Nuclear1
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This document provides an overview of key components and processes in a nuclear power plant. It discusses nuclear fuel such as Uranium 235 and Plutonium 239, how nuclear fission works to split atoms and release energy, and how nuclear chain reactions are initiated and controlled. It also describes the reactor core, control rods, steam generators, turbines, coolant pumps, condensers and other major systems used to generate electricity from the heat produced by nuclear fission. Both advantages like low carbon emissions and disadvantages like radioactive waste and resource scarcity are highlighted.
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Kalai
The document discusses the key components and processes involved in nuclear power generation, including nuclear fuel, nuclear fission, nuclear chain reactions, control rods, steam generators, turbines, condensers, cooling towers, and the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. Nuclear fuel undergoes fission, releasing energy to heat water and create steam that drives turbines to generate electricity while being moderated and controlled through various safety mechanisms.
Nuclear
Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission reactions to generate heat and produce steam to power turbines that generate electricity. Nuclear fuel such as uranium-235 is used in the nuclear reactor's core to initiate and sustain a controlled nuclear chain reaction. Control rods are used to regulate the chain reaction. Steam generated in steam generators is used to power the turbines, which turn generators to produce electricity. The steam is then cooled and recycled through the system. Nuclear power produces low carbon emissions but generates radioactive waste that remains hazardous for thousands of years.
Nuclear
Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission to generate electricity. Nuclear fuel, such as uranium-235, undergoes fission when struck by a neutron, releasing heat energy. This heat is used to generate steam that drives turbines connected to generators. Control rods are used to regulate the fission rate and maintain a steady chain reaction. Steam from the reactor powers the turbines which spin generators to produce electricity. Water is used as a coolant and circulated through steam generators and a condenser to be reused or cooled in a cooling tower. Nuclear power produces low carbon emissions but long-term radioactive waste storage remains an issue.
Nuclear
This document provides information about the key components and processes involved in a nuclear power plant. It explains that nuclear fuel undergoes fission, which is a chain reaction that can be controlled to produce heat and power a steam turbine. The turbine converts the steam's energy to electricity. Control rods and coolant circulate through the reactor core to moderate the fission rate and prevent meltdown. Waste heat is transferred to cooling towers to be dissipated while producing clean electricity. However, radioactive waste disposal and security risks are ongoing disadvantages of nuclear energy.
Technical Properties of A Nuclear Power Plant
A nuclear power plant uses nuclear fission to generate heat from nuclear fuel such as uranium-235. This heat is used to convert water to steam and drive turbines that generate electricity. Key components include nuclear fuel rods, control rods to regulate the fission reaction, steam generators to convert heat to steam, turbines turned by steam, and condensers to cool steam back into water. Nuclear power produces low carbon emissions but long-lived radioactive waste remains a challenge.
Thermal Power Station
The document describes the basic principles and components of a coal-fired thermal power plant. The key components include the boiler, turbine, generator, condenser, and cooling tower. Coal is burned in the boiler to produce high-pressure steam. The steam powers the turbine, which turns the generator to produce electricity. After passing through the turbine, the steam enters the condenser where it is cooled and condensed back into water, which is pumped back to the boiler to repeat the process.
Nuclear
Nuclear fuel undergoes fission, releasing heat energy. This energy can be harnessed via nuclear chain reactions in a nuclear reactor, where neutrons split atoms and are controlled by control rods. The heat generated is used to convert water to steam, which powers turbines connected to generators, producing electricity. Spent fuel is cooled in cooling towers before being treated and stored as radioactive waste. While emitting low carbon, issues remain around waste storage and plant security.
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission reactions in a controlled nuclear reactor. The first commercial nuclear power plant began operation in 1954. The document outlines the key components of a nuclear power plant including the nuclear fuel, nuclear fission and chain reactions, nuclear reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbines, pumps, condensers, and cooling towers. It also discusses both the advantages of low carbon emissions but the challenges of high costs, safety issues, and long-term radioactive waste disposal.
Recommended
Kalai
The document discusses the key components and processes involved in nuclear power generation, including nuclear fuel, nuclear fission, nuclear chain reactions, control rods, steam generators, turbines, condensers, cooling towers, and the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. Nuclear fuel undergoes fission, releasing energy to heat water and create steam that drives turbines to generate electricity while being moderated and controlled through various safety mechanisms.
