biotechnology, agriculture, CRISPR

1. Presented by ; Afia
Shafique
BIOFERTILIZERS

2. • What is
Biofertilizer?
A substance which contains living
microorganisms ; when applied to seeds
, plant surfaces or soil , colonize the
rhizosphere or interior of plant and
promote growth of plants by increasing
the supply of primary nutrients to host
plant.

3. • Chemical Fertilizers Biofertilizers
Synthetic
Hazardous
Expensive
Specific (N, P ,Zn )
Degrade and affect soil
Efficiency is low
Natural products
Ecologically safe
Low cost
Multipurpose
Reconditions soil
High

5. Nitrogen
Fixers
Phosphorus
solubilizers
Mobilizers of
Zn, Fe, K
Phyto-
stimulators
Biocontrol
agents

6. General Method
Of Preparation;

7. • Rhizobium As A Biofertilizer;
Rhizobium is a gram- negative , aerobic , rod shaped bacterium. It is a soil
bacterium present in large numbers in rhizosphere of legume roots.
Different species of rhizobium can fix 50-200 kg nitrogen /ha/year in
leguminous crops.
Steps involved in production ;
Isolation
Identification
Establishment of starter culture
Mass culture
Mixing with carrier
Packaging and storage

9. • Field Application And Crop Response Field
These are recommended for various leguminous crops by seed
treatment.
50 g of sugar mixed dissolved in 500ml of water , boiled for 15
minutes.
200g of gum Arabic added to boiling sugar solution ,added to
slurry .
Seeds are allowed into sticker solution and mixed well .
Seeds are sown in main field.

10. Crop Response;
• Seed inoculation of a proper strain increase growth and yield of
many legumes.
• Rhizobium usually increase the yield of legumes upto 10-35%.
• It also increase the yield of many cereal crops.

11. Phosphate Biofertilizers
Microbes which solubilize bound phosphates and rock phosphate
into simple soluble phosphates are called phosphate solubilizing
bacteria.
These can save upto 30-50 kg of super phosphate per hectare .
Production of phosphate solubilizers;
Pikovskaia medium – medium specific for such biofertilizers ;
treated with gum Arabic then put into petri dishes .
1 g rhizosphere soil suspended in distilled water , inoculated into
medium and microbial colonies formed acts as starter culture.

12. Field Application;
• These fertilizers provide 20-30 % of phosphate required for crop
production.
• Phosphate biofertilizer well suited for all types of crops.
• Help in root formation and disease resistance.

13. VAM fungi;
• Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi -symbiotic , endotrophic
mychorrizal fungi in roots .
• Help in intake of more minerals .
• Increase concentration of chlorophyll and cytokinins in plant.
• Reduce sensitivity of crop towards high level of salts
• Provide resistance against pathogens.
• Reduce stunning of plant growth.

14. Biofertilizers - Methods Of Application
1. Seed Treatment
Seed to be treated with Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Asospirillium
along with P.S.M.
First coating of bacteria and then P.S.M
No side effect.
2. Root Dipping
3. Soil application

15. Disadvantages;
Requires special for long term storage
Must be used before expiry date
If micro-organism contaminate media or user use wrong strain,
it will not be effective.
Not useful in hot and dry environment.