4.18.24 Movement Legacies, Reflection, and Review.pptx
T. Kono (ATLAS) - Latest Results on Searches for Dark Matter Candidates with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC
1. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 1
LATEST RESULTS ON SEARCHES FOR
DARK MATTER CANDIDATES WITH THE
ATLAS EXPERIMENT AT THE LHC
Takanori Kono (University of Hamburg/DESY)
BW2011 Workshop, Serbia
28.08 – 01.09, 2011
2. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 2
Outline
• Standard model and supersymmetry
• LHC and ATLAS
• SUSY searches in ATLAS
• 0-lepton + missing transverse energy (w/wo b-tag)
• 1-lepton/2-lepton + missing transverse energy
• 2 photon + missing transverse energy
• Long-lived particle search
• Medium-lived particles with displaced vertex R-parity violating
• eμ resonance scenarios
• Conclusion
3. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 3
Standard Model of particle physics
• Standard Model (SM) is a beautiful theory
which describes nature with great precision
• Quarks, leptons and force-carrying particles
• Electroweak symmetry breaking (EMSB) is
essential to describe observed particle
masses and interactions
• Masses of W/Z bosons
• Coupling between W/Z and fermions
• Higgs field drives EWSB
Unanswered questions in SM
• 3 generation structure
• Particle mass hierarchy and mixing
• Matter-antimatter asymmetry
• Stability of the Higgs mass
• What is dark matter? (evidence from cosmology)
4. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 4
Extensions of the SM
• Many extensions to the SM have been proposed
• Fourth generation
• New symmetry
• Extra-dimensional models
• …..
• Supersymmetry (SUSY)
• SUSY provides an elegant solution to the hierarchy problem by
introducing a super-partner to every SM particle (fermion – boson)
• Provides a natural dark matter candidate
• Unification of gauge couplings
• If SUSY is accessible, new particles are expected to be
produced copiously at the LHC
• Production of gluinos and squarks and their decays
5. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 5
Supersymmetry (SUSY)
• SUSY
• Introduces a superpartner to each SM particle
which differs ½ in spin
• SUSY must be a broken symmetry
• Different symmetry breaking mechanism
leads to different phenomenologies
• Minimal Supersymmetric SM (MSSM)
• Minimal extension of the SM
• 124 free parameters
• mSUGRA (5 parameters)
m0 : common scalar mass at the GUTscale
m1/ 2 : common fermion mass at the GUTscale
A0 : trilinear coupling
Most experimental results are
tan : sign of SUSY Higgs potential parameter interpreted in the context of
sign : sign of SUSY Higgs potential parameter mSUGRA
6. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 6
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
2011 running
• Proton-proton collision at the center-
of-mass energy of 7 TeV
• 50 ns bunch spacing
• Peak luminosity : 2.37×1033 cm-2s-1
• Delivered luminosity : >2.5 fb1
• Average pileup: ~8 collisions/bunch
• 2 general-purpose experiments (ATLAS, CMS)
• Experiments dedicated for specific physics
(ALICE, LHCb, TOTEM, LHCf)
7. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 7
ATLAS experiment Calorimeter
• Large acceptance and hermiticity • LAr : EM calorimeter
• Tile: Fe/Scintillator tile
• High granularity readout and
excellent resolution
Inner Detector
• Pixel (pixel detector)
• SCT (silicon strip detector)
• TRT (transition radiation tracker)
Muon spectrometer Magnet system
• MDT, CSC : precise momentum measurement • 2 T solenoid
• RPC, TGC : trigger chambers • 0.5 T toroid
8. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 8
Physics at the LHC
σ (proton-proton)
Total inelastic pp collision
Minimum bias events
QCD jet production including
heavy flavors
W/Z boson production
top pair production
Higgs, SUSY and other new
physics searches
With >2 fb-1 of data we are
already probing this region
9. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 9
Searches for SUSY at the LHC
Characteristic SUSY production and decay• In R-parity is conserved, SUSY
particles are produced in pairs and
the lightest SUSY particle (LSP)
becomes stable
• R=(-1)3(B-L)+2s
• No direct observation of SUSY
particles, but only SM particles are
reconstructed directly
• No mass peaks
• LSP escapes the detector undetected
producing a missing transverse
energy (ETmiss)
• Evidence of SUSY is done by
establishing an excess of events in
some region of phase space
• Crucial to understand the
contribution from SM processes
10. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 10
Overview of SUSY searches in ATLAS
Channel Signature Integrated lumi.
