For Architectural Study!

1. GREAT BATHS
THERMAE OF
CARACALLA

2. Intro..!•Thermae means bath. In Latin ‘public baths’.
•Most Romans did not have the modern concept of a
bathroom in their private homes.
•So, they were in need of public baths.
•Most Romans bathed in local neighborhood
balneum, with an average of 5 bath houses per
block
•Popularity of these balneum led to the creation of
the Thermae.

3. History of THERMAE•The Baths of Caracalla in Rome, Italy were
Roman public baths, or thermae, built in Rome
between AD 212 and 216, during the reign of the
Emperor Caracalla.

4. THERMAE
•Romans would visit the Thermae daily to
bathe.
•There was a small entrance fee to use the
Thermae.
•Romans did not invent Thermae, Greeks
did!

5. • A system of
burning coal and
wood underneath
the ground to heat
water provided by
a dedicated
aqueduct. It was
in use up to the
19th century.
Hypocaust

6. Bathing @thermae
 Bathers would enter the bath house and pay a small
fee to a slave at the entrance
 Order of Bath
o Apodyterium (changing room)
o Palaestra (exercise yard)
o Tepidarium (warm room)
o Caldarium (hot room)
o Frigidarium (cold room)

7. APODYTERIUM
•Changing Room -
Bathers left clothes in
cubby holes, many
brought slaves with
them to the baths to
guard their clothes as
bath houses were the
typical haunts of

8. PALAESTRA
• Exercise Yard
• Wrestling
• Running
• Weight Lifting
• Boxing

9. PALAESTRA
• Mosaic of
women
exercising in
palaestra.

10. Tepidarium
• Warm Room
• Bathers sat
on marble
benches and
gently
perspired.

11. Caldarium
 Hot Room
 Bathers would wallow in pool
of hot water
 Labrum of cool water at
opposite end for refreshing
 Massages
 Hair plucking
 Cleaning with olive oil and

12. Soap? Nay..!
• Romans did
not have
soap. They
used olive oil
instead.

13. Frigidarium
 Cold Room
 Bathers took
plunge in pool of
unheated water to
close pores.

14. Now comes the,

15. Main Building
 27 acres complex (11 hectares).
 Accommodate up to 2000 people per time.
 Main building at the centre and covered by a
thick wall consists of libraries and gym and
also gardens.
 6 feet height for loading purpose.
• Main building have upper level for
service and heating and lower level
for water drainage.
• Heating reservoir by Aque Marcia
Aqueduct.
• The bath was known because of the
rich interiors of marble seats, mosaic

16. BUILDING DIMENSION AND BUILDING
MATERIALS
Principal dimensions
Precinct maximum: 412x393 m
Internal: 323x323 m
Central Block overall: 218x112 m
Swimming Pool: 54x23 m
Frigidarium: 59x24 m, height .
41 m
Caldarium: 35M diameter height .
44 m
Quantities of materials
Pozzolanna: 341,000 m³
Quick lime: 35,000 m³
Tuff: 341,000 m³
Basalt for foundations: 150,000 m³
Brick pieces for facing: 17.5 million
Large Bricks: 520,000
Marble columns in Central block: 252
Marble for columns and decorations: 6,300 m³

17. Let see about,

18. VESTIBULES
 FUNCTION LIKE A
LOBBY OR AN
ENTRANCE ROOM
BETWEEN THE
INTERIOR OF THE
BUILDING AND
OUTER SPACE.

19. APODYTERIUM (DRESSING
ROOMS )
 EQUIPPED WITH
BENCHES AND
OFTEN CUBICLES
TO STORE
BATHER’S
CLOTHES.

20. PALAESTRAS (EXERCISE
YARD)• A FACILITIES SERVE
FOR TRAINING IN
BOXING AND PLAY A
KIND OF BALL GAME.
• THOSE ACTIVITIES
WILL MAKES
BATHERS TO HAVE
SOME MODERATE
EXERCISE BEFORE

21. CALIDARIUM
• A HOT ROOM WITH A HOT POOL OF
WATER – 35M DIAMETER.
• THIS POOLS HELPS TO OPEN THE
BATHERS PORES AND ALSO HELP
THEM TO SWEATS.
A wing of the underground levels under the caldarium.
The large dimensions of the galleries derived from the
necessity to bring in horse-drawn wagons full of wood.

