A database is a collection of organized information that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated. It contains data records or files. A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that defines, retrieves, and manages data in a database, manipulating the data format and structure. There are several types of databases including centralized, distributed, NoSQL, cloud, relational, network, object-oriented, and hierarchical databases.

1. Database
Prepared by: CH. Abdur Rehman Afzal
Group: GME-03

2. Database is the collection of
information that is organized so
that it can be easily accessed,
managed and updated. It mainly
contains data records or files.

3.  Most databases contain multiple
tables, which may include several
different fields.
For Instance, a company database
may include tables for products
employees and financial records.

4. Database is usually controlled by
Database Management
System(DBMS).

5. A Database Management
System(DBMS) is a software package
designed to define, retrieve, and
manage data in a database. DBMS
generally manipulates data itself, data
format, field names, record structure
and file structure.

6. There are some types of Database as
follows:
1.Centralised Database
2.Distributed Database
3.NoSQL Database
4.Cloud Database
5.Relational Database
6.Network Database
7.Object-Oriented Database
8.Hierarchical Database

8. 1.Centralised Database(CDB):
It is a database that is located, stored
and maintained in a single location.
2.Distributed Database:
It consists of two or more
files located in different sites
either on same network
or different networks.

9. 3.NoSQL Database:
It provide mechanism for storage and
retrieval of data.
4.Cloud Database:
It typically runs on cloud computing
platform and access to database is provided
as-a-service.

10. 5.Relational Database:
It uses a structure that allows us
to identify and access data in relation to another piece
of data in a database.

11. 6.Network Database:
It is a type of database
wherein multiple member
records or files can be
linked to multiple owner files
and vice versa.
7.Object-Oriented Database:
It is a database that subscribes to a
model with information represented by
objects.

12. 8.Hierarchical Database:
It is a data model in which data is
organized into a tree-like structure. The data
are stored as records which are connected
to one another through links.