States. By the
late 1960s and early 1970s significant changes had occurred in long distance learning

6. due to the development of new media technologies and delivery systems (Karatekin,
2001).
As a result of successesin satellite communications that began in 1965, there were
increasing levels of experimentation with transmitting educational programs via
satellites by colleges and universities. By the 1970s, many tools were commonly used
for long distance education including videotapes, programmed instructions, the
television, and the telephone. There were also advances in the quality and
accessibility of previously used media such as slides and film.
Long distance education grew at an unprecedented pace in the 1990s. The advent of
the Internet and digital applications, combined with the changing demographics of
the distance education learner, added a whole new dimension to long distance
education. These new technologies brought and continue to bring educational
opportunity to the nontraditional student, and the lure of economic prosperity to
higher educational institutions. Society has moved from a society characterized by
the living conditions of industrialism to the present knowledge society where
creativity and ingenuity stimulates and drives the society (Hargreaves, 2003).
Hargreaves writes that: “a knowledge society is really a learning society…
knowledge societies process information and knowledge in ways that maximize
learning stimulate ingenuity and invention, and develop the capacity to initiate and
copewith change” (p. 3). Earlier societies were characterized almost exclusively by
an educational system where teachers and students physically interacted in the
classroom. Major technological developments characterizing society – especially
during the last 20 years and mostly because of the Internet (Castells, 2001) – have
changed our view of education. Today, for example, we are talking about concepts
such as “the flipped classroom” (Knewton, n.d.). This conceptrefers, among other
things, to the way that teachers and students in today educational systems use
different information and communication technologies (ICTs) for teaching and
learning activities in classrooms.

7. Another conceptthat has emerged during the last 15 to 20 years is “e-learning”.
According to Laurillard (2004), e-learning describes the interaction in which students
use different types of ICTs in their learning process.Education in a knowledge
society context is given a key role for developing new ideas in learning and teaching
through e-learning (Kahiigi, Ekenberg, Danielson, & Hansson, 2007). Many research
studies demonstrate that ICTs and e-learning are important for teachers and students
(Bhuasiri, Ciganek, Rho, Xaymoungkhoun, & Zo, 2012; Kirkwood, 2009). One
reason is that utilization of such technologies creates more flexible solutions for
students that mainly have the opportunity to study online – regardless of the student’s
geographical location. Current research also suggests that another important change
that ICT and e-learning brings is increased flexibility, making it possible for
universities around the world to enrol an increased number of students an aspect
beneficial to the universities from an economic point of view. However, another
element of e-learning to be mentioned here is that its implementation in teaching – at
the shift between traditional teaching and e-learning based teaching – has also proven
relatively expensive (The World Bank, 2000). There seems though to be a common
understanding among researchers that the use of e-learning in higher education, in the
long run, is far more costeffective compared to education being conducted in a more
traditional way.
1- 2- What is e-Learning?
E-learning unites two main areas, learning and technology. Learning is a cognitive
process forachieving knowledge, and technology is an enabler of the learning
process, meaning that technology is used like any other tool in the education praxis,
as is a pencil or a notebook, for example. Although this seems quite simplistic and
logical, a pencil is more technologically transparent tool, and its use may therefore
seem more natural to many. Furthermore, technology underpins other problematic
situations because it includes various dimensions. E-learning systems aggregate
various tools, such as writing technologies, communication technologies,
visualization, and storage.