Nuclear
Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission reactions to generate heat and produce steam to power turbines that generate electricity. Nuclear fuel such as uranium-235 is used in the nuclear reactor's core to initiate and sustain a controlled nuclear chain reaction. Control rods are used to regulate the chain reaction. Steam generated in steam generators is used to power the turbines, which turn generators to produce electricity. The steam is then cooled and recycled through the system. Nuclear power produces low carbon emissions but generates radioactive waste that remains hazardous for thousands of years.
Nuclear
Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission to generate electricity. Nuclear fuel, such as uranium-235, undergoes fission when struck by a neutron, releasing heat energy. This heat is used to generate steam that drives turbines connected to generators. Control rods are used to regulate the fission rate and maintain a steady chain reaction. Steam from the reactor powers the turbines which spin generators to produce electricity. Water is used as a coolant and circulated through steam generators and a condenser to be reused or cooled in a cooling tower. Nuclear power produces low carbon emissions but long-term radioactive waste storage remains an issue.
Nuclear
This document provides information about the key components and processes involved in a nuclear power plant. It explains that nuclear fuel undergoes fission, which is a chain reaction that can be controlled to produce heat and power a steam turbine. The turbine converts the steam's energy to electricity. Control rods and coolant circulate through the reactor core to moderate the fission rate and prevent meltdown. Waste heat is transferred to cooling towers to be dissipated while producing clean electricity. However, radioactive waste disposal and security risks are ongoing disadvantages of nuclear energy.
Technical Properties of A Nuclear Power Plant
A nuclear power plant uses nuclear fission to generate heat from nuclear fuel such as uranium-235. This heat is used to convert water to steam and drive turbines that generate electricity. Key components include nuclear fuel rods, control rods to regulate the fission reaction, steam generators to convert heat to steam, turbines turned by steam, and condensers to cool steam back into water. Nuclear power produces low carbon emissions but long-lived radioactive waste remains a challenge.
Thermal Power Station
The document describes the basic principles and components of a coal-fired thermal power plant. The key components include the boiler, turbine, generator, condenser, and cooling tower. Coal is burned in the boiler to produce high-pressure steam. The steam powers the turbine, which turns the generator to produce electricity. After passing through the turbine, the steam enters the condenser where it is cooled and condensed back into water, which is pumped back to the boiler to repeat the process.
Nuclear
Nuclear fuel undergoes fission, releasing heat energy. This energy can be harnessed via nuclear chain reactions in a nuclear reactor, where neutrons split atoms and are controlled by control rods. The heat generated is used to convert water to steam, which powers turbines connected to generators, producing electricity. Spent fuel is cooled in cooling towers before being treated and stored as radioactive waste. While emitting low carbon, issues remain around waste storage and plant security.
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission reactions in a controlled nuclear reactor. The first commercial nuclear power plant began operation in 1954. The document outlines the key components of a nuclear power plant including the nuclear fuel, nuclear fission and chain reactions, nuclear reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbines, pumps, condensers, and cooling towers. It also discusses both the advantages of low carbon emissions but the challenges of high costs, safety issues, and long-term radioactive waste disposal.
Nuclear lecture
This document provides an overview of nuclear power plants. It begins with introductory information on nuclear fission and the components of atoms. It then describes the key components of a nuclear power plant including the reactor core, moderator, control rods, steam generators, turbines, and cooling systems. It explains the basic processes of boiling water reactors and pressurized water reactors. The document also discusses CANDU reactors, safety considerations, and the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power.
Nuclear power plant
This document discusses nuclear power and innovation in nuclear reactor design. It describes several types of nuclear reactors being innovated for Generation IV, including very high temperature reactors that can reach 1000°C for hydrogen production, supercritical water-cooled reactors with improved efficiencies, gas-cooled fast reactors with 850°C outlet temperatures for electricity and hydrogen, and lead-cooled fast reactors that offer safety advantages with molten lead coolant. The goal of nuclear innovation is resource preservation, safety, economic competitiveness, and exclusion of misuse of nuclear materials.
