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Nuclear Power Station
Md. Farid Ahmed
Bsc in Electircal & Electronics
Engineering
Introductio
A generating station is known which nuclear energy is convert into electrical energy is
known as a nuclear power station.
In nuclear power station, heavy elements such as Uranium (235
U92) or Thorium (232
U) are
subjected to nuclear fission in a special aparatus known as a reactor. A huge amount
of heat released is utilized in rising steam at high temperature and pressure. The
steam runs the steam turbine which converts steam enerty ito mechanical energy.
The turbine drives the alternators which converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy.
Advantages & Disadvantages
2
Advantages Disadvantages
 The amount of fuel required is quite small.
Therefore, there is a considerable saving in the
cost of fuel transportation.
 A nuclear power plant requires less spaces as
compared to any other type of the same size.
 There are large deposits of nuclear fuels
available all over the world. Therefore, such
plants can ensure continued supply of electrical
energy for thousands of years.
 The fuel used is expensive and is difficult to
recover.
 The erection and commissioning of the plant
requires greater technical know-how.
 The fission by-products are generally
radioactive and may cause a dangerous amount
fo radioactive pollution.
Chain Reaction
3
proton
neutron
U-235 nucleus
 Neutrons released in fissionNeutrons released in fission trigger
the fissions of other nuclei
Chain Reaction
4
 Uranium exists as an isotope in the form of U235
which is unstable.
 When the nucleus of an atom of Uranium is split, the neutrons released hit other atoms
and split them in turn. More energy is released each time another atom splits. This is called
a chain reaction.
schematic arrangement of nuclear power station
5
control rods
fuel
rods
reactor
pressure
vessel
water
(cool)
water
(hot)
water
(high pressure)
water
(low pressure)
coolant out
coolant in
steam
condenser
steam (low
pressure)
turbine
electric
power
steam
generator
steam (high pressure)
pump
primary loop secondary loop
reactor
core
pump
generator
Reactor
6
 235
U fissions by absorbing a neutron and producing 2 to 3 neutrons, which
initiate on average one more fission to make a controlled chain reaction
 Normal water is used as a moderator to slow the neutrons since slow
neutrons take longer to pass by a U nucleus and have more time to be
absorbed
 The protons in the hydrogen in the water have the same mass as the neutron
and stop them by a billiard ball effect
 The extra neutrons are taken up by protons to form deuterons
 235
U is enriched from its 0.7% in nature to about 3% to produce the reaction,
and is contained in rods in the water
 Boron control rods are inserted to absorb neutrons when it is time to shut
down the reactor
 The hot water is boiled or sent through a heat exchanger to produce steam.
The steam then powers turbines.
Selection of site for nuclear power station
7
a) Availability of water:
b) Disposal of waste:
c) Distance form population area:
d) Transportation facilities:

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Nuclear power station Energy

  • 1. Nuclear Power Station Md. Farid Ahmed Bsc in Electircal & Electronics Engineering
  • 2. Introductio A generating station is known which nuclear energy is convert into electrical energy is known as a nuclear power station. In nuclear power station, heavy elements such as Uranium (235 U92) or Thorium (232 U) are subjected to nuclear fission in a special aparatus known as a reactor. A huge amount of heat released is utilized in rising steam at high temperature and pressure. The steam runs the steam turbine which converts steam enerty ito mechanical energy. The turbine drives the alternators which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • 3. Advantages & Disadvantages 2 Advantages Disadvantages  The amount of fuel required is quite small. Therefore, there is a considerable saving in the cost of fuel transportation.  A nuclear power plant requires less spaces as compared to any other type of the same size.  There are large deposits of nuclear fuels available all over the world. Therefore, such plants can ensure continued supply of electrical energy for thousands of years.  The fuel used is expensive and is difficult to recover.  The erection and commissioning of the plant requires greater technical know-how.  The fission by-products are generally radioactive and may cause a dangerous amount fo radioactive pollution.
  • 4. Chain Reaction 3 proton neutron U-235 nucleus  Neutrons released in fissionNeutrons released in fission trigger the fissions of other nuclei
  • 5. Chain Reaction 4  Uranium exists as an isotope in the form of U235 which is unstable.  When the nucleus of an atom of Uranium is split, the neutrons released hit other atoms and split them in turn. More energy is released each time another atom splits. This is called a chain reaction.
  • 6. schematic arrangement of nuclear power station 5 control rods fuel rods reactor pressure vessel water (cool) water (hot) water (high pressure) water (low pressure) coolant out coolant in steam condenser steam (low pressure) turbine electric power steam generator steam (high pressure) pump primary loop secondary loop reactor core pump generator
  • 7. Reactor 6  235 U fissions by absorbing a neutron and producing 2 to 3 neutrons, which initiate on average one more fission to make a controlled chain reaction  Normal water is used as a moderator to slow the neutrons since slow neutrons take longer to pass by a U nucleus and have more time to be absorbed  The protons in the hydrogen in the water have the same mass as the neutron and stop them by a billiard ball effect  The extra neutrons are taken up by protons to form deuterons  235 U is enriched from its 0.7% in nature to about 3% to produce the reaction, and is contained in rods in the water  Boron control rods are inserted to absorb neutrons when it is time to shut down the reactor  The hot water is boiled or sent through a heat exchanger to produce steam. The steam then powers turbines.
  • 8. Selection of site for nuclear power station 7 a) Availability of water: b) Disposal of waste: c) Distance form population area: d) Transportation facilities: