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Element
 s of a
 Short
 Story
Elements of a Short
      Story
         Setting


       Characters


           Plot


         Conflict


       Point of View


         Theme
Setting
• Place - Geographical location. Where is the action of
  the story taking place?
• Time - When is the story taking place? (historical
  period, time of day, year, etc.)
• Weather Conditions - Is it rainy, sunny, stormy,
  etc.?
• Social Conditions -What is the daily life of the
  characters like? Does the story contain local color
  (writing that focuses on the speech, dress,
  mannerisms, customs, etc. of a particular place)?
• Mood or Atmosphere - What feeling is created at the
  beginning of the story? Is it bright and cheerful or
  dark and frightening?
Characters

Character is a person, or sometimes
  even an animal, who takes part in
  the action of a short story or a
  piece of literary work.
• main characters - those who are
  most important in the story
• minor characters - usually static
  or unchanging
Characters According to
      Principality
     1.Protagonist
 • is the character with whom the
   reader empathizes



      2.Antagonist
 • is the character that goes
   against the protagonist
Characters According to
     Development

          1.Dynamic
• a character that exhibits noticeable
  development


            2.Static
• a character who exhibits no
  changes and development
Characters According to
      Personality

         1.Round
 • is a character that displays
   different/multiple personalities
   throughout the story

           2.Flat
 • it is the character that reveals
   conventional traits; who remains
   the same throughout the story
Characterization
Characterization is the method used by the
  writer/author to reveal the personality of the
  character/s.

The characters are revealed according to:
1. actions of the character
2. thoughts of the character
3. descriptions of the character
4. descriptions of other characters
5. descriptions of the author
Plot

It is the sequence of events in a story
   or play.
Kinds of Plot
1. Linear plot - Moves with the natural sequence
   of events where actions are arranged
   sequentially.
2. Circular plot - A kind of plot where linear
   development of the story merges with an
   interruption in the chronological order to show
   an event that happened in the past.
3. En Medias Res - A kind of plot where the story
   commences in the middle part of the action.
Five Stages
a) Introduction - The beginning of the story where the
characters and the setting is revealed.

b) Rising Action - This is where the events in the story
become complicated and the conflict in the story is revealed
(events between the introduction and climax).
c) Climax - This is the highest point of interest and the turning
point of the story. The reader wonders what will happen next; will
the conflict be resolved or not?

d) Falling action - The events and complications begin
to resolve themselves. The reader knows what has
happened next and if the conflict was resolved or not
(events between climax and denouement).

e) Denouement - This is the final outcome or untangling of
events in the story.
Pyramid Pattern of a
       Plot
Conflict
Conflict is the opposition of forces
 which ties one incident to another and
 makes the plot move.

Two Major Types
1. External - A struggle with a force
  outside one's self.
2. Internal - A struggle within one's self;
  a person must make some decision,
  overcome pain, quiet their temper,
  resist an urge, etc.
External
a. man vs. man
- a type of conflict where one character in the story has a
   problem with one or more of the other characters
b. man vs. society
- a type of conflict where a character has a conflict or
problem with some element of society-the school, the
law, the accepted way of doing things, and so on

c. man vs. nature
- a type of conflict where a character has a problem with
some natural happening: snowstorm, typhoon, avalanche,
bitter cold, or any elements common to nature
Internal

man vs. self
-is a type of conflict where a
   character has trouble deciding
   what to do in a particular situation
Point of View
The angle from which the story is told.
Types:
1. First-Person POT - The story is told by the protagonist
  or one of the characters who interacts closely with the
  protagonist or other characters (using pronouns I, me, we,
  etc).

2. Stream of Consciousness - The story is told so that
  the reader feels as if they are inside the head of one
  character and knows all their thoughts and reactions.

3. Third-Person Omniscient POT (third person) - The
  narrator tells the story from an all-knowing point of view.
  He can move from character to character, event to event,
  having free access to the thoughts, feelings and
  motivations of his characters and he introduces
  information where and when he chooses.
Theme

The theme is the controlling idea or
   the central insight.
It is the author's underlying meaning
   or main idea that he is trying to
   convey.
The theme may be the author's
   thoughts about a topic or view of
   human nature.
SETTING
              In a single hour in an American home in the 19th century.
CHARACTERS    -Mrs. Louise Mallard
              -Mr. Brently Mallard
              -Josephine
              -Richards
              - Doctors
PLOT          Exposition
              - Mrs. Mallard had a heart ailment. And his husband Brently Mallard is believed to be killed
              in a train accident.
              Rising Action
              -Josephine broke the news of Brently Mallard’s “death”.
              Climax
              -Mrs. Mallard cried and went to her room. In the room, she saw all signs of new life coming.
              Falling Action
              -She was delighted about the freedom. She went down and joined Josephine and Richards
              when somebody opened the door.
              Denouement
              - Surprised and disappointed, Mrs. Mallard died of heart attack.

