This presentation covers the Second chapter of History Class 10. A presentation including beautiful and related images. If you find this helpful Please Comment and Like it. It includes: 1. The First World war 2. The Idea of Satyagraha 3. The Rowlatt Act [1919] 4. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 5. Khilafat Movement 6. Non - Cooperation Movement 7. Movement in Towns and Cities 8. Rebellion in Countryside 9. Swaraj in The Plantations 10. Towards Civil Disobedience 11. Simon Commission 12. Lahore Congress Session [1929] 13. Salt March 14. Limits of Civil Disobedience 15. Poona Pact [1932] 16. Sense of Collective Belonging 17. Bharat Mata & Vande Matram 18. Revival of Indian Folklore 19. National Flag 20. Journey of our National Flag 21. The Rediscovery of India's Glorious Past

1. Saad
Abdullah

2. Contents
 The First World
War, Khilafat and
Non-Cooperation
 Differing Strands
Within the
Movement
 Towards Civil
Disobedience
 The Sense of
Collective
Belongings
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3. World War I
 First World War broke out in 1914.
 It created a new Economic and
Political Situation in India.
 The British exposed war
expenditure on India.
 Income Tax was introduced.
Custom Duties were raised.
 Forced recruitment was made in
Army. Influenza epidemic spread in
many parts of India.
 As a result, millions of people lost
their lives.
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4. The Idea of
Satyagraha
 Mahatma Gandhiji came back to
India in 1915.
 He introduced a powerful struggle
known as 'Satyagraha'.
 Satyagraha literally means holding
on to truth or truth force.
 It persuades the opponent to
understand truth.
 Hunger strikes, peaceful
demonstration, hartal are some of
the ways.
 Three Satyagrahas : Champaran
[1916], Kheda [1917], Mill
Workers [1918].
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5. The Rowlatt Act
{1919}
 Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against
the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919).
 Aim of this act was to destroy the national movement by imprisoning
the national workers.
 A hartal was organised on 6 April 1919. Rallies were conducted.
Shops closed down.
 These protests led to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
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6. Jallianwala Bagh
Massacre
 On 13 April 1919, a public
meeting was organized at
Jallianwala Bagh at Amritsar
to protest against the arrests
of national leaders.
 General Dyer reached the
meeting place along with its
troops.
 He ordered the troops to Fire.
The Firing lasted nearly for
10 minutes.
 More than thousand people
were killed and many were
wounded.
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7. Khilafat
Movement
 It was a movement organized by
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali
[Brothers].
 The aim of this movement was to
protest against the injustice done
to Turkey by Britain after the first
World War.
 The Turkish Sultan had the title of
Caliph.
 Many Muslims considered him as
their spiritual leader.
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8. Non – Cooperation
Movement
 It was Launched under the leadership
of Gandhiji in 1920.
 It aimed at protesting against the
injustice done to Punjab and Turkey
and to attain Swaraj.
 Educational Institutions, Law Courts,
Foreign Goods were boycotted.
 Workers in the Plantations of
Assam started a struggle to get the
right to free movement.
 Chauri-Chaura incident forced
Gandhiji to call off movement.
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9. Movement in Towns
and Cities
 Educated Middle Class led
the movement in towns and
cities.
 Educational Institutions, Law
Courts and Council elections
were boycotted.
 Foreign Clothes and other
goods were burnt in bonfires.
 Government servants
resigned their jobs.
 Liquor Shops were picketed.
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10. Rebellion in
Countryside
 In Awadh, a peasant's
movement was organized by
Baba Ramchandra.
 He demanded reduction in
the rent, abolition of Begar
and the boycott of landlords.
 In the Gudem hills of Andhra
Pradesh, a tribal movement
started under the
leadership of Alluri Sitaram
Raju.
 They Demanded to get back
their traditional rights over
forests.
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11. 10
Swaraj in The
Plantations
 Workers in the plantations of
Assam demanded the right to
move freely in and out of the
estates.
 They opposed the Inland
Emigration Act of 1859 which took
away the right to free movement.
 They thought that the Gandhi Raj
was coming and everyone would
be given land in their village..
 When they heard about the Non-
cooperation movement, they
moved to their villages.
 However, they were caught and
brought back. 11

12. 10
Towards Civil
Disobedience
 Indians launched a powerful
struggle against the Simon
Commission.
 Lahore Congress of 1929
declared Poorna Swaraj as its
aim and decided to
launch Civil Disobedience
movement.
 Gandhiji inaugurated the
movement by breaking the Salt
Law.
 The government resorted to
Repression.
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13. Simon
Commission
 It was a statutory commission
set up by the British under Sir
John Simon.
 It was asked to study the
constitutional system in India
and suggest changes.
 Indians opposed the Simon
Commission by saying
'Simon Go Back'.
 All the members of the
commission were English
men. There was no Indian in
it.
 It did not provide any hope of
Swaraj to Indians.
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14. Lahore Congress
Session {1929}
 The Congress session was held at Lahore in
1929 under the Presidentship of Jawaharlal
Nehru.
 The Congress declared Poorna Swaraj as its
aim.
 It was decided to celebrate 26 January every
year as Independence Day.
 But the celebrations attracted very little
attention.
 It was decided to start the Civil
Disobedience Movement to win Poorna
Swaraj.
 So Mahatma Gandhi had to find a way to
relate this abstract idea of freedom to more
concrete issues of everyday life.
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15. Salt March
 Gandhiji and 78 of his
followers started a march on
foot from Sabarmati Ashram
to Dandi.
 On 6 April 1930, they reached
Dandi.
 Gandhiji made salt using sea
water, and broke the salt law.
 Government imposed heavy
taxes on salt.
 Prices of salt was very High.
 Therefore Gandhiji opposed
this law.
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16. 10
Limits of Civil
Disobedience
 Dalits did not participate in the
Civil Disobedience Movement,
because the Congress did not give
importance to their demands.
 Many Muslims did not participate
in it. They thought that the
Congress was moving close to the
Hindu Maha Sabha.
 Communal riots occurred in many
places. Disunity between Hindus
and Muslims started.
 Industrial workers participation
was minimum. 16

17. Poona Pact {1932}
 Dr. Ambedkar demanded separate
electorates for the Dalits. He thought
that a share in political power would
help in their upliftment.
 Gandhiji opposed separate
electorates. He thought that it would
create disunity.
 So, they clashed in the Second round
table conference.
 Ambedkar ultimately accepted
Gandhiji’s position and the result was
the Poona Pact of September 1932.
 It gave the Depressed Classes (later to
be known as the Schedule Castes)
reserved seats in provincial and
central legislative councils, but they
were to be voted in by the general
electorate.
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18. Sense of Collective
Belonging
 This sense of collective
belonging came partly through
the experience of united
struggles.
 But there were also a variety of
cultural processes through
which nationalism captured
people’s imagination.
 History and fiction, folklore and
songs, popular prints and
symbols, all played a part in the
making of nationalism.
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19. Bharat Mata & Vande
Matram
 Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
created the image of Bharat
Mata.
 Bharat Mata looked like a
Sanyasini. She is calm, divine
and spiritual. Devotion towards
her became a proof of
Nationalism.
 Vande Matram was a prayer to
Bharat Mata written by Bankim
Chadra Chattopadhyay.
 Vande Mataram became the war
cry of the Indians.
 It was later included in his novel
Anandamath. 19

20. Revival of Indian
Folklore
 Nationalists toured the villages
to collect the folk songs and
legends.
 Rabindranath Tagore collected a
number of folk songs and
legends.
 In Madras, Natesa Sastri
published a four volume
collection of Tamil folk tales (The
Folklore of Southern India).
 The folk songs and legends gave
a true picture of Indian culture.
They showed there all thoughts
and characteristics of Indians.
 They created National Pride
among the people.
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21. National Flag
 As the national movement developed,
nationalist leaders became more and
more aware of such icons and
symbols in unifying people and
inspiring in them a feeling of
nationalism.
 During the Swadeshi movement in
Bengal, a tricolor flag (red, green and
yellow) was designed.
 By 1921, Gandhiji had designed the
Swaraj flag.
 It was again a tricolor (red, green and
white) and had a spinning wheel in the
center, representing the Gandhian
ideal of self-help.
 Carrying the flag, holding it aloft,
during marches became a symbol of
defiance.
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22. 22

23. The Rediscovery
of India's Glorious
Past
The British saw Indians as backward and
primitive, incapable of governing
themselves.
In response, Indians began looking into
the past to discover India’s great
achievements.
They wrote about the glorious
developments in ancient times when art
and architecture, science and
mathematics, religion and culture, law
and philosophy, crafts and trade had
flourished.
This glorious time, in their view, was
followed by a history of decline, when
India was colonized.
Knowledge about the great achievements
of Indians created national pride, self-
confidence and patriotism among the
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24. Made By
Saad
Abdullah
Class 10 B24
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