1. The document discusses the growth of the Indian independence movement from the 1850s up until the 1919 Montague-Chelmsford Act. 2. Key organizations formed included the British Indian Association in 1851, the Indian National Congress in 1885, and the All India Muslim League in 1906. Gandhi emerged as a leader in the 1920s and employed nonviolent civil disobedience tactics. 3. The document outlines the divide between moderate and extremist factions within the movement. It also discusses events that radicalized Indians such as the 1905 partition of Bengal and the non-fulfillment of demands.

1. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 1

2. British Indian Association formed
in 1851 in Bengal to put up
complaints to British
Indian Association was formed by
Surendra nath Banerjee who was
dismissed from Indian Civil Service
Dadabhai Naoroji started the
Bombay Association in 1852
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 2

3. Dadabhai Naoroji- Gave the
theory of Drain of Wealth
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 3

4. Surendranath Banerjee-
Formed Indian Association
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 4

5. INC was formed in 1885 . Its first
session held in Bombay
It was presided over by WC
Banerjee
A.O Hume played a leading role in
its formation
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 5

6. A O Hume & WC Banerjee
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 6

7. Aims of INC
To bring together national leaders
To unite Indians for common
political goals, irrespective of
differences in religion, language,
caste or region
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 7

8. Creation of Legislative councils
where they did not exist
Election of members to the
Legislative councils
Reduction in military expenditure
Holding of ICS Exam both in
England and India
Raising of age-limit of the
candidates
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 8

9. INC followed a moderate
programme in the early years of
existence
The leaders did not want the
separation or independence but
continued association with Britain
Their attitude was not anti-British
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 9

10. Dadabhai Naoroji
Surendranath Banerjee
MG Ranade
GK Gokhale
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 10

11. GK
Gokhale -
An
important
Moderate
leader
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 11

12. A moderate
leader, an
active worker of
Prarthana
Samaj and a
staunch
supporter of
Widow
remarriage
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 12

13. Gradual introduction of reforms in
the govt. and administration of
India
More powers to Legislative
councils and members be elected
Indians be given higher posts
ICS Exam be held in India also
&minimum age of entry be raised
Opposed heavy military
expenditure abdul shumz kv kanjikode 13

14. Moderates followed peaceful &
constitutional methods
Passed resolutions and sent petitions for
Govt. consideration
Tried to create public opinion in favour of
their just demands
Sent delegations and made
representations to the Govt.
Leaders popularized their demands in
Britain as well
Moderates hoped that their methods of
persuasion would bring better resultsabdul shumz kv kanjikode 14

15. HOSTILE ATTITUDE
OF THE BRITISH
As the methods of Moderates did
not bring desired result, demands
became more radical
As the demands became radical,
Govt. became hostile
Lord Dufferin declared Congress
as a microscopic minority and as
such unworthy of attention.
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 15

16. Growth of Militant Nationalism
or Extremism (1905 to1919)
Towards the end of 19th century and
in the early years of 20trh century a
new phase(trend) began in Indian
Nationalist Movement.
It is called Militant Nationalism or
Extremism
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 16

17. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 17

18. Non fulfillment of just demands of
Moderates
Careless attitude of the government
during famine in the 19th century
Unpopular measures of Lord Curzon &
Bengal partition
Role of Lal-Bal –Pal
Repressive measures like Press Act &
Arms act
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 18

19. VOC PILLAI –FOUNDER OF THE
SWADESHI STEAM
NAVIGATION COMPANY
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 19

20. TILAK-THE FATHER OF
INDIAN UNREST
Swaraj is my Birth Right &
I shall have it!
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 20

21. Aimed at achieving
Swaraj
(Self Government)
through self help
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 21

22. Swadeshi movement
Boycott of foreign goods
Hartal;(strike)
Passive resistance
National education
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 22

23. Moderates vs. Extremists
Moderates
Policy –
Persuasion and
constitutional
means
Methods –
Petitions, prayers,
appeals,
representations
etc.
Extremists
Policy – Agitation
and force
Methods –
Swadeshi,
boycott, strike &
passive
resistance
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 23

24. Popularity of Extremists
They openly attack British Govt
Extremists suffered heavily
Extremists created feelings of
patriotism, self reliance and self
rule
Role of Lal-Bal-Pal
Bengal partition was cancelled
mainly due to Extremists
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 24

25. A famous
Extremist
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 25

26. Another
famous
Extremist
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 26

27. Another
famous
Extremist
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 27

28. Lord Curzon came to India as New
Viceroy in 1898
He was anti-Indian
He came with the intention of
peaceful demise of INC
He imposed unpopular measures
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 28

29. The man behind
the partition of
Bengal
He tried to widen
the gap between
Hindus & Muslims
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 29

30. * Bengal Partition was done in
1905 by Lord Curzon
* Bengal province included
Bihar and parts of Orissa
* The aim of partition was
given out as administrative
convenience
* Real intention was to weaken
n the National movement and
sow seeds of communal
violence abdul shumz kv kanjikode 30

31. 1.Nationwide protest
2. All sections of the society took
part
Finally British cancelled the plan
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 31

32. Congress session of 1906 -
Calcutta
For the first time attainment of
Swaraj was accepted as the aim of
INC
Congress gave support to Boycott,
Swadeshi movements
Meeting presided over by Dadabhai
Naoroji
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 32