CONFLICT      Man vs. self
              Man vs. society
PT. OF VIEW   Third person omniscient
THEME
              There was discrimination of women in a male-dominated society in the 19th century.
               Freedom seems like a terrible thing to Mrs. Mallard, who's restricted in lots of ways: through
              her marriage, by her bad heart, and even inside her home, which she doesn't leave during

              "The Story of an Hour."

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Elements of short story

  • 1. Element s of a Short Story
  • 2. Elements of a Short Story Setting Characters Plot Conflict Point of View Theme
  • 3. Setting • Place - Geographical location. Where is the action of the story taking place? • Time - When is the story taking place? (historical period, time of day, year, etc.) • Weather Conditions - Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc.? • Social Conditions -What is the daily life of the characters like? Does the story contain local color (writing that focuses on the speech, dress, mannerisms, customs, etc. of a particular place)? • Mood or Atmosphere - What feeling is created at the beginning of the story? Is it bright and cheerful or dark and frightening?
  • 4. Characters Character is a person, or sometimes even an animal, who takes part in the action of a short story or a piece of literary work. • main characters - those who are most important in the story • minor characters - usually static or unchanging
  • 5. Characters According to Principality 1.Protagonist • is the character with whom the reader empathizes 2.Antagonist • is the character that goes against the protagonist
  • 6. Characters According to Development 1.Dynamic • a character that exhibits noticeable development 2.Static • a character who exhibits no changes and development
  • 7. Characters According to Personality 1.Round • is a character that displays different/multiple personalities throughout the story 2.Flat • it is the character that reveals conventional traits; who remains the same throughout the story
  • 8. Characterization Characterization is the method used by the writer/author to reveal the personality of the character/s. The characters are revealed according to: 1. actions of the character 2. thoughts of the character 3. descriptions of the character 4. descriptions of other characters 5. descriptions of the author
  • 9. Plot It is the sequence of events in a story or play. Kinds of Plot 1. Linear plot - Moves with the natural sequence of events where actions are arranged sequentially. 2. Circular plot - A kind of plot where linear development of the story merges with an interruption in the chronological order to show an event that happened in the past. 3. En Medias Res - A kind of plot where the story commences in the middle part of the action.
  • 10. Five Stages a) Introduction - The beginning of the story where the characters and the setting is revealed. b) Rising Action - This is where the events in the story become complicated and the conflict in the story is revealed (events between the introduction and climax). c) Climax - This is the highest point of interest and the turning point of the story. The reader wonders what will happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not? d) Falling action - The events and complications begin to resolve themselves. The reader knows what has happened next and if the conflict was resolved or not (events between climax and denouement). e) Denouement - This is the final outcome or untangling of events in the story.
  • 12. Conflict Conflict is the opposition of forces which ties one incident to another and makes the plot move. Two Major Types 1. External - A struggle with a force outside one's self. 2. Internal - A struggle within one's self; a person must make some decision, overcome pain, quiet their temper, resist an urge, etc.
  • 13. External a. man vs. man - a type of conflict where one character in the story has a problem with one or more of the other characters b. man vs. society - a type of conflict where a character has a conflict or problem with some element of society-the school, the law, the accepted way of doing things, and so on c. man vs. nature - a type of conflict where a character has a problem with some natural happening: snowstorm, typhoon, avalanche, bitter cold, or any elements common to nature
  • 14. Internal man vs. self -is a type of conflict where a character has trouble deciding what to do in a particular situation
  • 15. Point of View The angle from which the story is told. Types: 1. First-Person POT - The story is told by the protagonist or one of the characters who interacts closely with the protagonist or other characters (using pronouns I, me, we, etc). 2. Stream of Consciousness - The story is told so that the reader feels as if they are inside the head of one character and knows all their thoughts and reactions. 3. Third-Person Omniscient POT (third person) - The narrator tells the story from an all-knowing point of view. He can move from character to character, event to event, having free access to the thoughts, feelings and motivations of his characters and he introduces information where and when he chooses.
  • 16. Theme The theme is the controlling idea or the central insight. It is the author's underlying meaning or main idea that he is trying to convey. The theme may be the author's thoughts about a topic or view of human nature.
  • 17. SETTING In a single hour in an American home in the 19th century. CHARACTERS -Mrs. Louise Mallard -Mr. Brently Mallard -Josephine -Richards - Doctors PLOT Exposition - Mrs. Mallard had a heart ailment. And his husband Brently Mallard is believed to be killed in a train accident. Rising Action -Josephine broke the news of Brently Mallard’s “death”. Climax -Mrs. Mallard cried and went to her room. In the room, she saw all signs of new life coming. Falling Action -She was delighted about the freedom. She went down and joined Josephine and Richards when somebody opened the door. Denouement - Surprised and disappointed, Mrs. Mallard died of heart attack. CONFLICT Man vs. self Man vs. society PT. OF VIEW Third person omniscient THEME There was discrimination of women in a male-dominated society in the 19th century. Freedom seems like a terrible thing to Mrs. Mallard, who's restricted in lots of ways: through her marriage, by her bad heart, and even inside her home, which she doesn't leave during "The Story of an Hour."