4. Liposomes were first described by British hematologist Alec
D Bangham in 1961 (published 1964).
Liposomes are small artificial vesicles of spherical shape and
composed of one more phospholipids bilayer and an aqueous
core at the centre and have amphipathic in nature.
Liposomes, were consists of Lipos (fat) + soma (body).
Liposomes composed of lecithin which are used as
encapsulator antioxidant and cholesterol is an important
component of biological membrane.
4
5. Liposomes increased efficacy and therapeutic index of
drug.
Liposome increased stability via encapsulation.
Liposomes are non-toxic, flexible, biocompatible,
completely biodegradable, and non-immunogenic for
systemic and non-systemic administrations.
Liposomes reduce the toxicity of the encapsulated
agent.
Liposomes help to reduce the exposure of sensitive
tissues to toxic drugs site avoidance effect.
Flexibility to couple with site-specific to achieve active
targeting.
5
6. Low solubility.
Short half-life.
Leakage and fusion of encapsulated.
drug/molecules.
Production cost is high.
6
11. 11
Rheological analysis of the experimental liposome was performed by using
Rheometer.
Fig 5 . Types of liposomes formation
12. 12
The release studies were carried out in 250 ml beaker containing 100
ml of phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The beaker was assembled on a
magnetic stirrer and the medium was equilibrated at 37±50C. Dialysis
membrane was taken and one end of the membrane was sealed.
Fig 6 . In vitro release of liposomes
13. Entrapment efficiency of liposomes was
determined by centrifugation method, the
liposomes were subjected to centrifugal on a
laboratory centrifuge (Remi R4C) at 3500 rpm
at 5ºC for a period of 45 min to separate the
free drug from solution.
13
14. Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
provides the surface morphology of the sample.
14
15. The pH of liposomes formulations was determined by using
digital pH meter. About 1g of the liposomes was weighed and
dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water and stored for 1 hours.
15
Fig 7 . pH parameter for liposome testing
16. Site specific targeting.
Sustained / controlled release.
Gene therapy.
Herbal preparation.
Anti-Aging.
Ocular delivery of antibiotic.
16
18. Bangham A, Standish M.M, Watkins J, 1965, Diffusion of univalent ions across the
lamellae of swollen phospholipids, Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 13, pp. 238-
252.
Torchilin, V, Weissig, V, 2003, Liposomes: A Practical Approach. Oxford
University Press: Kettering, UK, Vol.4, pp.77-101.
Vemuri S, Rhodes CT, 1995, Preparation and characterization of liposomes a
therapeutic delivery system, a review, Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 70(2), 95-
111.
Khan I, Elhissi A, Shah M, Alhnan MA, Waqar A, 2013, Liposome based carrier
systems and devices used for pulmonary drug delivery, In: DAVIM JP (ed.)
Biomaterial and medical tribology research and development, pp. 395-443.
Khan I, Yousaf S, Subramanian S, Alhnan M A, Ahmed W, 2007, Proliposome
Powders for the Generation of Leptosomes, the Influence of Carbohydrate Carrier
and Separation Conditions on Crystallinity and Entrapment of a Model Antiasthma
Steroid, AAPS Pharm SciTech, pp.1-13.
18