0-leptons+jets+ETmiss ≥2-4 jets, large ETmiss, meff 1.04 fb-1
1-leptons+jets+ETmiss ≥3 jets, e or μ, large ETmiss, meff 1.04 fb-1
2-leptons+ETmiss Exactly 2 leptons, large ETmiss 1.04 fb-1
0-leptons+bjets+ETmiss ≥3 jets, large ETmiss, meff 0.83 fb-1
Diphoton+ETmiss γγ+ETmiss+X 1.07 fb-1
Long-lived particle Slowly moving particle 37 pb-1
eμ resonance eμ+X 0.87 fb-1
Medium-lived particle μ+displaced vertex 35 pb-1
n
• Interpretation of search results in the context of
meff pT ET
i miss
• mSUGRA/CMSSM model i 1
• M0, M1/2, A0, tanβ, sgn(μ)
• Simplified model
11. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 11
L=1.04 fb-1
ETmiss + jets + 0-lepton channel
Five signal regions are defined
to maximize sensitivities for
various production mechanisms
~~ ~
~
q q q10 q10
~~ ~
~
g q qq10 q10
~~ ~ ~
g g qq 0 qq 0
1 1
Background sources
W+jets Leptons reconstructed as jets
Z/γ+jets γ/leptons as jets, Z+jetsνν+jets
Top Hadronic tau decay
All background estimations
QCD Mis-measurement of jets or ν from heavy are data-driven
flavor decay
12. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 12
L=1.04 fb-1
Entries / 100 GeV
Search in 0-lepton : Results
Entries / 150 GeV
Entries / 100 GeV
105
Data 2011 ( s = 7 TeV) 105 Data 2011 ( s = 7 TeV) Data 2011 ( s = 7 TeV)
105 ∫ L dt ~ 1.04 fb
-1 SM Total
QCD multijet
W+jets 104
∫ L dt ~ 1.04 fb
-1 SM Total
QCD multijet
W+jets
104 ∫ L dt ~ 1.04 fb
-1 SM Total
QCD multijet
W+jets
Three Jet Channel Z+jets Four Jet Channel Z+jets
Four Jet High Mass Z+jets
104 Channel
tt and single top tt and single top 103 tt and single top
SM + SU(660,240,0,10) 103 SM + SU(660,240,0,10) SM + SU(660,240,0,10)
103
ATLAS Preliminary ATLAS Preliminary 102 ATLAS Preliminary
102
102
10
10
10
1
1
1
10-1
DATA / MC
DATA / MC
2.50 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2.50 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
DATA / MC
2 2.50 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2
1.5 2 1.5
1 1.5 1
0.5 1 0.5
0 0.5 0
-0.5 0 -0.5
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 -0.5 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
meff [GeV] meff [GeV]
meff [GeV]
≥2 jets ≥3 jets ≥4 jets ≥4 jets ≥4 jets
meff>500 GeV meff>1000 GeV high mass
Total 62.3±4.3±9.2 55.0±3.8±7.3 984±39±145 33.4±2.9±6.3 13.2±1.9±2.6
expected
Data 58 59 1118 40 18
Limit on 22 (fb) 25 (fb) 429 (fb) 27 (fb) 17 (fb)
fiducial cross
section
No excess was observed
13. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 13
ETmiss + jets + 0-lepton : Interpretation
Phenomenological MSSM (squark-gluino) grids mSUGRA/CMSSM, A0=0, tanβ=10, μ>0
• Masses from 100 GeV to 2 TeV, m(χ01)=0
• Limits unchanged if LSP mass raised to 200 GeV
Squark-gluino-neutralino model (m = 0 GeV) MSUGRA/CMSSM: tanβ = 10, A = 0, μ>0
LSP 0
2000
squark mass [GeV]
m1/2 [GeV]
ATLAS Preliminary ATLAS Preliminary 0 lepton 2011 combined
0 lepton 2011 combined L
int
= 1.04 fb -1, s=7 TeV CLs observed 95% C.L. limit
LEP2 ∼ 1
±