33. Swadeshi means of one‟s own
country
It means people should use good
produced with in the country
Aim was to reduce the sale of
British goods and promote native
industries
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 33

34. Boycotting foreign goods
Boycotting shops selling foreign
goods
Setting fire on foreign goods
Boycotting court and schools &
colleges run by British Govt.
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 34

35. Students and women actively
participated and made it popular
Developed patriotic feelings
Many swadeshi shops were
opened
It proved to be a powerful weapon
subsequently
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 35

36. Surat split - 1907
Session led to split in the congress
Moderates wanted to be achieved
swaraj through constitutional
means
Extremists wanted to achieve it
through direct agitation
Two groups later held separate
meetings
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 36

37. FORMATION OF MUSLIM LEAGUE
Formed on 30 Dec 1906 at
Dacca with the blessings of
British Govt
Agha Khan(religious head) and
Nawab Salimullah of Dacca
were behind it.
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 37

38. Salimullah Khan
Nawab of
Dhaka, who was
a member of the
Muslim
delegation to
Simla,founded
the Muslim
League in 1906
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 38

39. Aims of Muslim League
To create or promote a sense of
loyalty among Muslims towards
British
To protect the rights of Muslims
To prevent hostile feeling towards
other communities
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 39

40. MUSLIM LEAGUE &
COMMUNAL POLITICS
Introduction of Communal Politics
Demand of Two nation theory
Led to Partition of India
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 40

41. Emergence of Revolutionary
activities
In the early years in the 2st
decade of 20th century a number
of Revolutionary groups arose
Carried their activities
underground
Believed freedom can be
achieved only through
revolutionary activities
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 41

42. VD Savarkar
A Revolutionary,
who organized
activities outside
India.
Started the news
paper „Abhinav
Bharat‟
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 42

43. Pandit Shyamaji Krishnavarma
A
Revolutionary
who
organized
activities
outside India
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 43

44. Activities/Methods
No faith in the constitutional agitations
Believed that by in terrorizing British
Officials they would be able to
demoralize the Govt.
Organized assassination of unpopular
British Officials, magistrates etc.
Committed dacotics to collect money
for their activities and looted arms
Revolutionary movements were
organized outside India too
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 44

45. Leaders
Khudiram Bose
Shahid Profulla Chaki
Aurobindo Ghosh
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 45

46. Aurobindo Ghosh
» A revolutionary who later gave up the
revolutionary activities and set up
Aurobindo Ashram at Pondicherry
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 46

47. Khudiram Bose – A famous
revolutionary leader
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 47

48. Bhagat Singh – Shot dead ASP
Saunders
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 48

49. Chandran Sekhar Azad
A revolutionary
leader who
escaped arrest
and fought
against the
British till the last
bullet and finally
shot himself;lf
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 49

50. Surya Sen
A famous revolutionary who captured
the British Armoury at Chittagong
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 50

51. HEROISM
Revolutionaries through their act
of heroism and self-sacrifice
became a source of inspiration
They aroused nationalistic feelings
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 51

52. Membership of the central &
provincial legislative councils was
enlarged
Membership in provincial council was
increased to 50, half of them to be
elected
Lord SP Sinha was taken in the
Executive council of the Viceroy
Introduction of separate electorate s
on the basis of religion
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 52

53. Defects of Morley-Minto reforms
Elected members were elected by
landlords, industrialists & traders
Real powers remained with Viceroy
& provincial Governors
Introduction of separate electorate
based on on religion was to follow
Divide & Rule policy
Extremists condemned the reforms
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 53

54. Nationalist Movement during the
1st Word War (1914-18)
British Govt declared
India as an ally
Indian soldiers and
resources were used
The war expenses were
financed out of India‟s
resources
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 54

55. Important events during the war
The Lucknow pact 1916
Tilak and Annie Besant started
Home Rule Leagues.
Gandhiji returned from South
Africa & began Champaran
Satyagraha (1917) in Bihar
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 55

56. Annie Besant & Tilak
Annie Besant Tilak
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 56

57. Annual session of INC was held in
1916 at Lucknow
Extremists and Moderates were re-
united
It was the 1st united session since
1907
Unity between INC & Muslim
league was achieved
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 57

58. Demands of the Lucknow pact
Majority of the members of
legislative council be elected
Leg. Councils should be given
wide powers
At least half of the members of
Viceroy‟s Executive council should
be Indians
Lucknow Pact was a Congress-
Muslim League united programme
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 58

59. Nationalist movement grew into a
widespread mass movement under
Gandhiji
Introduced Satyagraha a Non
violent method of agitation.
Person offering Satyagraha prepares
himself mentally and physically to
bear any type of hardship or suffering
It is a weapon of brave & not the
weak
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 59

60. –HOME RULE LEAGUE
Congress extended support
to the British during 1st
World War
Congress soon realised that
British not likely to give any
representative government to
the Indians
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 60

61. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 61
• Tilak & Annie Besant
demanded for the introduction
of self-government in India.
• This is known as the agitation
for Home Rule
• Tilak set up the Indian Home
Rule League in 1916 at Poona
• Annie Besant set up Home
Rule League in 1916 at Adayar

62. Gandhiji – Father of the Nation
Proved that Non Violence & truth are
more powerful than bullets bullets
ineffective
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 62

63. Role of Gandhiji
He returned to India in 1915 and joined
the freedom movement
He began his struggle against the
British Rule with the Champaran
Satyagraha in 1917.
He took up the cause of peasants
against indigo planters
Govt. was forced to inquire into the
injustices done by the indigo planters
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 63

64. Gandhiji took the leadership of INC
after the War
Three powerful mass movements
launched by him
1. Non cooperation Movement
(1920-22
2. Civil Disobedience
Movement(1930-34)
3. Quit India Movement (1942)
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 64

65. Weapons of Gandhiji-
Satyagraha & Non violence
Open defiance of laws
Boycott of law courts, offices and
educational institutions
Non-payment of taxes
Peaceful demonstrations
Stoppage of work & the closing of
vital business
Picketing of shops
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 65

66. Role of Gandhiji
Nationalist movement under Gandhiji
became mass movement
Under him INC dev eloped into a vast
political organization representing all
section of Indian society, irrespective of
religion, caste, region etc.
He made social reforms & constructive
activities as part of the Nationalist
Movement
He fought against untouchability and
tried to root out this evil
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 66

67. Supported cottage & small scale
industries
Gandhiji popularized khadi
He devoted himself to the cause of Hindu-
Muslim unit & he as a champion Hindu-
Muslim unity
During Gandhian era, the nationalist
movement not only became a mass
movement but also for reform of Indian
society. It aimed at the upliftment of the
poor, Hindu-Muslim unity
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 67

68. British Policy after the 1st world
war
Govt did not concede the demand
of self rule
It arrested the prominent leaders of
Home rule movement
To pacify the Moderates introduced
the Montague-Chelmsford
Reforms, which came to be called
the Govt. of India Act. 1919
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 68

69. Main Provisions of Montague-
Chelmsford Act 1919
Introduction of Bicameral
Legislature at he centre –Leg.
Assembly & Council of states
These houses were to have a
majority of elected members
The franchise was based on
property qualifications and
communal electorates
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 69

70. INC & Muslim League
condemns the Act
The reforms were nowhere near the
swaraj
In the provinces important portfolios
remained with the Governor who had
wide powers
Viceroy & his Executive council enjoyed
absolute powers
Right to vote remain ed restricted
Members were not popularly elected
Too little & too late
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 70

71. Rowlatt Act -1919
There was widespread discontent
throughout the country against act of
1919
The defeat of Turkey and inhuman
treatment meted out to Caliph(Khalifa)
made the Muslim masses angry
In the midst of this discontent, Govt
took some hard measures.
Passing off the Rowlatt Act was one
such step
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 71

72. Protest against the Act
The act empowered the Govt. To
put people in jails without any trial
There was countrywide strong
protest against this cruel act
Govt. used brutal measures like
lathi charges & firings to put down
agitation
Protest against this Black Act led
to massacre at Jallianwala Bagh
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 72

73. Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew &Dr
Satyapal
Opposition to Rowlatt Act was
strongest in Punjab
On April 10, Dr Satypal & Dr Saifuddin
Kitchlew were arrested & taken to
unkn own destination
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 73

74. Public meeting at Jallianwala
Bagh
On 13 April a public meeting was
held at the bagh
This park enclosed by high
buildings on all sides. Only a narrow
lane leads to the park
Many children and women & old
people were present for the meeting
Suddenly British Office General Dyer
entered the park with his troops
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 74

75. Closing the only exit ad without giving
any warning, he ordered to fire
Firing lasted for 10 minutes
Nearly 1000 rounds were fired &
nobody was allowed to escape
Ammunition being over Dyer left
the place
Nearly 1000 people died and over
23000 people were wounded
Bullet marks can still be seen on
the walls
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 75

76. Jallianwalla Bagh
General Dyer with his soldiers at the
Bagh
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 76

77. Jallianwalla Massacre
Scene of massacre
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 77

78. General Dyer had no regrets
Martial law was imposed in Punjab
People were humiliated & made to
crawl
Tagore returned his knighthood in
protest
Hindus & Muslims joined hands
Led to first mass movements, the
Non Cooperation Movement in
1920 abdul shumz kv kanjikode 78

79. Tagore
Returned the
knighthood in
protest
against the
Jallianwalla
bagh
massacre
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 79

80. Udham Singh
Udham Singh, a
militant Nationalist
from Punjab finally
killed Dyer at 4.30
pm on 13.3.1940
while he as going
to attend a meeting
at Caxton Hall,
London. Udham
Singh was hanged
on 31.7.1940
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 80

81. Maulana Mohammad Ali &
Shaukat Ali (Ali brothers)
Shaukaat Ali
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 81

82. The Khilafat & Non-cooperation
Movements
The Khilafat Movements was organized
by Ali brothers (Mohammed Ali and
Shaukat Ali) to protest against the
injustice done to Turkey and Caliph or
Khalifa
The All India Khilafat Conference gave a
call for no-cooperation with British in
1919The Congress supported Khilafat
movement to brig about Hindu-Muslim
unity & soon it merged with Non-
cooperation movement started by
Gandhiji abdul shumz kv kanjikode 82

83. Kartar Singh Sarabha
A 19 year old
revolutionary.
He was
executed
during 1st
world war
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 83