Power station practice (NEE-702) unit-2
UNIT-II: Nuclear Power Plant:
Location, site selection, general layout and operation of plant. Brief description of different types of reactors Moderator material, fissile materials, control of nuclear reactors, disposal of nuclear waste material, shielding.Gas Turbine Plant: Operational principle of gas turbine plant & its efficiency, fuels, open and closed-cycle plants, regeneration, inter-cooling and reheating, role and applications.
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Nuclear power plant
Nuclear fuel undergoes fission chain reactions in nuclear reactors to produce heat energy. Common nuclear fuels are Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239. Control rods are used to control the rate of the chain reaction. Heat from the nuclear reaction is used to convert water to steam, which powers turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. Nuclear power produces low carbon emissions but radioactive waste disposal remains an issue and uranium resources will be depleted in the coming decades.
Nuclear power!
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through a process called nuclear fission. Fission occurs when certain atoms, such as uranium, are split, releasing heat. This heat is used to boil water and produce steam, which spins turbines that generate electricity. Nuclear reactors contain fuel rods that undergo fission, and the reactors are designed with multiple safety features like thick concrete walls to prevent radiation release. Nuclear power produces relatively low carbon emissions but faces challenges with radioactive waste disposal and risks of accidents.
Presentation presentation1.pptx nuclear_power_plant_me_1472237864_228826
This document discusses nuclear power plants and nuclear energy. It begins by defining nuclear energy and the two ways of obtaining it: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. It then explains how a nuclear power plant works by using nuclear fission to heat water and generate steam to power turbines. Key parts of the nuclear reactor are also outlined, including the core, moderator, control rods, coolants, and fuels. Generations of nuclear reactor designs are reviewed. The document concludes by discussing advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plants.
Nuclear power plants
The document discusses the economics of nuclear power, noting they typically have high capital costs but low fuel costs. It also discusses the controversy around nuclear power, with proponents noting its benefits but opponents concerned about health, environmental, and accident risks. Examples of historic nuclear accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima are provided. Finally, the proposed location of nuclear power plants in Bangladesh is mentioned.
Nuclear Power Plant Presentation
Fission is the splitting of a nucleus into smaller parts that releases energy. It can occur through nuclear chain reactions where neutrons produced in one fission induce additional fissions. Uranium-235 is commonly used as it can undergo fission when struck by slow neutrons. This results in fission products like krypton and strontium, more neutrons on average, and a large amount of energy. A controlled chain reaction in a nuclear reactor uses fissionable material as fuel, neutron moderators to slow neutrons, control rods to regulate the reaction, coolants to remove heat, and shielding to protect from radiation. Nuclear power plants generate electricity by using the heat from fission in a reactor to
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
IT IS A THERMAL POWER STATION IN WHICH THE HEAT SOURCE IS A NUCLEAR REACTOR.
AS IS TYPICAL IN ALL COVENTIONAL THERMAL POWER STATIONS THE HEAT IS USED TO GENERATE STEAM WHICH DRIVES A STEAM TURBINE CONNECTED TO AN ELECTRIC GENERATOR WHICH PRODUCES THE ELECTRICITY.
nuclear power plant
The document discusses various topics related to nuclear power plants including:
1) Nuclear fuel such as Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239 that can undergo fission chain reactions to produce energy.
2) How nuclear fission of heavy elements like Uranium releases heat and how this can be used to create a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a nuclear reactor.
3) The basic components of a nuclear power plant including the nuclear reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbines, pumps and cooling towers.
Nuclear power plant
This document discusses nuclear power, including nuclear fission, fusion, and chain reactions. It describes the schematic diagram of a nuclear power station, including the reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbine, feed pump, condenser, and cooling tower. It lists the types of nuclear reactors and discusses the advantages of low carbon emissions but the disadvantages of radioactive waste, limited uranium resources, and safety/terrorism risks.
Nuclear Power Plant PPT
The document presents information about nuclear power generation at the Rajasthan Atomic Power Station. It discusses the flow chart of the Atomic Energy Commission of India, safety features at RAPS including emergency shutdown and double layered reactor buildings, and the capacities and operating histories of the six reactor units at RAPS. It also summarizes the nuclear fission process of uranium-235, the fuel used in pressurized heavy water reactors, and radioactive waste management practices including spent fuel storage pools and the cobalt facility.