CLs observed 95% C.L. limit χ CLs median expected limit
1750 600 ~, ~, tanβ=3, μ <0, 2.1 fb-1
CLs median expected limit D0 g q exp. limit 68%, 99% CL
CDF ~,~, tanβ=5, μ <0, 2 fb-1
gq Reference point
exp. limit 68%, 99% CL Theoretically excluded 2010 data PCL 95% C.L. limit
1500
2010 data PCL 95% C.L. limit
int 500
L = 1.04 fb-1, s=7 TeV
~ (140
q
1250 ~ (1200)
g
Tevatron, Run I
0)
σSUSY = 0.01 pb
CDF, Run II
D0, Run II
1000 400
~ (1000)
g
~ (10
q
σSUSY = 0.1 pb
750
00)
300
σSUSY = 1 pb ~ (800)
g
500
~ (6
q
σSUSY = 10 pb
00
200 ~ (600)
g
)
250
LEP2 ~
q
0
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
gluino mass [GeV] m0 [GeV]
Exclude at 95 % C.L.
Exclude at 95 % C.L.
mg 800 GeV, mq 850 GeV
~ ~
if mg mq , masses 980 GeV
~ ~
if mg mq , masses 1075 GeV
~ ~
14. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 14
ETmiss + bjets + 0-lepton L=0.83 fb-1
• Analysis similar to jets+ channel but requires at least one b-jet
• Sensitive to 3rd generation squarks in R-parity conserving scenarios
• Define 4 signal regions to maximize sensitivity 1 b-tag 105
Events/ 50 GeV
ATLAS Preliminary 0-lepton,3 jets
3J-A 3J-B 3J-C 3J-D
>= 1 bjet
104 ∫ -1
L dt = 0.83 fb , s = 7 TeV Data 2011
SM Total
top production
3
10 W production
Z production
QCD production
~ 700 GeV, ~ 380 GeV
102
≥1 b-tag ≥1 b-tag ≥2 b-tag ≥2 b-tag
g b
10
meff>500 GeV meff>700 GeV meff>500 GeV meff>700 GeV 1
10-1
data / MC
2.5
Pheonomenological MSSM 2
1.5
1
0.5
mg mb m 0
~ ~ ~
00 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
meff [GeV]
1 1
~ ~ ~ ~
g b1b, b1 b10 (100 %)
105
2 b-tag
Events/ 50 GeV
ATLAS Preliminary 0-lepton,3 jets
>= 2 bjets
104 ∫ L dt = 0.83 fb ,-1
s = 7 TeV Data 2011
m 0 60 GeV
SM Total
top production
103 W production
~ Z production
QCD production
1 102 ~ 700 GeV, ~ 380 GeV
g b
General simplified model 10
1
• Squarks assumed to be heavy 10-1
• Gluino-gluino pair production
data / MC
2.5
2
1.5
~ ~
g bb10 (3 - body decay)
1
0.5
00 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
meff [GeV]
18. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 18
ETmiss + 2-lepton
• Several leptons may be produced in the
cascade decay of SUSY particles
• 2-lepton channel is sensitive to the pair
production of weak gauginos
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
1 20 , 1 10 , 1 1 , 20 20
~ ~
(a) i0 l
j
1 lepton on one leg
~ ~
(b) l 0
i j
~ ~
(c) i0 l l 0
j
2 leptons on one leg
~ ~
(d) l l (identical flavor,
i j
opposite-sign pair)
Search for ETmiss+2-leptons events with
• Same-sign leptons (SS)
• Opposite-sign leptons (OS)
• Opposite-sign, identical flavor (OS, identical flavor)
20. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 20
2-lepton channel results SS, OS
Signal regions (SR)
• SS SR1 : ETmiss>100 GeV
• SS SR2 : ETmiss>80 GeV, jet pT>50,50 GeV
• OS SR1 : ETmiss>250 GeV
• OS SR2 : ETmiss>220 GeV, jet pT>80,40,40 GeV
• OS SR3 : ETmiss>100 GeV, jet pT>100,70,70,70 GeV
Limits on A×ε×σ
21. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 21
Flavor subtraction, OS