84. The Non-Cooperation
Movement (1920-22)
It was launched in 1920 by Gandhiji
& it was the first mass movement
against the Govt.
Aims of the movement were :-
1. To undo the injustice done to Punjab
& Turkey
2. To attain Swaraj
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 84

85. 150,00 volunteers was organized to
carry on the campaign
It began with renunciation of honorary
titles like Sir, Rai Bahadur
Gadhiji returned his Kaiser-I-Hind medal
Boycott of legislatures and educational
institutions
Many Indians resigned their Govt jobs
Foreign cloth was burnt in bonefires
Use of Swadeshi good
Khadi became a symbol of freedom
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 85

86. Repressive measures by Govt
Govt took many repressive
measures like beating, lathi-
charges, firings etc to suppress the
movement
More 30,000 people were jailed
including all prominent leaders
except Gandhiji
Gandhiji now decided to launch the
nno-tax campaign in Bardoli
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 86

87. Chauri Chaura incident
In Chauri Chaura in UP, on 5 Feb 1922,
the police without any provocation fired
at the people who were taking part in
demonstration
People , in their anger, attacked the
police station and set it on fire killing 22
policemen
Gandhiji was shocked when heard the
news and decided to call off the Non
Cooperation Movement
This movement though failed to achieve
its objective, it intensified the national
awakening abdul shumz kv kanjikode 87

88. Chauri Chaura incident-1922
A sketch showing the site
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 88

89. Disappointment in the Congress
Created rift in the Congress
A section headed by CR Das ,
Motilal Nehru wanted to participate
in the lections
The other headed by Vallabhai
Patel;, C Rajagopalachari &
Rajendra Prasad opposed this &
wanted to engage in constructive
programme
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 89

90. Motilal Nehru
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 90

91. Dr. RajendraPrasad
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 91

92. Vallabhai Patel
The Iron
man of
India
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 92

93. Swaraj Party
The former group headed by M
Nehru & others formed Swaraj
Party in 1923 to participate in the
elections and to wreck the working
of legislatures within
Congress later permitted Swarjists
to contest elections & they won a
large number of seats in the central
& provincial legislative assemblies
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 93

94. Release of Ghandiji from jail
1924
Ghandiji began constructive
programme & it was accepted by
both sections of the congress
Features of this programme :-
1.Promotion of Hindu-Muslim Unity
2.Spread of Khadi
3.Removal of untouchability
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 94

95. Communal Parties & their role
British encouraged communalism
After the withdrawal of Non
Cooperation movement led to the
growth of communalism
Two parallel movements – Tabligh
and Shuddhi were started by
Muslim league & Hindu Mahasabha
respectively
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 95

96. Tabligh & Shuddhi
Tabligh movement promoted
conversion of non Muslim people
to Islam
The Shuddhi movement was
started by Hindu Communalist to
reconvert to Hinduism the persons
who had adopted other religions
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 96

97. Harmful role of communal
parties
Communal parties instead of serving
the interest of their community served
the interest of the British rulers
These parties represented the interests
of the upper class and not of the
common people
Communal parties started demanding
special privileges for the communities
where they were in minority
These parties weakened the Nationalist
movement
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 97

98. Movements of Peasants &
Workers
The peasants joined the nationalist
movement towards the end of 1st
World War due to the British
exploitation
Features :-
Ghandiji began champaran
movement
Mass participation of farmers in
Non Cooperation movementabdul shumz kv kanjikode 98

99. Peasants Movements
Kisan Sabhas were organized in
different parts of India to fight against
the oppression
There was a Moiplah rebellion in
Kerala during the Non cooperation
movement
Sardar Patel led the struggle of the
peasants of Bardoli in 1928 against
increase of land revenue
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 99

100. Influence of Socialist Ideas
Russian Revolution had great impact on
the thinking of many leader.Many
socialist & communist groups were
formed to popularize the ideas of
socialism
Workers and peasants were deeply
influenced by socialist ideas
Jawaharlal Nehru was deeply influenced
by the socialist ideas
With his support the Congress Socialist
Party was formed in 1934
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 100

101. Emergence of New Leaders
There emerged a new group of
young leaders in 1920s
Prominent among them were
Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash
Chandra Bose
The new leaders were deeply
influenced by Socialist ideas
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 101

102. Jawaharlal Nehru
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 102

103. Subhas Chandra Bose
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 103

104. SC Bose – Early history
Selected for the ICS standing 4th in
the order of merit
Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre
shocked him & he resigned from
the ICS & joined the National
Movement
He was accused of being
associated with revolutionaries&
awarded 3 years imprisonment
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 104

105. Re-birth of Revolutionary
Movement
For some years after the 1st World
War Revolutionary activities were
on the decline.
The withdrawal of Non Cooperation
movement caused frustration and
its rebirth
Two revolutionary organizations
came to being during this period
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 105

106. Hindustan Republican
One was the Hindustan
Republican Association
Its aim was to organize
armed revolts to overthrow
the British Rule
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 106

107. Kakori Case
The famous Kakori train robbery took
place in 1925
A group revolutionaries looted the Govt
Cash from a train at Kakori(near
Lucknow)
Many revolutionaries were arrested and
tried in the Kakori Conspiracy Case
Four revolutionaries were viz., Ram
Prasad Bismil ,Roshan Singh,
Ashfaqullah Khan and Rajendra
Lahiri were hanged
Azad escaped
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 107

108. Throwing bomb in Central
Legislative Assembly
In Apr 29, Bhagat Singh & Batukeshwar
Dutt threw bombs in the central
Legislative Assembly and raised the
slogan “Inquilab Zindabad”
Bombs were thrown to protest against
the repressive e laws & not to kill any
person
They surrendered
All prominent leaders were arrested &
tried for murder
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 108

109. Bhagat Singh
A very great
revolutionary
leader.
Involved in
throwing a bomb in
the Central
Legislative council
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 109

110. Jatin Das died in the jail due to
hunger strike for 64 days
Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and
Rajguru were hanged in
1931
Chandra Shekhar Azad later
died fighting with the police
at Allahabad
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 110

111. Jatin Das
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 111

112. Bhagat Singh-Inquilab Zindabad
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 112

113. Bhagat Singh Sukhdev &
Rajaguru
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 113

114. Chandrasekhar Azad
Betrayed by an informer on 27 Feb 31 British
troops encircled him in the Alfred Park, Allahabad.
He kept fighting till last bullet.Finally he shot
himself in the temple
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 114

115. Surya Sen – Mastarda (Teacher
brother)
A famous revolutionary leader who
captured the British armoury at
Chittagong
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 115

116. Revolutionary activities
continued
Later many of their leaders joined the
mass struggle for freedom of India
Revolutionaries played a very
important role in the freedom
struggle
They inspired the people through
their acts of self-sacrifice and
courage
Bhagat singh & others were admired
for their heroism
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 116

117. The Simon Commission (1928)
Appointed a commission to look
into the working of Govt of India
Act 1919 & suggest reforms
The Commission was known as
Simon Commission after Sir John
Simon
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 117

118. A rude shock to India
Because :
1. Not a single Indian was included
in it
2. It was not expected to suggest
anything like Swaraj to India.
3. People hoped n nothing from it
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 118

119. Boycott of the Simon
Commission
As the Commission reached India in
1928, it was opposed with black
flags everywhere and met with a
countrywide hartal
Wherever the commission went,
people raised the cry of „Simon go
back‟
Thousands of peaceful
demonstrators were beaten by police
at many places
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 119

120. Protest in Punjab was led by
Lala Lajpat Rai
He was beaten badly and
soon died
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 120

121. Jawaharlal Nehru & Govoind Ballabh Pant
also received lathi blows at Lucknow
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 121

122. Lahore Session of of Congress
(1929)
Annual session of the congress
was held at in Dec 1929 at Lahore
It was presided over by J Nehru
The radical wing of the congress
was also represented
This session has a special
significance in the history of India
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 122

123. Main decisions
Declared complete independence
as the aim of the Congress
To achieve this aim, it was decided
to begin a Civil Disobedience
Movement under the leadership of
Gandhiji
Decided to celebrate 26 January as
the Independence Day allover the
country
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 123

124. British Govt. ignored the
demand
Consequently 26 Jan 30 was
observe ved as Independence day
all over India
On subsequent years this day was
celebrated as Independence day
Later this day because of its
significance, became India‟s
Republic Day
It was on 26 Jan 1950 that India‟s
constitution came into forceabdul shumz kv kanjikode 124

125. Civil Disobedience Movement
It began with famous Dandi March
Gandhiji along with 78 other
members of the Ashram started
historical 385 km Dandi March on
foot on Mar 12, 1930 from
Sabarmathi
On reaching the Dandi coast he
broke the Salt Law by picking up a
handful of salt
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 125

126. Dandi March
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 126

127. Sabarmati ashram
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 127

128. Civil Disobedient Movement
With the start of the movement, all
important leaders including
Gandhiji were imprisoned
Nearly 90,000 persons ere arrested
within a year
Picketing liquor shops, boycotting
and burning foreign c cloth,
boycotting educational institutions,
resigning Govt. Service continued
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 128

129. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Frontier Gandhi
– the leader of
Nationalist
Movement in the
North West
Frontier Province
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 129

130. Cruel measures by Govt.
Govt. adopted cruel measures
firings, lathi charges etc.
Many people were killed in the
struggle
The movement was a great
success. An agreement was
reached between Gandhiji and
Lord Irwin(viceroy) called Gandhi-
Irwin Pact
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 130

131. Gandhiji & Lord Irwin- PACT
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 131

132. Agreement terms
Civil disobedient Movement was to be
suspended
Agreed to release all political prisoners
except charged with serious acts of
violence
Gandhiji agreed to go to London to
participate in the Second Round Table
Conference(Sep to Dec 1931)
Returned without achieving anything
First Round Table Conference(Nov1930
to Jan 31) was boycotted by Congress
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 132

133. 2nd Round Table Conference
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 133

134. Civil Disobedient Movement
was revived
Gandhiji was arrested
Govt. took harsh measures to
suppress it
It was finally called off in 1934
It was the second d Mass
Movement of freedom struggle
It brought people closer
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 134

135. Third Round Table Conference
Third Round Table Conference
was held in London after the
publication of Communal
Award
It was a small session of not
much consequence
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 135

