1. NAME: MARIE CHAR C. AGUSTINES
COURSE: BSED-SCIENCE 22
BIOCHEMISTRY
ACTIVITY #1
PART A: HOW BIG IS IT?
Object Sketch Size in nanometers,
micrometers or millimeters
Human Hair
Hair has approximately 80,000-
100,000 nanometers, 75
micrometers in size, and ranging
anywhere from 17 to 181 in
millimeters.
Dust Mite
Dust Mite has approximately 17
μm in nanometers, dust mites are
0.5-50 microns in size and it is
about 25-30 millimeters in size.
Red blood Cells
A red blood cell is about 7000 nm
wide. Normal RBCs have a
diameter of 6-8 μm. The diameter
or RBC in millimeter is only 6.
E.coli
E coli can be directly measured
at 600 nm in the cell culture flask.
The E coli is about 1.0-2.0
micrometers and 0.001 to 0.00
millimeters.
2. Staphylococcus
The staphylococcus is about 0.5
by 1.5 micrometers,
approximately 600 nanometers in
diameter, and 0.5 – 1.5
millimeters.
Ebola virus
Ebola Virus may measure up to
14,000 nanometers in length with
a diameter of 80 nanometers, the
lengths that ranged to 10 μm,
and it is about 5 millimeters.
Rhinovirus
Rhinovirus has a diameters of
about 30 nanometers, its has a
diameter of 0.4 micrometers (μm)
and it is about to 3.0 – 0.5
millimeters.
What I did and What I learned:
In the activity above, I did some research about cells. I learned
what was the size of the said organelles in nanometers,
micrometers or in millimeters as well as their functions. I also
learned what that organelles looks like in a close up view.
3. Part B: Bacterial Cell Model
Part C: Animal Cell Model
1. What do mitochondria do?
- Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate
most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. Chemical
energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine
triphosphate (ATP).
2. How big are mitochondria?
Mitochondria are typically round to oval in shape and range in size from 0.5 to 10 μm. In
addition to producing energy, mitochondria store calcium for cell signaling activities, generate
heat, and mediate cell growth and death.
3. What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
A Golgi body, also known as a Golgi apparatus, is a cell organelle that helps process and
package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.
4. What is the difference between smooth and rough ER?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) has ribosomes on its surface. This is what give the
RER a "rough" appearance. Rough ER looks like sheets.The RER synthesizes (makes) and
packages proteins. The RER is attached to the nuclear membrane. The Golgi apparatus tends
to be on the other side of the RER. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) does not contain
ribosomes. The Smooth ER looks more like tubes. The SER helps in the storage of proteins
and lipids. Cells that produce oils have a higher ratio of SERs than do other cells. The smooth
endoplasmic reticulum can be found dispersed throughout the cytoplasm of the cell.
5. Where is the nucleolus found?
The nucleolus is a region found within the cell nucleus.
Bacterial Flagelium Chromosome/DNA
Ribosome
Cell Wall
Capsule
Pili/Pilus
Cell Membranes
4. 6. What does the nucleolus do?
It is concerned with producing and assembling the cell's ribosomes. Following assembly,
ribosomes are transported to the cell cytoplasm where they serve as the sites for protein
synthesis.
7. What does the cytoskeleton do?
The cytoskeleton organizes other constituents of the cell, maintains the cell's shape, and
is responsible for the locomotion of the cell itself and the movement of the various organelles
within it.
8. Cytosol goes by what other name?
The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm
9. What is the function of the cytosol?
It is involved in signal transduction between the cell membrane and the nucleus and
organelles. It transports metabolites from their production site to other parts of the cell. It is
important for cytokinesis, when the cell divides in mitosis. The cytosol plays a role in eukaryote
metabolism.
10.What is the function of the lysosome?
They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses
and bacteria. If the cell is damaged beyond repair, lysosomes can help it to self-destruct in a
process called programmed cell death, or apoptosis.
NUCLEUS
5. Part D: Plant Cell Model
1. What other type of cell has a cell wall?
A cell wall is a fairly rigid layer surrounding a cell located outside of the plasma membrane
that provides additional support and protection. They are found in bacteria, archaea, fungi,
plants, and algae. Animals and most other protists have cell membranes without
surrounding cell walls. Besides plant cells, Bacteria, fungi and algae cells have cell walls.
The cell wall is the extra layer located outside of the cell membrane.
2. What makes the plant cells green?
The longer answer lies in the details of photosynthesis, the electromagnetic spectrum,
energy and “special pairs” of chlorophyll molecules in each plant cell. As such, plants look
green because they absorb red light most efficiently and the green light is reflected.
Chlorophyll is a green pigment in plants that allows them to absorb light and make their
own food.
3. In plant cells, what does the vacuole do?
A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water
balance. Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most of the interior space of the plant
cell.
6. Part E: Overview
ACTIVITY # 12: WHAT I’VE LEARNED
Let me tell you something important things I’ve learned about cells, first I’ll start with what the
size or how big the parts of cell is. And I also labeled the bacterial cell model, and I’ve done also the
different parts of Animal cell and Plant cell. And lastly I also recognize those different structures of the
said organelles.
Next I’ll tell you about the functions of every organelles or cell is, such as What does the Golgi
Apparatus do, a Golgi body, also known as a Golgi apparatus, is a cell organelle that helps process
and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.
And that’s one of the topic I learned.
Something else I learned was the chloroplast, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
apparratus is absent in Bacteria cell. So the said cell does not contain the mention organelles.
Lastly, I now really know and understand that we have different cells. Plants also have cells. We
can have virus as what animals have also. And also the measurements of the said organelles, so
small that we can imagine.
In cocnlusion, there are a lots of things you would learn if you study science. You can explore things
around you even inside you.
ORGANELLE PLANT ANIMAL BACTERIA
Vacoule
/
/
Chloroplast /
Ribosomes / /
Mitochondria / /
DNA / /
Endoplasmic Reticulum / /
Cell Wall / /
Golgi Apparatus / /