Nuclear Power Plant
This document provides information about a nuclear power plant engineering course. It includes the group members, various topics to be covered such as nuclear fuel, chain reaction, power plant components, site selection, worldwide scenarios, and costs. It also discusses present scenarios in Bangladesh, facts, wastes, disasters, fuel costs, and advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. Reference websites are also included at the end.
Nuclear Plant
1. A nuclear power plant uses nuclear fission to generate heat and convert it to usable energy. Uranium atoms are split in the nuclear reactor, producing heat to boil water into steam.
2. The steam turns turbines that generate electricity. Control rods regulate the fission rate. Steam generators, turbines, pumps, condensers, and cooling towers complete the steam/water cycle.
3. Nuclear power has low carbon emissions but produces radioactive waste disposal challenges. It also poses risks from accidents, though plants aim for maximum safety. Fuel resources like uranium are finite as well.
Nuclear power plant
The document summarizes key aspects of nuclear power plants. It describes how nuclear fission in elements like uranium-235 produces heat that is used to generate electricity. It explains the major components of a nuclear power plant including the reactor core, control rods, steam generators, turbines, and cooling towers. Nuclear power plants use the heat from nuclear fission to convert water to high-pressure steam, which spins turbines that generate electricity while protecting public safety.
Nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plant site selection requires consideration of several key factors: availability of nuclear fuel and cooling water from nearby sources; sufficient unpopulated land and water areas to avoid affecting local ecology; space for safe radioactive waste disposal; and assessment of seismic activity within a 300km radius to ensure the plant can withstand potential earthquakes. The document then provides a brief overview of advantages of nuclear power such as producing large amounts of energy from small fuel amounts without greenhouse gas emissions, and disadvantages including high initial costs, dangerous radioactive waste, and public safety concerns.
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant
The 4.2km² site is in the Niigata Prefecture city of Kashiwazaki and the town of Kariwa, approximately 135 miles north-west of Tokyo, on the coast of the Sea of Japan.
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa is also the world's fourth largest electric-generating station behind three hydroelectric plants: Itaipu on the Brazil-Paraguay border, Three Gorges Dam in China and Guri Dam in Venezuela.
Like all power plants in Japan, Kashiwazaki-Kariwa was built to strict earthquake-resistance standards. However, the 2007 earthquake caused the plant to leak radioactive substances into the air and water. The plant, which has been operating since 1985, was closed until safety checks following the earthquake were completed. The plant was reopened in May 2009.
nuclear power plant_ANIKET CHOUDHURY
This document provides an overview of a fission power plant, also known as a nuclear power plant. It discusses the history of nuclear power generation beginning in 1948. The key components of a nuclear power plant include the nuclear reactor, control rods, steam generators, steam turbine, and condenser. Nuclear fission in the reactor produces heat that is used to generate steam to power the turbine and generate electricity. While nuclear power has advantages over fossil fuels in reducing emissions, it also has disadvantages such as nuclear waste management and safety risks.
Nuclear Power
The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. It notes that nuclear power produces reliable and cheap electricity but has disadvantages such as the hazards of nuclear waste storage and risks of reactor accidents. It also provides details on the nuclear fuel cycle and power plant operations, noting that nuclear power currently provides about 20% of US electricity but that no new reactors have been built since 1979 due to various economic and safety concerns.
Nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission reactions that are controlled using control rods. Nuclear fuel, such as uranium-235, is split within the nuclear reactor, producing heat energy. This heat is used to convert water to high-pressure steam, which spins turbines that generate electricity. The steam is then cooled and recycled to continue the process. Nuclear power provides low-carbon electricity but produces radioactive waste and safety risks from potential accidents.
Nuclear_power_plant.pdf
This presentation discusses nuclear power plants and their components. It begins with a brief history of nuclear power generation and describes nuclear fuel and fission. It then explains nuclear chain reactions and the components of a nuclear reactor, including control rods, steam generators, turbines, pumps, condensers, and cooling towers. It outlines the types of reactors and how they work via uranium fission and neutron absorption/moderation. In closing, it discusses advantages like low emissions but also disadvantages such as radioactive waste and security risks.