8. For these reasons, researchers and scientists have sought to transform e-learning
systems into technically transparent tool, like a pencil or notebook. The e-learning
literature is vast and continues to grow steadily (Aparicio, Bacao, & Oliveira,
2014b). Investigating e-learning systems’ adoption and usage reveals that continuous
growth everywhere in the world, as well (OECD, 2012). The growth rate of on-line
courses stands at 65% (Means, Toyama, Murphy, Bakia, & Jones, 2009), and some
researchers suggest that at a governmental level, policies should be advocated
enabling the e-learning usage (Kong et al., 2014).
E-Learning is an interactive learning system that provides the learner with the use of
communication and information technologies and depends on an integrated digital
electronic environment that displays courses across electronic networks, provides
guidance and guidance, organizes tests as well as managing and evaluating resources
and processes. Theimportance of e-learning lies in solving the problem of the
knowledge explosion and the increasing demand for education and expanding
opportunities for admission to education, in addition to enabling training and
education of workers without leaving their jobs and contributing to breaking
psychological barriers between the teacher and the learner as well as satisfying the
needs and characteristics of the learner while raising the return on investment by
reducing the costof education .
It is one of the means that supports the educational process and its transformation
from the stage of indoctrination to the stage of creativity, interaction and skill
development and collects all electronic forms of teaching and learning, where the
latest methods are used in the fields of teaching, publishing and entertainment by
adopting computers, storage media and networks. The rapid transfers in the field of
technology have led to the emergence of new patterns of learning and education,
which have further entrenched the conceptof individual or self-education, whereby
the learner continues his learning according to his energy, ability and speed of his
learning according to his previous experiences and skills.

9. E-learning is one of these evolving patterns of so-called distance learning in general,
and computer-based education in particular. E-learning mainly relies on computers
and networks for transferring knowledge and skills. Its applications include online
learning, computer learning, virtual classrooms and digital collaboration. Online
tutorial content, audio tapes, videos and discs are offered.
Also, We can say understanding e-Learning is simple. E-Learning is learning
utilizing electronic technologies to access educational curriculum outside of a
traditional classroom. In most cases E-Learning refers to a course, program or degree
delivered completely online. There are many terms used to describe learning that is
delivered online, via the internet, ranging from Distance Education, to computerized
electronic learning, online learning, internet learning and many others. We define
eLearning as courses that are specifically delivered via the internet to somewhere
other than the classroom where the professoris teaching. It is not a course delivered
via a DVD or CD-ROM, video tape or over a television channel. It is interactive in
that you can also communicate with your teachers, professors orother students in
your class. Sometimes it is delivered live, where you can “electronically” raise your
hand and interact in real time and sometimes it is a lecture that has been prerecorded .
There is always a teacher or professorinteracting / communicating with you and
grading your participation, your assignments and your tests. eLearning has been
proven to be a successfulmethod of training and education is becoming a way of life
for many learners.
From what we said above, we can define the e-learning as, It is an interactive system
of education that provides the learner with the use of communication and information
technologies, and depends on an integrated digital electronic environment that
displays the courses across the electronic networks, and provides guidance and
guidance, organizing tests as well as managing and evaluating resources and
processes.The importance of e-learning lies in solving the problem of the knowledge
explosion and the increasing demand for education and expanding opportunities for
admission to education, in addition to enabling training and education of workers

10. without leaving their jobs and contributing to breaking psychological barriers
between the teacher and the learner as well as satisfying the needs and characteristics
of the learner while raising the return on investment by reducing the costof
education.
1- 3- E-Learning in Education: An EducationalRevolution
The impact of the electronically connected world on the learning and training of
individuals and organizations is the primary revolution in Education. The 21st
century is Globalization and Telematics (computers connected to networks). They
denote the emergence of new global cultural forms, media, technologies of
communication and most significantly, the Telematics revolution (Vasanthi, 2001).
The effects of e-Learning on the training professionare revolutionary, challenging
most of its basic tenets. The change comes from outside influences: new players in
other disciplines, forces in the supplier market, and the kind of learning that
technology is increasingly making possible. Using interactive technologies can bring
huge benefits to the way we teach and learn, but at the moment there is not enough of
it happening in this country. All learners, from pre- schoolto lifelong learning, can
benefit from mixing these new technologies with other forms of study. We must
make sure those benefits are universal.
The first wave of the e-Learning revolution was and still is mainly focused on
delivery Learning Management Systems (LMS), to organize the delivery of learning
material; Learning Content Management Systems (LCMS) to create the learning
material; Virtual Learning Environments (VLE) to deliver learning. In fact, the use of
the learning’ is hardly accurate, as the reality of the provision is still mainly about
training. Although we know that probably more than 80% of what we learn is learned
informally, the first wave of e-Learning has been almost exclusively focused on
formal learning.

