2. OBJECTIVES
1. MEANING OF CONVENTIONAL SOURCES
2. ACTIVITY – 14.3
3. FOSSIL FUELS
4.THERMAL POWER
5. HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER
3. WHAT ARE CONVENTIONAL SOURCES
OF ENERGY ???
• Energy that has been used since ancient times is called as conventional energy.
• Coal, natural gas, oil and firewood are some of it’s examples.
• A few forms of conventional sources of energy are listed below….
1. Fossil fuels.
2. Thermal energy.
3. Hydroelectric energy.
4. ACTIVITY – 14.3
Take a table-tennis ball & make three slits in it.
Insert semicircular fins cut out of a metal sheet.
Pivot the T.T. ball on an axle with a straight metal wire
fixed to a rigid support.
Ensure that the ball rotates freely about the axle.
Connect a cycle dynamo to the assembly.
Direct a jet of steam or water produced in a pressure
cooker on the fins.
Principle : conversion of mechanical energy into
5. FOSSIL FUELS
• WOOD AND COAL ARE THE MOST COMMON FOSSIL FUEL.
• FOSSIL FUELS ARE LIMITED IN NATURE AND ARE NON-RENEWABLE.
• THEY ARE FORMED FROM DECAYING REMAINS OF PLANTS AND ANIMAL.
• BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS CONVERTS CHEMICAL BONDS INTO HEAT AND
LIGHT.
• CHEMICAL ENERGY IN FOSSIL FUELS IS HOWEVER MORE CONCENTRATED.
• SOME EXAMPLES ARE…. COAL, WOOD NATURAL GAS, OIL, GASOLINE, ETC.
51%
29%
20% COAL
OIL
GASOLINE
6. THERMAL POWER PLANT
• A thermal power plant is based upon RANKINE CYCLE.
• The prime mover in a thermal power plant is steam driven.
• Water is heated and converted into steam, that spins a steam turbine which
powers an electric generator, and then condensed & recycled to where it was
heated.
• Efficiency ranges from 33% to 40% depending on the no. of reheat and
regeneration.
• Performance indicator – HEAT RATE.
7. HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER
•Hydroelectric power, electricity produced from generators driven by turbines that convert
the potential energy of falling or fast-flowing water into mechanical energy.
•Hydroelectric power plants are usually located in dams that impound rivers, thereby raising
the level of the water behind the dam and creating as high a head as is feasible.
•Historically, one of the first uses of hydro power was for mechanical milling, such as
grinding grains. Today, modern hydro plants produce electricity using turbines and
generators, where mechanical energy is created when moving water spins rotors on a
turbine. This turbine is connected to an electromagnetic generator, which
produce electricity when the turbine spins.
8.
9. HOW MUCH DO WE KNOW
???
QUE 1. WHAT IS A CONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY ?
QUE 2. WHAT ARE FOSSIL FUELS ?
QUE 3. WHAT IS THERMAL ENERGY ?
QUE 4. WHAT IS HYDRO-ELECTRICITY ?
QUE 5. WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF USING FOSSIL FUELS ?