Nuclear power plant parmmax
The document argues against building new nuclear power stations for several reasons:
1) It would not significantly reduce carbon emissions or address future energy supply gaps.
2) Investment in nuclear power could block more effective solutions like renewable energy and efficiency.
3) Transporting nuclear waste poses terrorism risks and safety cannot be guaranteed given past disasters.
4) Reprocessing nuclear waste produces dangerous plutonium stockpiles with no clear disposal plans.
5) Nuclear power is extremely costly.
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This document provides an overview of nuclear power plants. It begins with introductory information on nuclear fission and the components of atoms. It then describes the key components of a nuclear power plant including the reactor core, moderator, control rods, steam generators, turbines, and cooling systems. It explains the basic processes of boiling water reactors and pressurized water reactors. The document also discusses CANDU reactors, safety considerations, and the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power.
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This document discusses nuclear power and innovation in nuclear reactor design. It describes several types of nuclear reactors being innovated for Generation IV, including very high temperature reactors that can reach 1000°C for hydrogen production, supercritical water-cooled reactors with improved efficiencies, gas-cooled fast reactors with 850°C outlet temperatures for electricity and hydrogen, and lead-cooled fast reactors that offer safety advantages with molten lead coolant. The goal of nuclear innovation is resource preservation, safety, economic competitiveness, and exclusion of misuse of nuclear materials.
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Location, site selection, general layout and operation of plant. Brief description of different types of reactors Moderator material, fissile materials, control of nuclear reactors, disposal of nuclear waste material, shielding.Gas Turbine Plant: Operational principle of gas turbine plant & its efficiency, fuels, open and closed-cycle plants, regeneration, inter-cooling and reheating, role and applications.
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Diesel plant layout, components & their functions, its performance, role and applications.
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Nuclear fuel undergoes fission chain reactions in nuclear reactors to produce heat energy. Common nuclear fuels are Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239. Control rods are used to control the rate of the chain reaction. Heat from the nuclear reaction is used to convert water to steam, which powers turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. Nuclear power produces low carbon emissions but radioactive waste disposal remains an issue and uranium resources will be depleted in the coming decades.
Nuclear power!
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through a process called nuclear fission. Fission occurs when certain atoms, such as uranium, are split, releasing heat. This heat is used to boil water and produce steam, which spins turbines that generate electricity. Nuclear reactors contain fuel rods that undergo fission, and the reactors are designed with multiple safety features like thick concrete walls to prevent radiation release. Nuclear power produces relatively low carbon emissions but faces challenges with radioactive waste disposal and risks of accidents.
Presentation presentation1.pptx nuclear_power_plant_me_1472237864_228826
This document discusses nuclear power plants and nuclear energy. It begins by defining nuclear energy and the two ways of obtaining it: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. It then explains how a nuclear power plant works by using nuclear fission to heat water and generate steam to power turbines. Key parts of the nuclear reactor are also outlined, including the core, moderator, control rods, coolants, and fuels. Generations of nuclear reactor designs are reviewed. The document concludes by discussing advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plants.
Nuclear power plants
The document discusses the economics of nuclear power, noting they typically have high capital costs but low fuel costs. It also discusses the controversy around nuclear power, with proponents noting its benefits but opponents concerned about health, environmental, and accident risks. Examples of historic nuclear accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima are provided. Finally, the proposed location of nuclear power plants in Bangladesh is mentioned.
Nuclear Power Plant Presentation
Fission is the splitting of a nucleus into smaller parts that releases energy. It can occur through nuclear chain reactions where neutrons produced in one fission induce additional fissions. Uranium-235 is commonly used as it can undergo fission when struck by slow neutrons. This results in fission products like krypton and strontium, more neutrons on average, and a large amount of energy. A controlled chain reaction in a nuclear reactor uses fissionable material as fuel, neutron moderators to slow neutrons, control rods to regulate the reaction, coolants to remove heat, and shielding to protect from radiation. Nuclear power plants generate electricity by using the heat from fission in a reactor to
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
IT IS A THERMAL POWER STATION IN WHICH THE HEAT SOURCE IS A NUCLEAR REACTOR.
