Nuclear power plant site selection requires consideration of several key factors: availability of nuclear fuel and cooling water from nearby sources; sufficient unpopulated land and water areas to avoid affecting local ecology; space for safe radioactive waste disposal; and assessment of seismic activity within a 300km radius to ensure the plant can withstand potential earthquakes. The document then provides a brief overview of advantages of nuclear power such as producing large amounts of energy from small fuel amounts without greenhouse gas emissions, and disadvantages including high initial costs, dangerous radioactive waste, and public safety concerns.

1. Subject – Power Plant Engineering
Presented By :– Dhruv Shah
Topic – Nuclear Power Plant (NPP)

2. State factors affecting the site selection of nuclear power plants :-
The various factors to be considered while selecting the site for
nuclear power plant are as follow :
1.Use of land and water area: Construction is not allowed on shore zones belonging
to the coastal area of a sea or of a water system which would otherwise affect
ecology.
2.Availability of nuclear fuel, cooling water: The site should be such that the fuel
required for nuclear power generation such as uranium and others should be available
near the site or transporting such fuel should not be difficult and time consuming. Also
PWR, BWR mostly use light water H2O as their coolant as well as moderator so water
facility should be available near to the site and in plenty.
3.Population area: A nuclear power plant site extends to about a kilometers’ distance
from the facility. It is defined as an area where only power plant related activities are
allowed as a rule. Permanent settlement is prohibited and only very limited employee
accommodation or recreational settlement is allowed.

3. Conti...
4. Radioactive waste disposal facility : The waste of nuclear power plant are
radioactive and there should be sufficient space near the plant site for the disposal of
waste.
5. Safeguard against earthquakes : The power plant site is classified into it
respective sesmic zone 1,2,3,4,5. The zone 5 being the most sesmic and unsuitable
for nuclear plants. About 300 km of radius area around the proposed site is studied
for its past history of tremors,and earthquake to assess the severest earthquake that
could occur for which the foundation building and equipment supports are designed
accordingly. This ensures that the plant will retain integrity of structure, piping and
equipments.

4. Nuclear Power Plants in INDIA

7. Advantages :
• Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, so it's
not expensive to make.
• The amount of fuel required is quite small ,therfore
there is no problem of transportation, storage etc.
• Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does
not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
• Produces huge amounts of energy from small
amounts of fuel.
• Produces small amounts of waste.
• The output control is most flexible.
• Nuclear power is reliable.

8. Disadvantages :
• The fuel used is expensive and is difficult to recover.
• The fission by-products are generally radio active and may cause a
dangerous amount of radio active pollution.
• Although not much waste is produced, it is very, very dangerous. It must be
sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away.
• The initial capital cost is very high as compared to other power plants.
• Nuclear power is reliable, but a lot of money has to be spent on safety - if it
does go wrong, a nuclear accident can be a major disaster. People are
increasingly concerned about this - in the 1990's nuclear power was the
fastest-growing source of power in much of the world. In 2005 it was the
second slowest-growing.
• The cooling water requirements of a nuclear power plant are very heavy.