Resources: SOIL IN INDIA
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presentation useful to the 10th graders under the CBSE stream.
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Resources: SOIL IN INDIA
- 1. RESOURCES: SOIL GEOGRAPHY . CLASS 10 abdul shumz kv kanjikode 1
- 2. SOIL AS ARESOURCE •Most important resource •Renewable NR- •medium of plant growth- •support life- •Millions of years for formation of a few centimeters in depth abdul shumz kv kanjikode 2
- 3. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FORMATION Nature of parent rock time climate Type of vegetation topography Change in temperature Running water wind Glaciers Organic/ chemical changes Physical property abdul shumz kv kanjikode 3
- 4. TYPES OF SOIL: ON THE BASIS OF THICKNESS, TEXTURE, CHEMICAL CONTENT, PHYSICAL PROPERTY ALLUVIA BLACK RED LATERIT ARID abdul shumz kv kanjikode 4
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- 7. ALLUVIAL SOIL • Most widely spread • Imp. Soil- in northern plains and coastal plains- deposited by 3 rivers- • Consists of sand, silt, clay • 2 types BANGAR • Old- KHADAR • New- highly fertile abdul shumz kv kanjikode 7
- 8. •Contain adequate potash, phosphoric acid, lime. •Ideal for any type crops •Intensively cultivated •Hence the area is densely populated. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 8
- 9. BLACK SOIL •ALSO CALLED : REGUR OR COTTON SOIL •In Deccan trap regions •Fine clayey material- good capacity to hold moisture- rich in soil nutrients like calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, lime. •Poor in phosphoric content abdul shumz kv kanjikode 9
- 10. RED & YELLOW SOIL •E & S Deccan Plateau, Odisha, chattisgarh.. •Reddish color, [ due to diffusion of iron •Poor in fertility abdul shumz kv kanjikode 10
- 11. LATERITE SOIL • From the word 'later' = brick • Develops in areas with high temperature & rainfall • Result of intense leaching • Low humus content • Suitable if water/ fertilizers can be applied • Seen in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Assam • Useful for tea/ coffee cultivation • Red laterite: ideal for cashew nuts What is leaching? abdul shumz kv kanjikode 11
- 12. ARID SOIL •Brown color- generally sandy- saline in nature- •lack humus- lack moisture- •restricted infiltration of water •If irrigated, be used for cultivation •Eg: west Rajasthan abdul shumz kv kanjikode 12
- 13. FOREST SOIL •Hilly mountains- high rainfall- loamy & silty in valleys •Fertile in lower valleys abdul shumz kv kanjikode 13
- 14. SOIL EROSION • DENUDATION OF SOIL COVER & WAHING DOWN IS EROSION • Formation and erosion are simultaneous • And there is a balance between these two. • The balance is disturbed due to: 1. human action : like deforestation, mining, construction, over grazing 2. natural calamities: wind, water, glazier abdul shumz kv kanjikode 14
- 15. • Running water cuts the soil layer & forms deep channels- Gullies • Makes land unfit for cultivation: ' bad lands' • Eg: Chambal ravines • When water flows as a sheet: 'sheet erosion' • Defective farming methods • Wrong ploughing [ up & down ploughing] • Wind erosion abdul shumz kv kanjikode 15
- 16. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 16 gullies Sheet erosion
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- 18. CONSERVATION • Contour ploughing • Step cultivation • Terrace farming • Strips of grass growing between crops: 'strip farming' • Shelter belts- planting lines of trees to protect • Stabilization of sand dunes abdul shumz kv kanjikode 18
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- 21. EXERCISES • Diksha assignments abdul shumz kv kanjikode 21
- 22. Pl. mail your suggestions to: abdulshumz@hotmail.com abdul shumz kv kanjikode 22