AS IS TYPICAL IN ALL COVENTIONAL THERMAL POWER STATIONS THE HEAT IS USED TO GENERATE STEAM WHICH DRIVES A STEAM TURBINE CONNECTED TO AN ELECTRIC GENERATOR WHICH PRODUCES THE ELECTRICITY.
nuclear power plant
The document discusses various topics related to nuclear power plants including:
1) Nuclear fuel such as Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239 that can undergo fission chain reactions to produce energy.
2) How nuclear fission of heavy elements like Uranium releases heat and how this can be used to create a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a nuclear reactor.
3) The basic components of a nuclear power plant including the nuclear reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbines, pumps and cooling towers.
Nuclear power plant
This document discusses nuclear power, including nuclear fission, fusion, and chain reactions. It describes the schematic diagram of a nuclear power station, including the reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbine, feed pump, condenser, and cooling tower. It lists the types of nuclear reactors and discusses the advantages of low carbon emissions but the disadvantages of radioactive waste, limited uranium resources, and safety/terrorism risks.
Nuclear Power Plant PPT
The document presents information about nuclear power generation at the Rajasthan Atomic Power Station. It discusses the flow chart of the Atomic Energy Commission of India, safety features at RAPS including emergency shutdown and double layered reactor buildings, and the capacities and operating histories of the six reactor units at RAPS. It also summarizes the nuclear fission process of uranium-235, the fuel used in pressurized heavy water reactors, and radioactive waste management practices including spent fuel storage pools and the cobalt facility.
Nuclear Power Plant
This document provides information about a nuclear power plant engineering course. It includes the group members, various topics to be covered such as nuclear fuel, chain reaction, power plant components, site selection, worldwide scenarios, and costs. It also discusses present scenarios in Bangladesh, facts, wastes, disasters, fuel costs, and advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. Reference websites are also included at the end.
Nuclear Plant
1. A nuclear power plant uses nuclear fission to generate heat and convert it to usable energy. Uranium atoms are split in the nuclear reactor, producing heat to boil water into steam.
2. The steam turns turbines that generate electricity. Control rods regulate the fission rate. Steam generators, turbines, pumps, condensers, and cooling towers complete the steam/water cycle.
3. Nuclear power has low carbon emissions but produces radioactive waste disposal challenges. It also poses risks from accidents, though plants aim for maximum safety. Fuel resources like uranium are finite as well.
Nuclear power plant
The document summarizes key aspects of nuclear power plants. It describes how nuclear fission in elements like uranium-235 produces heat that is used to generate electricity. It explains the major components of a nuclear power plant including the reactor core, control rods, steam generators, turbines, and cooling towers. Nuclear power plants use the heat from nuclear fission to convert water to high-pressure steam, which spins turbines that generate electricity while protecting public safety.
Nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plant site selection requires consideration of several key factors: availability of nuclear fuel and cooling water from nearby sources; sufficient unpopulated land and water areas to avoid affecting local ecology; space for safe radioactive waste disposal; and assessment of seismic activity within a 300km radius to ensure the plant can withstand potential earthquakes. The document then provides a brief overview of advantages of nuclear power such as producing large amounts of energy from small fuel amounts without greenhouse gas emissions, and disadvantages including high initial costs, dangerous radioactive waste, and public safety concerns.
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant
The 4.2km² site is in the Niigata Prefecture city of Kashiwazaki and the town of Kariwa, approximately 135 miles north-west of Tokyo, on the coast of the Sea of Japan.
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa is also the world's fourth largest electric-generating station behind three hydroelectric plants: Itaipu on the Brazil-Paraguay border, Three Gorges Dam in China and Guri Dam in Venezuela.
Like all power plants in Japan, Kashiwazaki-Kariwa was built to strict earthquake-resistance standards. However, the 2007 earthquake caused the plant to leak radioactive substances into the air and water. The plant, which has been operating since 1985, was closed until safety checks following the earthquake were completed. The plant was reopened in May 2009.
nuclear power plant_ANIKET CHOUDHURY
This document provides an overview of a fission power plant, also known as a nuclear power plant. It discusses the history of nuclear power generation beginning in 1948. The key components of a nuclear power plant include the nuclear reactor, control rods, steam generators, steam turbine, and condenser. Nuclear fission in the reactor produces heat that is used to generate steam to power the turbine and generate electricity. While nuclear power has advantages over fossil fuels in reducing emissions, it also has disadvantages such as nuclear waste management and safety risks.
