BIOFERTILLIZERS.GROUPS OF BIOFERTILLIZERS.SCOPE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF BIOFERTILLIZERS
1. BIOFERTILLIZERS.GROUPS OF BIOFERTILLIZERS.SCOPE AND FUTURE
PERSPECTIVE OF BIOFERTILLIZERS
IRAM SHAFIQ
13-ARID-320
SEMESTER : 7th AGRONOMY
BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN
FIXATION
AGR-603
HAFSA NAZIR CHEEMA
13-ARID-320
PRESENTED BY :
PRESENTED TO: DR RASHEED
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2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
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2
DIFFERENT GROUPS OF BIOFERTILIZERS
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APPLICATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS TO CROPS
4
CONSTRAINTS FOR ADAPTATION OF BIOFERTILIZER
TECHNOLOGY
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WHY DO WE NEED BIOFERTILLIZERS?
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SCOPE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF
BIOFERTILIZERS
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3. BIOFERTILIZERS
• A substance which contains living
microorganisms ,which, when applied to
seed , plant surfaces , or soil ,colonizes the
rhizosphere or interior of the plant and
promotes growth by increasing the supply or
availability of primary nutrients to plants .
• Add nutrients through the natural processes
of nitrogen fixation , solubilizing
phosphorous and stimulating plant growth
through the synthesis of growth –stimulating
substances.
• Also named as microbial inoculants .
• Ready to use live formulation of beneficial
microorganisms for enhancing the
productivity of soil.
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4. LOGO
• Its eco friendly in that it not only prevents,
damaging the natural resource but also helps
to some extent cleanse the plant from
precipitated chemical fertilizers which have
damaging effects like;
• Polluting water basins.
• Destroying microorganisms and beneficial
insects.
• Reducing soil fertility and irreparable damage
• Bio-fertilizer is technically living , it can
symbiotically associate with plant roots.
Involved microorganisms can readily
and safely convert complex organic
material in simple compounds ,so that
plants can easily take up.
• Maintains stomatal functioning turgor
potential and transpiration.
• It maintains the natural habitat of the
soil
• It increases crop yield by 20-30%.
• Biofertilizers provide protection against
drought and some soil-borne diseases.
• Fortify the soil and improves soil
structure and profile
• Replaces chemical nitrogen and
phosphorous by 25%,and stimulates
plant growth.
• Bio-fertilizers are cost effective relative
to chemical fertilizer.
WHY DO WE NEED BIOFERTILIZERS
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5. They scavenge
phosphate from
soil layers .
Solubilise the insoluble
form of phosphates like
tricalcium,iron and
aluminum phosphate into
available forms.
Fix atmospheric N in the soil
and root nodules of legume
crops and make it available to
the plants.
HOW DOES BIOFERTILIZER WORKS
Promotes hormones and
metabolites which promotes
root growth .
Decompose organic
matter and help in soil
mineralization.
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7. LOGO
AZOTOBACTER
Found in neutral to
alkaline soils.
Azotobacter belongs to
azotobacteriaceae.
Produce polysaccrides
which improves soil
aggregation.
Fix biologically active
PGRs like IAA and
gibberellins.
Anabaena azollae
Free- floating water fern
used as biofertilizer for
wetland rice.
Fixes atmospheric N in
association with N fixing
PGA (Anabaena azollae
known to contribute
40-60 Kg N/ha per rice
crop.
RHIZOBIUM
Soil habitat bacterium
able to colonize the
legume roots.
Belongs to rhizobiaceae.
Fixes 50-100 kg /ha/yr
of nitrogen.
Fixes atmospheric
elemental N symbiotically
into plant useable form.
AZOSPIRILLIUM
Proliferates under both
anaerobic and aerobic
conditions.
Belongs to spirillaceae
family.
Nitrogen fixing ability of
20-40 kg/ha.
PGRs production(IAA),
disease resistance and
drought tolerance are
other benefits.
Nitrogen fixing biofertilizer
FREE LIVING SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIVE
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8. LOGO
APPLICATION OF BIOFERTILLIZER
SEED TREATMENT
(Seed inoculation method)
The inoculant (bacteria-carrier mixture)
is mixed with water to make slurry and
then mixed with seeds.
SEEDLING ROOT DIP
(Root inoculation method)
For vegetables mix both N and
P bio fertilizers in water.