11. The newest conceptof 'blended learning' reinforces the focus on the delivery
mechanism mixing face to face and distance training. We have not moved very far
beyond the simplistic vision of e-Learning as 'technology enhanced learning
(Learning citizen, 2005). Also, The first wave of e-Learning technology mainly
organisation-center, the e-Learning places the focus on the need to develop a new
generation of tools that are completely centered on the person. And in doing so, the e-
Learning as individual learning planner, or continuing professional development
planner, or personal knowledge management toolbox can becomethe hub, from
which each individual will have the power to join, create and organize learning
communities, at learners schoolor the university, professional association, workplace
or local community. The e-Learning is the expression of learning as social activity. In
early e-Learning systems, the social dimension of learning was generally catered for
by 'enhancing' basic delivery mechanisms of training material, through the adjunct of
synchronous or asynchronous discussions.
1- 4- E-learning theory: communal construction
Communal constructivism is an approachto learning in which students not only
constructtheir knowledge (constructivism) as a result of interacting with the
environment (Social Constructivism), but also are actively engaged in the process of
constructing knowledge for their learning environment. Holmes et al. (2001) have
suggested that the advent of new educational technologies warrant a new kind of
educational theory - 'communal constructivism.' Social constructivism, as a broad
theoretical framework regarding how people learn, argues that learning, taking place
within 'situated' learning contexts, is optimised (Oliver and Herrington, 2000). It is
frequently suggested, however, that while traditional teaching methods prove largely
inadequate for cultivating suchenvironments, C&IT-enabled approaches to learning
are particularly adept at doing so.

12. Modern approaches to teaching and learning, such as constructivism, which involves
the active formation and adaptation of thoughts and ideas (Howe and Berv, 2000),
problem-based learning and experiential learning, assume that knowledge is acquired
through social negotiation, experience and reflection. This construction results from
two different types of interaction in the learning process (Bates, 1991). At the outset,
this is an individual affair between the learner and the learning material, which may
range from the traditional textbook to computer-based simulations. The second is a
social activity, between the learner and the tutor, the facilitator or other learners.
Cognitive restructuring occurs as learners revise their ways of thinking to provide a
better fit to reality when faced with discrepancies between their own ways of viewing
the world and new information (Rogoff, 1990). Social interaction with tutors and
facilitators is expected to promote development through the guidance provided by
interaction with people who are skilled in solving the problems emerging from the
learning activities (Rogoff, 1990).
1-5- BestE-Learning Tools in 2019
E-learning tools are used by most of the educational institutions either to replace or
improve training models and traditional learning models. This technology innovation
brings a smooth move from traditional training to web design courses. There are
different benefits of these e-learning tools like:
- A learner can study on their own time and on their device
-Saving money on lectures and travel expenses
-Training can be tailored according to learner’s needs
-A teacher can access data on user achievements

13. Some kinds of e-learning tools that can meet the needs of its users.
1-5-1-iSpring Suite 8.1
it is the flagship desktop productby iSpring for content developers, trainers, and
other e-Learners. iSpring Suite 8.1 is a fully stocked toolkit works as an add-in for
Microsoft PowerPoint and adds several features which you cannot find in any other
eLearning tool. The software turns your presentations in several multimedia e-
courses, which can be used in any LMS or regular HTML site. Your courses don’t
need additional attention to be compatible with any tablet or mobile device because
they are very responsive. iSpring Solutions, Inc. produces a lot of easy e-learning
products like Presenter and Quiz Maker to create video lectures and tests. iSpring
Suite is perfect for authoring e-learning courses for all educational aspects. Whether
teachers are experienced or new in e-course authoring, they can find help to create e-
learning modules easily.
1-5-2-Articulate Storyline 2
Articulate Storyline is a powerful tool for building interactive e-learning modules and
online courses. The interface is similar to PowerPoint, but offers significantly more
functionality and options for publishing as an HTML5 webpage. Articulate Storyline
can be used to producesimulations, quizzes, drag-and-drop interactions, screen
recordings, and many other e-learning objects that users can interact with. Articulate
Storyline can be used if you want to create learning modules that present information
in a non-linear or unconventional format, or modules that require a significant
amount of interactive features. Articulate Storyline is widely used for higher
education and corporatetraining. This software also helps create interactions,
educational games, ads, and presentations. It is a professional toolwith complex
features which have a learning curve.