136. Nationalist Movement in
Princely States
Conditions of the people in 562
princely states:-
1. Conditions of the people was very
bad
2. The rulers lived in luxury
3. Rulers did nothing to remove
poverty and provide employment
4. The oppressive rule made the life
of common people miserable
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 136

137. People demands
Demanded democratic rights and
democratic form of Govt.
In the 1920s, the demand of the
people for reforms in
administration gained strength
In 1927 an All India States People's
Con ference was formed and
demanded that Princely states
should be regarded as parts of a
common Indian Nation
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 137

138. The Policy of Communal Award
In 1932, Govt. announced separate
electorates for the depre3ssed
classes
It was a part of the Divided & Rule
Policy
Nationalist leaders strongly
condemned this award
Gandhiji went on fast unto death
against this decision
At last, the decision was withdrawn
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 138

139. Indian Nationalist Movement &
the World
Indian leaders opposed fascism
Indian leaders supported the
people of Spain Czechoslovakia,
Ethiopia etc. who were fighting to
defend fascism
Pandit Nehru went to Spain to
extend support to the people of
Spain
J Nehru refused to see Mussolini,
the fascist dictatorabdul shumz kv kanjikode 139

140. V.K. Krishna Menon
Played a leading
role in winning
the support of
the British
People for the
cause India‟s
freedom
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 140

141. Govt. of India Act 1935
Provisions of the Act :-
1. It recommended the formation of an All-
India Federation of British provinces
and Indian States
2 Central legislature was to have a central
legislative assembly and a council of
states
3 Princely states were to send a large
number of representative top these two
houses
4.The provisions with regards to the
federation were not implemented
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 141

142. The new constitution was introduced
only in the Provinces
The administration was to be carried out
by the Governors with the help of Indian
Ministers
The membership & powers of the
legislatures were increased
The right to vote was restricted
The Act did not meet the demands of the
leaders & Congress rejected it &
decided to participate in the elections
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 142

143. Election - 1937
Congress won absolute majority in
6 out of 11 provinces. It emerged
the single largest party in 3
provinces
Congress formed ministries in 8
out of 11 provinces
They functioned till 1939 when the
2nd Word War broke out
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 143

144. India & 2nd W.W
British Govt. made India a party the
war without consulting Indians
Congress Ministers resigned in
protest
There were strikes, demonstrations
in different places for dragging
India into the war
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 144

145. Indian Nationalist Movement
during the 2nd W.W
British Govt. unilaterally made
India a party to the war. India
opposed India‟s forced entry
Congress condemned the fascist
aggression by Germany, Italy &
Japan, but it refused to be
associated with the Allies fighting
against the fascist powers
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 145

146. Demand of the Congress
1. End both imperialism & fascism
2. Establishment of a Nationalist
Govt. in India during the war. It
wanted a definite assurance from
the British Govt. that India n
would be given independence
after the war.
3. The Govt. Rejected both the
demands
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 146

147. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
President of the
Karachi session
of the Congress
in 1940. The
demand of
complete
Independence
was made in this
session
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 147

148. C Rajagopalachari
A great leader He
lead a march
similar to the Dandi
March from
Trichinopoly to
Vedaranyam
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 148

149. Start of Satyagraha
Congress was left with no
alternative but to start
another Civil Disobedience
Movement
It began with the Individual
Satyagraha
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 149

150. Individual Satyagraha (1940)
Selected satyagrahis were
instructed that they would come
individually to a public place and
speak against the war and would
be arrested
Vinobha Bhave was the first
Satyagrahi chosen
Within a short period of 6 months
about 25,000 sayagrahis were in
jail
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 150

151. Cripps & Gandhji
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 151

152. Cripps Missions(1942)
By early 1942 British forces
suffered heavy defeats at the
hands of Japanese army & in
Europe also, Britain was losing
ground. Such a situation
compelled the British Govt, to open
talks with the Indian leaders
It sent Sir Stafford Cripps, A British
Minister, to India to hold talks with
Indian Leadersabdul shumz kv kanjikode 152

153. Failure of Cripps Mission
The mission offered „dominion
status's to India and the right to
frame a Constitution after the war
It insisted that the Indian States
would be represented in the
Constituent assembly by the
nominees of the Princes and by
people‟s representatives
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 153

154. Demand made by Congress
Formation of a truly national
government during the war
Promise a Independence after the
war
Gandhiji called the mission proposals
as “Post-dated cheque on a failing
bank.”
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 154

155. Quit India Movement 8, Aug
1942
Failure of Cripps Mission created
disappointment
The All India Congress
Committee passed a resolution
on August 8, 1942 in Bombay &
made the following demands
1. Immediate ending of British rule
2. Launching a amass civil
disobedience struggle for
freedom abdul shumz kv kanjikode 155

156. Quit India Movement
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 156

157. Gandhiji‟s Mantra – „Do or Die‟
Quit India and „do or die‟ became
the slogans or battle cries of the
Indians during the Quit India
Movement
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 157

158. Features of Quit India
Movement
The Govt. banned the Congress
and arrested all the top nationalist
leaders including Gadhiji on 9 Aug
1942
The movement began with full
vigour or enthusiasm
There were protest, hartals and
demonstrations all over the
country
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 158

159. Govt. used police & army to put
down agitation
Over 70,000 people were arrested
within 5 months
Agitation proved too powerful to be
suppressed
The whole country stood as one to
face the British repression
The movement made it clear that
the days of the British rule in India
were numbered
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 159