Nuclear Power
The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. It notes that nuclear power produces reliable and cheap electricity but has disadvantages such as the hazards of nuclear waste storage and risks of reactor accidents. It also provides details on the nuclear fuel cycle and power plant operations, noting that nuclear power currently provides about 20% of US electricity but that no new reactors have been built since 1979 due to various economic and safety concerns.
Nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission reactions that are controlled using control rods. Nuclear fuel, such as uranium-235, is split within the nuclear reactor, producing heat energy. This heat is used to convert water to high-pressure steam, which spins turbines that generate electricity. The steam is then cooled and recycled to continue the process. Nuclear power provides low-carbon electricity but produces radioactive waste and safety risks from potential accidents.
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This document provides an overview of the Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS) in India. It discusses the key components and systems of NAPS, including the reactor layout, uranium fuel bundles, calandria, heavy water moderator, shutdown systems, cooling water, and feed water systems. NAPS utilizes natural uranium fuel and heavy water moderator to generate electricity through nuclear fission, with the heat used to convert water to steam that drives turbines. The document contains detailed specifications and descriptions of how different parts of the nuclear power plant work together.
Sheraz assignment ppt
1. Nuclear energy comes from the energy stored in the nucleus of atoms and can be released through nuclear fission or fusion. Fission involves splitting heavy atoms while fusion combines light atoms.
2. There are two main nuclear processes for energy production - fission and fusion. Fission of atoms like uranium is used in nuclear power plants today while fusion promises more energy but has not been achieved commercially.
3. A nuclear power plant uses fission in a reactor to heat water and produce steam that drives turbines to generate electricity. Pakistan operates 5 nuclear reactors producing around 3.6% of its total electricity.
Nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant generates electricity through a nuclear fission reaction. Uranium atoms are split in the nuclear reactor, releasing heat energy which is used to boil water into steam. The high pressure steam spins turbines that drive generators to produce electricity. While nuclear power produces low carbon emissions, it has disadvantages including high costs, radioactive waste disposal challenges, and safety risks from potential radiation leaks. The plant consists of a nuclear reactor to produce heat from fission, a heat exchanger to convert this to steam, turbines turned by the steam, and generators powered by the turbines.
Nuclear energy
The document discusses BARC's R&D roadmap for thermo-chemical hydrogen production using nuclear energy. It describes demonstrations of hydrogen production at different scales, from 80,000 m3/hr down to 50 L/hr. It also discusses high temperature electrolysis and steam electrolysis as more efficient processes. BARC is developing a 5 kW solid oxide fuel cell system and plans to switch to a steam electrolysis system.
Psp unit 2
The document provides information about different types of power plants, including nuclear power plants, gas turbine plants, and diesel plants. For nuclear power plants, it discusses site selection criteria and factors to consider. It describes the basic components and operations of a nuclear power plant, including the nuclear fuel, fission and fusion processes, control rods, steam generators, turbines, coolant pumps, and other major equipment. For diesel plants, it outlines the general layout, functions of key components like the air intake, fuel supply, exhaust, cooling and lubrication systems. It also notes advantages and disadvantages of diesel power plants.
Electrical Power generation
This document discusses several types of nuclear reactors, including pressurized water reactors (PWR), boiling water reactors (BWR), CANDU reactors, gas-cooled reactors, fast breeder reactors, and RBMK reactors. It provides details on the basic design and operation of PWRs and BWRs, the most common types of commercial nuclear reactors. The document also discusses other topics like nuclear fuel, waste, and applications and future directions of nuclear energy.
Nuclear power plant pwi u3
The document discusses different types of nuclear reactors, including their components, operation, and advantages/disadvantages. It describes pressurized water reactors (PWR), boiling water reactors (BWR), CANDU reactors, liquid metal cooled reactors, organic moderated reactors, and liquid metal fast breeder reactors. Key points covered include how each reactor type moderates and cools the nuclear fuel, controls the fission reaction, and uses the generated heat for power production. Advantages include efficient use of uranium and ability to produce additional fissile material, while disadvantages relate to safety, cost, and waste issues.
