A power point presentation on nuclear power plant.

1. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

2. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
EARLY HISTORY
OF NUCLEAR
POWER

3. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
NUCLEAR FUEL
NUCLEAR FUEL IS ANY MATERIAL THAT CAN BE CONSUMED TO
DERIVE NUCLEAR ENERGY. THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF
NUCLEAR FUEL IS FISSILE ELEMENTS THAT CAN BE MADE TO
UNDERGO NUCLEAR FISSION CHAIN REACTIONS IN A NUCLEAR
REACTOR
THE MOST COMMON NUCLEAR FUELS ARE 235U AND 239PU.
NOT ALL NUCLEAR FUELS ARE USED IN FISSION CHAIN
REACTIONS

4. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
NUCLEAR FISSION
WHEN A NEUTRON STRIKES AN ATOM OF URANIUM, THE
URANIUM SPLITS INGTO TWO LIGHTER ATOMS AND RELEASES
HEAT SIMULTANEOUSLY.
FISSION OF HEAVY ELEMENTS IS AN EXOTHERMIC REACTION
WHICH CAN RELEASE LARGE AMOUNTS OF ENERGY BOTH AS
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND AS KINETIC ENERGY OF
THE FRAGMENTS

5. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTIONS
A CHAIN REACTION REFERS TO A PROCESS IN WHICH
NEUTRONS RELEASED IN FISSION PRODUCE AN
ADDITIONAL FISSION IN AT LEAST ONE FURTHER
NUCLEUS. THIS NUCLEUS IN TURN PRODUCES
NEUTRONS, AND THE PROCESS REPEATS. IF THE
PROCESS IS CONTROLLED IT IS USED FOR NUCLEAR
POWER OR IF UNCONTROLLED IT IS USED FOR
NUCLEAR WEAPONS

6. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur

7. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
U235 + N → FISSION + 2 OR 3 N + 200 MEV
IF EACH NEUTRON RELEASES TWO MORE
NEUTRONS, THEN THE NUMBER OF FISSIONS
DOUBLES EACH GENERATION. IN THAT CASE, IN 10
GENERATIONS THERE ARE 1,024 FISSIONS AND IN 80
GENERATIONS ABOUT 6 X 10 23 (A MOLE) FISSIONS.

8. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
NUCLEAR REACTOR
A NUCLEAR REACTOR IS A DEVICE IN WHICH
NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTIONS ARE INITIATED,
CONTROLLED, AND SUSTAINED AT A STEADY RATE, AS
OPPOSED TO A NUCLEAR BOMB, IN WHICH THE
CHAIN REACTION OCCURS IN A FRACTION OF A
SECOND AND IS UNCONTROLLED CAUSING AN
EXPLOTION.

9. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
INNOVATION
• Innovation is defined by describing its output as a new
or significantly improved product (or process),
bringing economic and/or social benefits by being
introduced to the market (or by being used within an
enterprise).

10. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
ROLE OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
INNOVATION
• Resource preservation and minimisation of waste
• Practical elimination of catastrophic events outside the
plant
• Maintenance of economic competitiveness, reduction
of financial burden
• Exclusion of misuse of nuclear materials

11. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
INNOVATION IN NUCLER
REACTOR

12. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR
(VHTR)
• The chief attraction of the VHTR concept is its ability
to produce the higher temperatures (up to 1 000 ºC)
needed for hydrogen production and some process
heat applications. However, VHTRs would not permit
use of a closed fuel cycle.

13. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur

14. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
SUPER-CRITICAL WATER-COOLED
REACTOR (SCWR)
• Of the Generation IV designs, the SCWR is
most closely related to existing LWR
technology. SCWRs would operate at higher
temperatures and pressures, above the
thermodynamic critical point of water,
allowing design simplification and greatly
improved thermal efficiencies. Reference
designs provide up to 1 500 MW, use
uranium or mixed oxide fuel, and have outlet
temperatures up to 625 ºC.

15. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur

16. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
GAS-COOLED FAST REACTOR (GFR)
• It features a high thermal efficiency direct-
cycle helium turbine for electricity
generation. The high outlet temperature (850
ºC) could also be suitable for hydrogen
production or process heat. Key R&D
challenges include the development of new
fuels (such as ceramic-clad fuels or fuel
particles and materials, as well as the core
design and the helium turbine.

17. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
LEAD-COOLED FAST REACTOR (LFR)
• The LFR system would feature a fast-
spectrum liquid metal-cooled reactor and a
closed fuel cycle. Molten lead is a relatively
inert coolant, offering safety advantages as
well as being abundant. Designs being
investigated to date include both small (20
MW) and mid-sized (600 MW) designs. The
former would be a factory-fabricated plant
with a very long refuelling interval (15-20
years).

18. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur

19. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur

20. By :- Arpit Budania
SKIT, Jaipur
THANK YOU