14. 1-5-3-Adobe Captivate 9
AdobeCreative 9 is eLearning toolkit for interactive and responsive eLearning
content. It enables you to update your storyboards which have eLearning elements
and publish it to the cloud for digital viewing. So, it needs no additional software or
app. Like with another program, Adobe Captivate 9 helps you to import PowerPoint
presentations in e-learning projects. It seems to be ideal for companies and large-
scale businesses to develop training courses. It offers a huge educational discount. It
supports collaborative learning to promote e-learning for educators and students.
1-5-4-TechSmith’s Camtasia
Camtasia is a video editing and screen recording utility which you can use to deliver
e-courses for business and education. You can edit and customize content on both
Mac and Windows and share results on any device having YouTube. Camtasia helps
both educators and teachers to engage and motivate students by making video
lessons. Camtasia can be used in the workplace to create presentations to share with
staff across the companies. Camtasia is widely used in educational institutions and by
students and parents.
1-6- Types of E-learning
Some educational scientists have identified types of e-learning according to learning
tools, while others have chosen to focus on different metrics such as synchronicity
and learning content. There are 10 easily distinguishable types of e-learning. These
are the 10 different types of e-learning:
1. Computer Managed Learning (CML).
2. Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI).
3. Synchronous Online Learning.
4. Asynchronous Online Learning.

15. 5. Fixed E-Learning.
6. Adaptive E-Learning.
7. Linear E-Learning.
8. Interactive Online Learning.
9. Individual Online Learning.
10. Collaborative Online Learning.
Alternatively, some educational scientists have chosento classify e-learning types
more simply. They identify just two primary types of e-learning: computer-based e-
learning and internet-based e-learning. This method of classification could be seen as
more accurate because it differentiates e-learning from online learning, the two of
which are often incorrectly used interchangeably. Some forms of e-learning such as
CML and CAL are not required to take place online, but they are considered types of
e-learning nonetheless.
1-6-1-Computer ManagedLearning (CML)
In the case of computer-managed learning (CML), also known as Computer Managed
Instruction (CMI), computers are used to manage and assess learning processes.
Computer managed learning systems operate through information databases. These
databases contain bits of information which the student has to learn, together with a
number of ranking parameters which enables the system to be individualized
according to the preferences of each student.
As a result of two-way communication between the student and the computer,
determinations can be made as to whether the student achieved their learning goals on
a satisfactory level. If not, then the processes canbe repeated until the student has
achieved their desired learning goals. Additionally, educational institutions use
computer-managed learning systems for storing and retrieving information which
aids in educational management. This could mean information such as lecture
information, training materials, grades, curriculum information, enrolment
information among others.
1-6-2-Computer AssistedInstruction (CAI)

16. Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI), also sometimes referred to as computer-
assisted learning (CAL), is another type of e-learning which uses computers together
with traditional teaching. This could mean interactive software for the students or the
kind of training software used by Patrick Suppes ofStanford University in 1966.
Computer-assisted training methods use a combination of multimedia such as text,
graphics, sound, and video in order to enhance learning. The primary value of CAI is
interactivity – it allows students to become active learners instead of passive learners,
by utilizing various methods such as quizzes and other computer-assisted teaching
and testing mechanisms. Most schools nowadays, bothonline and traditional, use
different variations of computer-assisted learning to facilitate the development of
skills and knowledge in their students.
1-6-3-Synchronous Online Learning
Synchronous online learning enables groups of students to participate in a learning
activity together at the same time, from any place in the world. Real-time
synchronous online learning often involves online chats and videoconferencing, as
these tools allow training participants and instructors to ask and answer questions
instantly while being able to communicate with the other participants. This kind of
community-oriented online learning has been made possible with the rapid
development of online learning technologies.
Before the invention of computer networks in the 1960s, truly synchronous e-learning
was practically impossible to implement. Nowadays, synchronous e-learning is
considered to be highly advantageous as it eliminates many of the common
disadvantages of e-learning, such as social isolation and poorteacher-to-student and
student-to-student relationships. Synchronous e-learning is currently one of the most
popular and quickest growing types of e-learning.
1-6-4-Asynchronous Online Learning
In the case of asynchronous online learning, groups of students study independently
at different times and locations from each other, without real-time communication