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快速办理(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
Presentation made for the Webinar Series on Biomimicry for sustainability on 1st June 2024 organized by Green Building Council Sri Lanka
学校原版(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
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留信网认证的作用:
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
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【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Presented by James Reed at "9th Landscape Sustainability Science Forum" on 11 May 2024
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR)-2023.pptx
Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR-2023).
原版制作(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
按照学校原版(UAL文凭证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证快速办理
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【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
REPORT-PRESENTATION BY CHIEF SECRETARY, ANDAMAN NICOBAR ADMINISTRATION IN OA ...
Green Tribunal Andaman
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版西澳大学毕业证学历证书如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《西澳大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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- 1. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE,RASIPURAM. Presented by A.KALAIYARASAN Assistant Professor MEC –Rasipuram
- 2. NUCLEAR FUEL Nuclear fuel is any material that can be consumed to derive nuclear energy. The most common type of nuclear fuel is fissile elements that can be made to undergo nuclear fission chain reactions in a nuclear reactor The most common nuclear fuels are 235U and 239Pu. Not all nuclear fuels are used in fission chain reactions
- 3. NUCLEAR FISSION When a neutron strikes an atom of uranium, the uranium splits ingto two lighter atoms and releases heat simultaneously. Fission of heavy elements is an exothermic reaction which can release large amounts of energy both as electromagnetic radiation and as kinetic energy of the fragments
- 5. NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTIONS A chain reaction refers to a process in which neutrons released in fission produce an additional fission in at least one further nucleus. This nucleus in turn produces neutrons, and the process repeats. If the process is controlled it is used for nuclear power or if uncontrolled it is used for nuclear weapons
- 7. U235 + n → fission + 2 or 3 n + 200 MeV If each neutron releases two more neutrons, then the number of fissions doubles each generation. In that case, in 10 generations there are 1,024 fissions and in 80 generations about 6 x 10 23 (a mole) fissions.
- 9. A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate, as opposed to a nuclear bomb, in which the chain reaction occurs in a fraction of a second and is uncontrolled causing an explotion. NUCLEAR REACTOR
- 10. CONTROL RODS Control rods made of a material that absorbs neutrtons are inserted into the bundle using a mechanism that can rise or lower the control rods. . The control rods essentially contain neutron absorbers like, boron, cadmium or indium.
- 12. STEAM GENERATORS Steam generators are heat exchangers used to convert water into steam from heat produced in a nuclear reactor core. Either ordinary water or heavy water is used as the coolant.
- 13. STEAM TURBINE A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into useful mechanical Various high-performance alloys and superalloys have been used for steam generator tubing.
- 15. COOLANT PUMP The coolant pump pressurizes the coolant to pressures of the orderof 155bar. The pressue of the coolant loop is maintained almost constant with the help of the pump and a pressurizer unit.
- 16. FEED PUMP Steam coming out of the turbine, flows through the condenser for condensation and recirculated for the next cycle of operation. The feed pump circulates the condensed water in the working fluid loop.
- 17. CONDENSER Condenser is a device or unit which is used to condense vapor into liquid. The objective of the condenser are to reduce the turbine exhaust pressure to increase the efficiency and to recover high qyuality feed water in the form of condensate & feed back it to the steam generator without any further treatment.
- 18. COOLING TOWER Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere. Water cirulating throughthe codeser is taken to the cooling tower for cooling and reuse
- 19. ADVANTAGES Nuclear power generation does emit relatively low amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of green house gases and therefore the contribution of nuclear power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little. This technology is readily available, it does not have to be developed first. It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical energy in one single plant
- 20. DISADVANTAGES The problem of radioactive waste is still an unsolved one. High risks: It is technically impossible to build a plant with 100% security. The energy source for nuclear energy is Uranium. Uranium is a scarce resource, its supply is estimated to last only for the next 30 to 60 years depending on the actual demand.
- 21. DISADVANTAGES Nuclear power plants as well as nuclear waste could be preferred targets for terrorist attacks.. During the operation of nuclear power plants, radioactive waste is produced, which in turn can be used for the production of nuclear weapons.