Biofertilizers or microbial inoculants are the carrier-based preparations containing sufficient number of microorganisms in a viable state inoculated to soil or seed to augment the nutrient availability to plant by enhancing the growth and proliferation of microorganisms.

1. Biofertilizer Provide Value to the Environment
EXP 301 EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING - 1 (0+5)
BIO-INOCULANTS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Mr. R. VENKATESH
20140040003
Leave the Earth for Future Generation

4. PESTICIDE
AGRICULTURE
FERTILIZER

5. PESTICIDE
AGRICULTURE
MEDICINEFOOD
FERTILIZER

6. MINERAL FERTILIZER

7. 0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
0.0
3000.0
6000.0
9000.0
12000.0
15000.0
18000.0
21000.0
1966-67
1969-70
1972-73
1975-76
1978-79
1981-82
1984-85
1987-88
1990-91
1993-94
1996-97
1999-2000
2002-03
inMillionMT
in'000MT
Exploring Relationship Between Food grain Production &
Fertilizer Consumption
NPK Consumption
Foodgrain Production

8. Agriculturally
Beneficial
microorganisms

9. CHEMICAL FERTILIZER

11. BIOFERTILIZER

12. Biofertilizers or microbial inoculants are the
carrier-based preparations containing
sufficient number of microorganisms in a
viable state inoculated to soil or seed to
augment the nutrient availability to plant by
enhancing the growth and proliferation of
microorganisms.

13. Increase Soil Fertility
Improves Physico-
Chemical Properties of
Soil
Secrete PGR and antibioticsIncreases Soil Biota

14. As per the latest compilation on mass
production, India has about 225 bio
fertilizer production units with an
installed production capacity of about
98,000 MT per annum.

15. Against this, the actual production
during the year 2010-11 was 37,997 MT.
Out of various types of bio-fertilizers,
PSB bio-fertilizers accounted for nearly
50% of total production and use.

16. VISIBLE
RESULT
BIO
FERTILIZER
POOR
QUALITY
MAJOR ROLE

17. Quality control
Laboratory
Mass Production
Post Production

18. Laboratory Quality Control
Growth
Purity
Gram stain
Optical density
Plant infection test

19. Biofertilizer Days Media
Rhizobium 3-5/5-7 Yeast Mannitol Agar
Azospirillium 3-5 N free Malic Acid
Azotobacter 5
Waksman medium
No.77
Phosphobacteria 3-5 Pikovaskya
Zinc solubilizes 3-5 Zinc Minimal
K solubilizes 3-5 Luria Bertani

20. Biofertilizer Purity
Rhizobium Glucose Peptone Agar
Azospirillium Production of acid
Phosphobacteria Invitro P solubilization
Zinc solubilizes Solublization of unavailable zinc
K solubilizes Solublization of unavailable K

23. The use of ideal carrier material is necessary in the
production of good quality biofertilizer. Peat soil,
lignite, vermiculite, charcoal, press mud, farmyard
manure and soil mixture can be used as carrier
materials. The neutralized peat soil/lignite are found to
be better carrier materials for biofertilizer production.

24. Non-toxic to inoculant bacterial strain.
Good moisture absorption capacity.
Easy to process .
Easy to sterilize by autoclaving.
Inexpensive.
Good adhesion to seeds, and
Good pH buffering capacity.
Non-toxic to plant.

25. • The carrier material (peat or lignite) is powdered to a
fine powder so as to pass through 212 micron IS sieve.
• The pH of the carrier material is neutralized with the
help of calcium carbonate (1:10 ratio) , since the peat
soil / lignite are acidic in nature ( pH of 4 - 5)
• The neutralized carrier material is sterilized in an
autoclave to eliminate the contaminants.

26. Post
production
Packing
Transportation
Storage

27. Package should be air and water-tight and double-
bagged to protect the inoculum from direct sunlight.
The inner plastic should preferably be transparent and
heat resistant (up to 121°C), and the outer packet bright
and opaque to reflect sunlight (UV rays) during
transportation and storage. (It should not be black, as
black absorbs heat and large amounts of UV rays).

28.  Transportation at temperatures between 10ºC to 28ºC to
keep organisms alive.
 In very hot areas, consider transporting in cold vans/ice
box.
 Do not expose to direct sunlight or vehicle engine heat.
 Do not transport together with chemicals (e.g. pesticides).

29. Labelling

32. B
I
S

33. B
I
S
BACTERIAL BIOFERTILIZERS

34. 1. Carrier material in form of moist/dry powder or
granules, or liquid based.
2. CFU minimum 5x107 cells/g of powder, granules or
carrier material or 1x108 cells/ml of liquid.
3. No contamination at 105 dilution.
4. 6.5-7.5 pH.
5. All material shall pass through 0.15-0.212mm IS
sieve.
6. 30-40% moisture content.

35. B
I
S
MYCORRHIZAL BIOFERTILIZER

36. 1. Fine powder/tablets/granules/root biomass mixed
with growing substrate.
2. 90% should pass through 250 micron IS sieve (60
BSS).
3. 8 -12% moisture content.
4. 6.0 to 7.5 pH.
5. 100 viable propagules/g of finished product.
6. 80 infection points in test roots/g of mycorrhizal
inoculum used.

38. Till 2006 although BIS standards were followed for
assessment of quality for four types of bio fertilizers,
but it was voluntary in nature. Concerned with the
continued quality issues, the Government of India
brought four bio fertilizers namely Rhizobium,
Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB under the ambit of
Fertilizer (Control) Order 1985 (FCO) during 2006.

39. With the picking up of mycorrhizal biofertilizer
production through tissue culture technique, the
same was also brought under the FCO with
separate specifications. Recently, two more bio
fertilizers, namely potash mobilizing and zinc
solubilizing bio fertilizers have also been
incorporated under FCO.

40. National Centre of Organic Farming
(NCOF), Ghaziabad and its six Regional
Centres located at Bhubaneswar, Bangalore,
Jabalpur, Nagpur, Hissar and Imphal have
been declared as notified testing laboratories.

41. State Governments can also develop their
own quality control laboratories and notify
them under the FCO 1985. So far, 11 State
Governments have developed their quality
control laboratories and notified their own
biofertilizer testing laboratories.

42. Under the statutory provisions of FCO,
biofertilizer production and its sales have been
regulated and is a mandatory requirement of
registration for every manufacturing unit with the
State Fertilizer Controller (who is generally the
Commissioner or Director of Agriculture
Department).

43. In every district, some officers of the
Agriculture Department have been declared
as Fertilizer Inspectors, who are authorized
to inspect production and storage facilities
and draw samples for quality analysis.

44. Constraints in Biofertilizer Technology

45. 1. Use of improper, less efficient strains for
production.
2. Short shelf life of inoculants.
3. Lack of facility for cold storage of inoculant
packets.
4. Non-availability of sufficient funds and problems
in getting bank loans.

46. 5. Less return by sale of products in smaller production
units.
6. Soil characteristics like salinity, acidity, drought, water
logging, etc.
7. Unawareness on the benefits of the technology.
8. Unawareness on the damages caused on the ecosystem
by continuous application of inorganic fertilizer.

47. `