240
Events / 20 GeV
Events / 20 GeV
ATLAS Preliminary Data 2011 ( s = 7 TeV) SF ATLAS Preliminary Data 2011 ( s = 7 TeV) SF
250 220
Data 2011 ( s = 7 TeV) DF Data 2011 ( s = 7 TeV) DF
200
SM Background SF
SM Background DF
200
180
SM Background SF
SM Background DF
Observed value of S
Fake leptons (SF)
Z+jets (SF)
160
140
Fake leptons (SF)
Z+jets (SF) Sobs=-3.1
150 Drell-Yan (SF) Drell-Yan (SF)
tt (SF)
120 tt (SF)
Diboson (SF) 100 Diboson (SF)
100 single top (SF) 80 single top (SF)
With pseudo-experiments
∫ L dt ~ 1.04 fb ∫ L dt ~ 1.04 fb
60
Ss<4.9 (95 % CL)
-1 -1
50 40
20
0 0
Data/MC SF
Data/MC SF
2 2 3
×10
Experiments
20
1 1
ATLAS Preliminary S=0.4±4.6
18
0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
>300 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
>300 16
Mll [GeV] Mll [GeV] 14
12
10
8
N
Ne 6
Ne e
S
4
1 1 e 2 1 1 2 1 1 e 1
2
0
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Spseudo-obs
electron, muon trigger efficiency
ratio of electron and muon reconstruction efficiencies and acceptances
22. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 22
L=1.07 fb-1
Diphoton + ETmiss
Events / 5 GeV
104 Data 2011 ( s = 7 TeV)
• In gauge-mediated SUSY breaking
QCD
103 W→eν +jets, W →eν +γ , t t →eν +X
Z→ν ν +γ γ , W→lν +γ γ
(GMSB) models, the LSP is the gravitino GGM m~ / mχ = 800 / 400 GeV
g ∼
102
~ SPS8 Λ = 140 TeV
G
0
1
UED 1/R = 1200 GeV
10
ATLAS Preliminary ∫ Ldt = 1.07 fb -1
• Signature: 2γ + ETmiss +X 1
10-1
• Generalized model of gauge- 10-2
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
mediated SUSY breaking (GGM) ET
miss
[GeV]
with a bino-like lightest neutralino GGM: bino-like neutralino, tanβ = 2, cτNLSP < 0.1 mm
1200
(95 % C.L.)
mg [GeV]
ATLAS Expected CL s Limit
1100
• σ<0.02 – 0.04 pb ATLAS Observed CL s Limit
~
1000 ± 1σ
• m(gluino)>776 GeV 900
ATLAS Observed CL s Limit (36 pb-1)
• Universal Extra Dimension (UED) 800
(95 % C.L.) 700
∫ Ldt = 1.07 fb-1
• σ<0.015 – 0.027 pb
s = 7 TeV
600
• 1/R>1224 GeV on the UED 500 ~ NLSP
g
ATLAS Preliminary
compactification radius 400
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
m∼ [GeV]
χ
23. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 23
Massive long-lived particle (LLP) search
• SUSY particles produced at the LHC may have a
long lifetime
• The particle can travel >10 meters
• This may happen when the mass difference
between the LSP is very small
• Long-lived slepton
• For example, stau as the NLSP
• Behaves like a heavy muon in the detector
• Long-lived squarks/gluinos
• Hadronizes with normal quarks or gluons
R-hadrons Measured β from real muons
Search strategy
• Look for a slowly traveling particle reaching the muon spectrometer
• Measure the velocity (β) m=p/(βγ)
• Timing resolution : 1-2 ns with the Tile calorimeter, 3-4 ns with the
muon spectrometers
24. 28.08.2011 - 01.09.2011 BW2011 Workshop, Serbia 24
LLP search results
Reconstructed mass distributions for
• slepton search
• R-hadron search
Consistent with BG expectation