Dip the roots of seedlings in
this suspension for 30-40 min
before transplanting.
For paddy make a bed in the
field and fill it with water.
Mix bio fertilizers in water and
dip the roots of seedlings for 8-
10 hrs.
SOIL TREATMENT
(Soil inoculation)
All biofertilizers along with the
compost fertilizers are mixed together.
They are kept for one night .
Then the next day this mixture is
spread on the soil where seeds have to
be sown.
For inoculation in general, granular
inoculant is placed into the furrow under
or alongside the seed.
This enhances the chance for
inoculated strain to be in contact with
plant roots.
The slurry is then poured over the
seeds spread on a cemented floor and
mixed properly in a way that a thin layer
is formed around the seeds.
The treated seeds should be dried in
the shade overnight and then they
should be used.
Generally, 750 gram of biofertilizer is
required to treat the legume seeds for
one hectare area
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9. LOGO
PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BIOFERTILIZER
S W
OT
Group of beneficial bacteria capable of
hydrolyzing organic and inorganic
phosphorous from insoluble compounds.
Releases insoluble phosphorus in soil and fix
in clay minerals.
Example includes pseudomonas, species of
bacillus ,penicillium and Aspergillus .
Seed inoculation of PSB-30 kg of
phosphorous /ha.
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10. PHOSPHATE MOBILIZING
BIOFERTILIZER(mycorrizha)
A symbiotic ,generally mutualistic association between a
fungus and roots of vascular plants.
Transfer P from the soil to the root cortex.
The fungus colonizes the host plant roots, either
interacellularly or extracellularly and increase surface area
of roots.
This association provides the fungus with access to
carbohydrates.
In return ,the plant gains the benefits of mycelium higher
absorptive capacity for water and mineral.
Plants roots alone may be incapable of taking up phosphate
ions that are demineralized in soil with basic PH.
The mycelium of the mycorrhizal fungus can make P
available to the plants they colonize.
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11. BIOFERTILIZERS
SILICATE AND ZINC SOLUBILIZING
BIOFERTILIZER
Micro-organisms are capable of degrading
silicates and aluminum silicates.
Bacterial sp degrade silicates and aluminum
silicates in soil.
Help in silicate weathering.
E.g. Bacillus sp can be used as bio-fertilizer
for zinc or aluminum silicates because these
organisms solubilize the zinc present in the
soil and make it available to the plants.
PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING
RHIZOBACTERIA
Act s both biofertilizer and biopesticide.
Promote growth by:
Improved Nutrient Availability (Biofertilizers)
Suppression of Plant Disease (Bioprotectants)
Phytohormones Production (Biostimulants)
The produce include indole-acetice acid
,cytokinins,gibberellins and inhibitors of
ethylene production.
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12. LOGO
CONSTRAINTS FOR ADOPTION OF BIOFERTILIZER
TECHNOLOGY
Specific to plants.eg
Rhizobium sp culture
does᾿t work well in high
nitrate tolerant strains.
Short shelf life.
Requires qualified
technical persons.
Prone to
contamination.
The acceptability of
biofertilizers has been rather
low because they do not
produce quick and
spectacular response.
Lack of regulation and
standards, quality issues of the
product.
High initial investment to
production unit.
lack of publicity are the major
constraints in the widespread
use of biofertilizers in Pakistan.
As such there is no harmful impacts of biofertilizers if used
properly. However some constraints are:
LOGO12
13. LOGO
SCOPE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF
BIOFERTILIZERS
The use of biofertilizers
can play an important role
in sustaining the
agriculture systems. In
Pakistan, where fertilizer
is annually a hundred
billion rupees business,
even a 10% contribution
by biofertilizer can save
rupees 10 billion.
Biofertilizers offer a huge
potential for widespread use
offering both economical and
environmental advantage to
farmers/growers and
commercial viability to
production units.
Various research
groups/organizations are
engaged in research and
development on
biofertilizers and have
made their efforts to
increase the application of
biofertilizers in Pakistan's
agriculture
Assuring quality of
products, concept of food
security, and concept of
safe food with extensive
field-based testing, capacity
building of resource persons
and stakeholders on
standard production
processes, storage and
application will help a wider
adoption and
popularization of the
biofertilizer technologies in
Pakistan
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