This document provides an overview of different types of power plants and their basic components and working principles. It discusses steam power plants, hydropower plants, diesel power plants, nuclear power plants, gas turbine power plants, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power plants. For each type, it outlines the key energy sources, basic layouts, and operating mechanisms. The document also provides introductory information on nuclear fission and the components of pressurized water and boiling water nuclear reactors.

1. ME2403 – POWER PLANT
ENGINEERING
OVER VIEW

3. UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION TO POWER
PLANTS AND BOILERS

4. SYLLABUS

5. INTRODUCTION TO POWER PLANTS
• The consumption of electricity per capita is
universally accepted as a tool for measuring
the living standard of the country.
• There the growth of power industry plays
most important role in the economic
development of the nation.

6. INTRODUCTION TO POWER PLANTS
• It deals with the study of energy , resources and the utilization of energy
for power generation. The power is generated by prime movers (Eg:
hydraulic turbines ,steam turbines and diesel engines)
ENERGY :
• It may be defined as capacity to do work. Energy varies in different
form such as Mechanical , Thermal energy ,Electrical energy etc.
POWER & POWER PLANT :
• It is primarily associated with mechanical and electrical energy.
Power is defined as a rate of flow of energy. Power plant is a unit built for
producing and delivering the flow of mechanical and electrical energy.
SOURCES OF ENERGY :
• The basic source of energy for power generation are coal , oil ,
nuclear fuels , gas and these are called conventional source of energy.
These sources are used one day and are exhaustible.
The most reassuring and promising energy which is abundant in
supply and is in exhaustible is solar, wing. Tidal ,geothermal etc and
these are called non-conventional source of energy.
A power plant makes use of any one of the energy sources to produce
power. Depending on the type of energy source
Power plant is also called as power station or power house

7. CLASSIFICATION OF POWER PLANTS
Power plants are classified under different categories
• Based on the type of fuel used ( it is also called as non – renewable
source of energy)
– Steam power plant
– Diesel power plant
– Nuclear power plant
– Gas turbine power plant
– MHD
• Based on the natural source of energy used (it is also called
renewable source of energy)
– Hydro electric power plant
– Solar power plant
– Wind power plant
– Tidal power plant
– Geothermal power plant

8. LAYOUT OF STEAM POWER PLANT

10. LAYOUT OF HYDEL POWER PLANT

12. LAYOUT OF DIESEL POWER PLANT

13. 1. Starting system.
2. Air intake system.
3. Fuel supply system
4. Diesel engine.
5. Exhaust system.
6. Cooling system.
7. Lubricating sytem

14. LAYOUT OF MHD POWER PLANT
(Magneto – Hydro dynamic)

15. INTRODUCTION
Magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) (magneto fluid dynamics or hydro
magnetics) is the academic discipline which studies the dynamics of
electrically conducting fluids. Examples of such fluids
include plasmas, liquid metals, and salt water. The word magneto
hydro dynamics (MHD) is derived from magneto- meaning magnetic
field, and hydro- meaning liquid, and -dynamics meaning movement.
The field of MHD was initiated by Hannes Alfvén , for which he
received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1970
Hannes Alfvén

16. 80 % of total electricity produced in the world is hydal, while remaining 20% is
produced from nuclear, thermal, solar, geothermal energy and from magneto hydro
dynamic (mhd) generator.
MHD power generation is a new system of electric power generation which is said to
be of high efficiency and low pollution. In advanced countries MHD generators are
widely used but in developing countries like INDIA, it is still under construction, this
construction work in in progress at TRICHI in TAMIL NADU, under the joint efforts of
BARC (Bhabha atomic research center), Associated cement corporation (ACC) and
Russian technologists.
As its name implies, magneto hydro dynamics (MHD) is concerned with the flow of a
conducting fluid in the presence of magnetic and electric field. The fluid may be gas
at elevated temperatures or liquid metals like sodium or potassium.
INTRODUCTION
An MHD generator is a device for converting heat energy of a fuel directly into
electrical energy without conventional electric generator.
In this system. An MHD converter system is a heat engine in which heat taken up at a
higher temperature is partly converted into useful work and the remainder is rejected
at a temperature. Like all heat engines, the thermal efficiency of an MHD converter is
increased by supplying the heat at the highest practical temperature and rejecting it at
the lowest practical temperature.

17. PRINCIPLES OF MHD POWER GENERATION
The principle of MHD generator is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction .
It states that a changing magnetic field induces an electric field in any conductor located in
it.
The conductor may be solid , liquid or gas
The hot ionized gas replaces the copper winding of an alternator
When an ionized gas flows across the lines of magnetic field a voltage
is induced

21. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

22. NUCLEAR POWER AN INTRODUCTION
Working principle :
• Nuclear energy is also called as “atomic energy” it is the most
power full kind of energy.
• A nuclear power plant works in a similar way as thermal power
plant
• The difference between the two is “fuel” they use to heat the water
in boiler(steam generator)
• In nuclear power station ,energy is released by nuclear fission in the
core of the reactor. The energy heats the water in the steam
generator and steam is produced. The produced steam operates
turbine and from turbine electricity is produced
• It is estimated that ;
“1kg of uranium U 235 “ can produce as much energy as
burning of 4500 tones of high grade variety of coal or 2000 tones
of oil

23. NUCLEAR POWER AN INTRODUCTION
Nuclear fission :
• The fuel inside the reactor is a metal called “URANIUM”
• It exist as isotope in the form of U235 which is unstable.
• When the nucleus of an atom of uranium is split, the neutrons hit the other
atoms and split them in turn.
• For every split of each atoms more energy is produced these energy is used
for producing power.
• Moderators are provided to slow down the neutrons from the high
velocities but not to absorb them.
• Control rods are used to keep the reactor in “OFF” or “ON” condition.
• Control rods limits the number of fuel atoms that can split.
• They are made up of material that absorbs neutrons.
• To turn “ON” in the reactor some rods are pulled out
• These rods are made up of boron or calcium.
• To turn “OFF” in the reactor all the rods are inserted . then the reactors gets
“OFF”

24. NUCLEAR POWER AN INTRODUCTION
They are mainly two types of nuclear
power plants
• Pressurized water reactor (PWR)
• Boiling water reactor (BWR)

25. Pressurized water reactor (PWR)

27. Boiling water reactor (BWR)

29. GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

30. GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT AN INTRODUCTION
Working principle :
Gas turbine burns fuels such as oil,natural
gas and pulverized coal instead of using the
heat to produce steam, gas turbine uses the hot
gas directly to rotate the turbine blades and
produces electricity through generators.
• In gas turbine power plant there are two
systems classified and they are ,
1. Open cycle gas turbine system
2. Closed cycle gas turbine power plant.

31. COMPONENTS
1. Staring motor
2. Low pressure compressor (LPC)
3. Inter cooler
4. High pressure compressor (HPC)
5. Regenerator (heat exchanger)
6. Combustion chamber (CC)
7. High pressure turbine (HPT)
8. Low pressure turbine(LPT)

44. Boiler
• Boiler is closed vessel in which water is converted
in to steam by the application of heat.
there are two types of boilers
1. Fire tube boiler
2. Water tube boiler

45. FTB WTB