160. SC BOSE
Subhash Chandra
Bose was one of
the greatest
leaders of India‟s
freedom
movement. The
formation of Azad
Hind Fauz (INA)
was an important
development
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 160

161. SC Bose reached Singapore in
1943
He took over the leadership of the
League and reorganized the INA
with the aim of liberating India
In Oct 1943, Netaji announced the
formation of Provisional
Government of In dependent India
in Singapore. He gave the
salutation „Jai Hind‟ and said “Give
me blood, I will give you freedom”
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 161

162. Rash Behari Bose
A great revolutionary
leader also escaped
from India in 1915.
Reached Japan & set
up Indian
Independence
League. The League
formed the In dian
National Army from
among the Indian
prisoners of war
under Japan & other
Indians living in SE
Asia abdul shumz kv kanjikode 162

163. „Give me blood, I will give you
Freedom‟
Left Congress and formed the
Forward Block to mobilize radical
elements in the country
He was put under house arrest in
Calcutta
He escaped from India in 1941 &
reached Germany and carried on
activities for India‟s freedom from
British rule
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 163

164. SC Bose went to Andaman‟s
and hoisted Indian Flag
In 1944, 3 units of
INA along with
Japanese troops
took part in the
attack of the
Imphal-Kohima
region of NE
India. The attack
was repulsed &
further advance
was checkedabdul shumz kv kanjikode 164

165. Madame Cama- Unfurled the
tricolor in Germany
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 165

166. This flag is of Independence! Behold, it is born! It
has been made sacred by the blood of young
Indian who sacrificed their lives
Madame
Cama made
this flag in
1907
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 166

167. „Delhi Chalo‟ – „Jai Hind‟
Though INA failed to liberate India
from British rule, the activities of
Netaji and INA served to
strengthen the anti-imperialist
struggle
With the defeat of Japan the
activities of INA also came to an
end
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 167

168. Redfort Trial
Three leaders of INA were arrested
& tried in the Red Fort
They were found Guilty
Due to mounting pressure against
the British, they were released
They were GS Dhillon, PK Seghal &
Shah Nawaz Khan
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 168

169. Netaji & air crash
Netaji was reported to have died in
an crash while on the way to Tokyo
in 1945
His dream, to hoist the National
Flag at Red Fort remained
unfulfilled
He lives forever in the hearts of his
country men as patriot who fought
for the independence of India
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 169

170. The Demand for Pakistan
The failure of Muslim League in the 1937
election made them to demand
Pakistan based on 2 nation theory
According this theory India consisted of
2 separate nations – the Hindus & the
Muslims. They have nothing in common
They have separate gods, heroes, ways
of thinking and culture
Muslim League demanded that India
should be partitioned into two separate
countries
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 170

171. Demand for partition
Pakistan a separate state for the
Muslims comprising the area in the
NW & eastern zones where they
were in majority
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 171

172. Allam Iqbal, leader of AIMC
coined the idea of Pakstan
P - Punjab
A -Afghanistan
K -Kashmir
„Stan‟ means place where one
stays
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 172

173. The man who
coined the
word
Pakistan
(land of pure)
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 173

174. Two nation theory a total falsification of the
entire history of India
It was not justified on the
following grounds :-
1. The Indian people, over a long
historical period, had developed a
rich composite culture
2. The Indian nation consisted of
people having different religions,
languages and customs.
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 174

175. 3. Indians celebrated their
festivals together
4. They developed common music,
art, literature, architecture etc.
5.After their arrival in India, the
Muslims mixed up with the Hindus
6.In 1857 revolt both Hindus &
Muslims fought shoulder to
shoulder
7.Our Nationalist movement was a
struggle of the entire nation
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 175

176. British Attitude after the War
The war was fought in the name of
freedom & democracy
International political scène had
changed at the end of the war
The name & fame of Britain was
greatly reduced at the end of the
war
It was n o longer possible for them
to suppress the mass movement in
India
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 176

177. Suffering of the Indian during
the war
Indians suffered heavily during the
war About 3 million people died in
the Bengal famine in 1943. The
indifferent attitude of the Govt.
created widespread resentment
against the British rule
There was large scale labour
unrest
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 177

178. Trial of 3 INA officers & its
impact
The trial of 3 officers, GS Dillon, PK
Sehgal & Shah Nawaz Khan of INA at
the Red Fort created a new wave of
resentment against the British
There was a change of Govt. in Britain.
Winston Churchill, who was against the
India‟s freedom, lost the election
The labour party under the leadership of
Clement Attlee came into power
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 178

179. Red fort trial
GS Dhillon, PK
Sehgal and Shah
Nawaz Khan – 3
famous INS
officers who
faced the trail at
Red Fort
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 179

180. Clement Attlee
The Labour Party
Leader and the
Prime Minister of
England a after
2nd World War
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 180

181. Revolts in the Royal Indian Navy
(1946)
In Feb 1946 thousands of the
ratings of the Royal Indian Navy
revolted in Mumbai. They removed
the Union Jack(the British Flag)
and hoisted the national flag in its
place
They were joined by workers and
others
The spread of discontent in the
armed forces was another blow to
the British Ruleabdul shumz kv kanjikode 181