22. TEPIDERIUM
 A WARM ROOM
 ALSO A PLACE WHERE
THE BATHERS CAN
HAVE A MASSAGE AND
BODY HAIR REMOVED.
 BECOME THE MOST
BUSY PLACE BECAUSE
OF THE ACTIVITIES.

23. NATATIO
 IS AN OPEN AIR
SWIMMING POOL.
 THIS PLACE
FUNCTIONED AS A
PLACE FOR RELAX
AND REFRESH THE
BODY OF THE

24. Let see about,

25. GARDEN
 GARDENS THAT
CONSIST STATUES,
FOUNTAIN AND ANY
OTHERS FEATURES.
 AFTER BATHING,
PEOPLE CAN WALK
AROUND THE

26. GYMNASIA
• ADJACENT
FACILITIES FROM THE
MAIN BUILDING.
• PLACE WHERE
PEOPLE HAVE
EXERCISE SIMILAR
TO PRESENT

27. STUDY ROOMS
 LIBRARIES FOR
PEOPLE FACILITIES.
 HAVE TWO
SEPARATED
LIBRARIES WHICH IS
ONE FOR LATIN AND
ANOTHER FOR

28. Now about,

29. SECTIONTHE BUILDING HAVE
TWO LEVELS WHICH IS
THE LOWER LEVEL IS A
PLACE FOR THE
SYSTEM USED TO
HEATING SEVERAL
ROOMS AND ALSO FOR
THE DRAINAGE.
UPPER LEVEL IS A
PLACE WHERE ALL

30. SECTIONGROINS THREE ROUND ARCH
ARCHIVOLTS
(Ornamental molding
following the curve on the
underside of an arch)
JAMB COLUMN
JAMB FIGURE
=
COLONNETTE
PIERS (A small, relatively thin
column, often used for
decoration or to support
an arcade.)

31. Now,

32. ELEVATION
THE MAIN BUILDING CLEARLY SURROUNDED
BY THE GARDEN.
THE STRUCTURE IS MADE OUT
FROM TOUGH BRICKS AND A
MARBLE MATERIALS LIKE MOSAIC.

33. ElEVATIONKEYSTONE
THREE ROUND
ARCHES
EXTRADOS
INTRADOS (exterior curve
of arch)
VOUSSOIRS
SPRINGING IMPOST
(the level where an (The
uppermost
arch or vault rises part of a
column
from a support) supporting arch)
JAMB

34. Finally, Analysis
 Plan
 Circulation

35. Analysis of Plan
• FROM THE SCHEMATIC
PLAN CONSTRUCTED WE
CAN SEE THAT THE
BUILDING HAVE A BALANCE
SIDES AND IN LINEAR
ORGANISATION.
• ONE SIDE FOR MENS AND
ANOTHER SIDE FOR
WOMENS DEPARTMENT.
• THE IMPORTANT ROOMS
OF APODYTERIUM AND
PALAESTRAS IS AT THE
• AND THE CALDARIUM, TEPIDARIUM, FRIGIDARIUM AND NATATIO
LOCATED IN LINE AT THE CENTRE OF THE MAIN BUILDING.

36. Analysis of
Circulation THE BUILDING IS
CONSTRUCTED WITH
THE BEST BUILDING
CIRCULATION.
 BUT THIS BATH OF
CARACALLA DOES NOT
FUNCTION AS A PUBLIC
BATH ONLY. IT ALSO
FUNCTION AS A SOCIAL
CENTRE WHERE
BUSINESS AND TRADES

37. The
Presentation by,
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