17. taking place. Asynchronous e-learning methods are often considered to be more
student-centered than their synchronous counterparts, as they give students more
flexibility. For these reasons, asynchronous e-learning is often preferred by students
who do not have flexible schedules, because it allows them to utilize self-paced
learning. They can set their own timeframes for learning, and they are not required to
learn at specific time intervals together with other students. Before the invention of
the PLATO computer system, all e-learning was considered to be asynchronous, as
there were no methods of computer networking available. However, nowadays, with
the availability of computers and the World Wide Web, deciding between
synchronous and asynchronous e-learning becomes a more difficult task, as each has
their pros and cons.
1-6-5-Fixed E-Learning
Fixed e-learning is a fancy name for something you are likely already familiar with.
“Fixed” in this context means that the content used during the learning process does
not change from its original state and all the participating students receive the same
information as all the others. The materials are predetermined by the teachers and
don’tadapt to the student’s preferences. This type of learning has been the standard
in traditional classrooms for thousands of years, but it’s not ideal in e-learning
environments. That is because fixed e-learning does not utilize the valuable real-time

18. data gained from student inputs. Analyzing each student individually through their
data and making changes to the materials according to this data leads to better
learning outcomes for all students
1-6-6-Adaptive E-Learning
Adaptive e-learning is a new and innovative type of e-learning, which makes it
possible to adapt and redesign learning materials for each individual learner. Taking a
number of parameters suchas student performance, goals, abilities, skills, and
characteristics into consideration, adaptive e-learning tools allow education to
become more individualized and student-centered than ever before. We are now at a
point in time where laboratory-based adaptive instructional techniques can be used
for mathematical sequencing of student data. When done correctly, this could mean a
new era for educational science. While this type of e-learning can be more difficult to
plan and accomplish than traditional teaching methods, it’s potential value and
effectiveness is often understated.
1-6-7-Linear E-Learning
When referring to human-computer interaction, linear communication means that
information passes from sender to receiver, without exception. In the caseof e-
learning, this becomes a very limiting factor, as it does not allow two-way
communication between teachers and students.
This type of e-learning does have its place in education, although it’s becoming less
relevant with time. Sending training materials to students through television and radio
programs are classic examples of linear e-learning.

19. 1-6- 8- Interactive Online Learning
Interactive e-learning allows senders to become receivers and vise versa, effectively
enabling a two-way communication channel between the parties involved. From the
messages sent and received, the teachers and students can make changes to their
teaching and learning methods. For this reason, interactive e-learning is considerably
more popular than linear, as it allows teachers and students to communicate more
freely with each other.
1-6- 9- Individual Online Learning
Individual learning in this context refers to the number of students participating in
achieving the learning goals, rather than the student-centeredness of the material.
This type of learning has been the norm in traditional classrooms for thousands of
years. When practicing individual learning, the students study the learning materials
on their own (individually), and they are expected to meet their learning goals on
their own. This type of learning is not ideal for developing communicational skills
and teamwork abilities in students, as it largely focuses on students learning
independently, without communication with other students. Therefore, a more
modern approachis necessary to supplant the communicational of skills and abilities.
1-6- 10-Collaborative Online Learning
Collaborative e-learning is a modern type of learning method, through which multiple
students learn and achieve their learning objectives together as a group. Students have