182. Cabinet Mission
British Govt realised that it was no
longer possible to keep India under
its rule
Attlee announced his Govt.‟s
intention or willingness to transfer
power to India
A three member Cabinet Mission
was sent to India to hold
discussions with Indian leaders in
this regard
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 182

183. Proposals of the Cabinet
Mission
Formation op a Union of India in which
provinces and states would be grouped
in four zones with their own
constitutions
These groups would enjoy full
autonomy except in matters of foreign
policy, defence & communications
Formation of a constitution making
body. Its members were to be elected
indirectly by the provincial legislatures
on the basis of communal electorates
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 183

184. Cabinet Mission - Recommendations
Formation of an interim
government
Congress accepted the proposal
regarding the formation of a
constitution making body to avoid
further delay in getting
independence but it insisted that
the members be elected on the
basis of adult franchise
But it had to compromise on this
demand
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 184

185. Attitude of Muslim League
Muslim league participated in the
election and won 73 out 78 seats
reserved for the Muslims
It boycotted the Assembly and pressed
its demand for a separate state of
Pakistan
Later it also joined the interim
government headed by J Nehru. Its
intention was to destroy & destabilize
the Govt. from within
Princely states also boycotted the
Assembly abdul shumz kv kanjikode 185

186. Mount batten Plan
Lord Mount
batten was
appointed as
new Viceroy on
Mar1947. The
Viceroy
presented his
plan called the
Mountbatten
Plan on June 3,
1947abdul shumz kv kanjikode 186

187. Proposals of the Plan
Partition of India into two separate &
independent states – the Indian Union
and Pakistan
Pakistan comprised West
Punjab(Punjab divided), East Bengal,
Sind and North West Frontier Province
Indian Princely states were given the
option to decided their own future –
could join India or Pakistan
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 187

188. Partition Plan accepted by
Congress & Muslim league
The Indian Independence
Act, 1947 was passed by
the British Parliament.
It formally granted
independence to India and
Pakistan
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 188

189. Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Jinnah‟s two
nation theory
ultimately led to
the partition of
India. In his early
years, Jinnah
was a Nationalist.
But later, his
attitude changed
.
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 189

190. Pakistan & India after partition
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 190

191. Creation of Pakistan
Pakistan was created on August,
14, 1947.
India became independent on
15Aug 47
The task of demarcating the
boundaries correctly between the
two countries was given to British
barrister, Redcliffe
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 191

192. Red Fort on 15 Aug 1947
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 192

193. Announcement of India‟s
Independence
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 193

194. Causes of Partition
Award of Communal Electorates to appease
the Muslims
Muslim League's methods of direct „action‟or
creating communal riots closed all options.
Communal policies of Muslim League made
partition inevitable
British policy of divide and rule
Jinnah‟s two nation theory
Arson and loot caused great damage to life
and property closed all doors
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 194

195. Post Independence Tasks
Communal violence killed
thousands of people, millions
became refugees.
They had to be rehabilitated
India faced so many challenges
and problems
Many unfinished tasks had to be
completed
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 195

196. Assassination of Gandhiji
Gandhiji was at Calcutta at the time of
independence.
He was trying to bring peace in the riot-
affected areas
He was shot dead on January 30, 1948
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 196

197. Nathuram Godse
The man
who shot
Gadhiji and
killed
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 197

198. Jawaharlal Nehru
The first
Prime
Minister, the
maker of
modern
India
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 198

199. Dr B.R Ambedkar-The father of
Indian Constitution
The 1st task
before the nation
was the
preparation of a
new
Constitution. The
tasks was
completed in
about 3 years by
the Constituent
Assembly. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 199

200. Dr Rajendra Prasad
First President of
Independent Indiaabdul shumz kv kanjikode 200

201. Major Tasks
Integration of princely states was India's
major task. Independence Act gave
choice to the princely states to join
either India or Pakistan.
Some states were dreaming of staying
independent
As a result of states people‟s movement
under the leadership of Vallabhai Patel,
the princely states were integrated with
India
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 201

202. Pakistani Attack & merger of
Kashmir
Following the attack of Pakistani
raiders, the Maharaja of Kashmir
requested the Indian Govt. to
accept the state‟s merger with
India on 26 Oct 1947
Hyderabad was added to India after
a brief police action in 1949
By the end of 1949 the integration
of native states with India was
completed
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 202

203. India – a land of unity in
diversity
With the passing of the
States Reorganization
Act of 1956, the states of
India were reorganized
on linguistic basis as
they exist today
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 203

204. French & Portuguese
possession
The French possession of Pondicherry,
Karaka, Yanam, Mahe & Chandernagore
became part of India in 1954.
The Portuguese possessions of Goa,
Daman and Diu were integrated with
India after the liberation of Goa in 1961
The Portuguese territories of Dadra and
Nagar Ha veli were merged with the
India Union in 1961
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 204

205. A glorious struggle
The Indian Nationalist
movement was a glorious
struggle for independence in
the history of the world
It is the history of the victory
of non-violent methods
against a mighty imperialist
country
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 205

206. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 206

207. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 207

208. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 208

209. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 209

210. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 210

211. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 211

212. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 212

213. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 213

214. pl.mail ur suggestions to:
abdulshumz@hotmail.com
abdul shumz kv kanjikode 214