20. to work together and practice teamwork in order to achieve their common learning
objectives. This is done through the formation of effective groups, where each
individual student has to take into account the strengths and weaknesses of each other
student. This boosts the communicational skills team working abilities of the
students. Collaborative e-learning expands on the idea that knowledge is best
developed inside a group of individuals where they can interact and learn from each
other. While this type of learning is more often used in traditional classrooms than in
online courses, it’s still a valid type of e-learning which can be highly effective if
done correctly.
SectionTwo
2- 1 E-learning is a gate of endless development
"The next big killer on the Internet will be education. Online education will be so
great that it will make email use seem like a rough mistake." Cisco Systems CEO,
John Chambers ,(COMDEX 1999).
During the last years there has been considerable research and development into the
use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for learning. E-Learning
environments have become readily available during the last 5 years. Just-In- Time
learning, any time, at the learners’ own pace, at any place, and flexible learning
styles, the future looks bright. The aim of e-Learning was to make the computer the
instructor, resulting in an approach that took the traditional classroominstructional
model into a virtual environment. Consequently, for the most part it resulted in
putting text and courses online - delivering basically conventional educational
products and services such as manuals, textbooks, papers, training courses, lessons
and workshops in a new way. As technology developed, especially in the context of
the Internet and a web-based world, the technical sophistication and methods of
delivery have improved significantly. Hence there are “first generation” applications

21. that are technically unsophisticated (i.e. presenting content messages online as vast
scrolls of text or slide presentations that learners scroll or click to view), alongside
other applications that are highly sophisticated (i.e. incorporating a high degree of
interactivity, animation, streamed video, multiple choice learning assessment and
video-game-style simulations where learners are expected to progress through various
lessons, or levels of learning, until they are able to demonstrate pre-defined
competence according to the testing systems built into the learning modules).
Today, the Internet and the World Wide Web have promoted learning activities that
provide a high degree of interaction between learners and geographically separated
teachers. E-learning platforms have become one of the ten largest current IT issues in
higher education (McGee 2003).
Technology directly affects supply, interactivity, costand educational context design.
Other notable components include instructional design, the impact of assessmentand
accreditation, characters, motivations, teaching and learning methods for participants,
and hidden curricula included in all formal education contexts.
2-2 Conclusion:
Online learning has features that cater to these modern learner preferences – hence
its rise in popularity. With online learning, your learners can access content anywhere
and anytime. They don’tneed to take time out from their jobs to attend classes. E-
learning is also cost-effective; companies save a substantial amount on the travel and
accommodation costs ofboth learners and instructors, as well as the venue and
materials. No printing helps reduce your carbonfootprint, too. Through e-learning.
modern learners prefer bite-sized, interactive content. They would rather watch a
video or listen to a podcastthan read through pages of a manual. E-learning tools
enable learning designers to make content interactive. The more engaging the content
is, the better the learners remember information. If they enjoy learning, they can able
to recall and apply the concepts at work. Also, In face-to-face sessions, every

22. instructor has his or her own method of teaching. Each varies in approachand style
and is susceptible to mistakes. You can eliminate these issues with e-learning. Online
learning provides consistent and standardized training every time. Each learner goes
through the same experience regardless of when and where he or she takes the course.
Each learner has unique preferences and learning goals. E-learning makes it possible
to cater to individual needs. It allows learners to choosetheir learning path and
navigate at their own pace.
2-3 References
-Teaching in the Knowledge Society: Education in the Age of Insecurity. Andy
Hargreaves. Teachers College Press, Jan 1, 2003 - Education - 230 pages. 1 Review.
We are living in a defining moment, when the world in which teachers do their work
is changing, profoundly.01/1/ 2003
-Hargreaves, A. (2003). Teaching in the knowledge society: Education in the age of
insecurity. New York: Teachers College Press.
-Kenneth R. Howe and Jason Berv. (2000). “Constructing constructivism,
epistemological and pedagogical.” In Constructivism in education, edited by D. C.
Phillips, 19-40. Illinois: The National Society for the Study of Education.
https://www.ispringsolutions.com/blog/ispring-suite-8-1-is-out
https://www.udemy.com/course/articulate-storyline2/
https://www.tgceastdelhi.com/
https://e-student.org/types-of-e-learning/
https://sg.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/102170/12/12_chapter%202.pdf
https://www.tgceastdelhi.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-learning_(theory)

23. https://trainingindustry.com/articles/e-learning/5-advantages-of-e-learning/