2. 1. Interior Secretary Manuel Roxas
would have been asked if he
would sustain the DILG policy or
not.
2. Sen. Miriam Defensor-Santiago
opposed the confirmation of no-
shows for the snub she got in
the investigation on Friday.
3. Executive Secretary Paquito
Ochoa also did not show up, but
his appointment had already
been confirmed.

3. 4. Santiago did not spare fellow
senators in her blistering
offensive during the radio
interview after both Enrile and
Lacson raised potential
technical problems.
5. Malacañang announced last
week its discovery of a P400-
million deal for the supply of M4
rifles to the Philippine National
Police was overpriced.

4. 6. Nobody explained the
reason of his/her absence
from the hearing on
revision of codes and laws.
7. Many gave their comments
and were blasted by Sen.
Miriam Defensor-Santiago.
8. Some of the negative
campaign appears to have
run its course.

5. 9. “Some of the politicians are
hypocrites because they will
attack you behind your back and
act like you’re sweethearts when
you’re facing each other,”
Santiago said.
10.The President and son of Ninoy
gave his commands and the
functions of the interior secretary.
11.Cabinet members and the
senators submitted their tax
returns to the BIR.

6. 12.Either the cabinet members or
Lacson yesterday denied that he
was instructed by Malacañang to
boycott the hearing.
13.Neither Justice Secretary Leila
de Lima nor Environment
Secretary Ramon Paje gave his
answers to the questions about
Puno’s stint as interior
undersecretary in charge of
police affairs.

7. 14.The committee has
come up with its
decision.
15.The committee will
veto their
appointments.

8. Pronoun-
Antecede
nt
Agreemen

9. Pronouns are words that take
the place of nouns.
The antecedent of a pronoun
is the word to which the
pronoun refers.
Agreement is
the act of agreeing or of coming
to a mutual arrangement.

10. BASIC RULE
A pronoun and its
antecedent must agree
in person, number and
gender.

11. AGREE IN PERSON
Person is used here as a grammar
word and means:
1st person or the self (I, me,
we),
2nd person or the person
spoken to (you),
3rd person or the person
spoken about (he, she, him,
her, they, them).

12. RULE:The pronoun should
agree in person with its
antecedent. There must not
be a shift in point of view.
1. Interior Secretary Manuel Roxas
would have been asked whether
he would sustain the DILG policy.
2. Sen. Miriam Defensor-Santiago
opposed the confirmation of no-
shows for the snub she got in the
investigation on Friday.

13. AGREE IN GENDER
It is the
membership in a particular class.
Masculine - he, his, him
Feminine - she, her, hers
Neuter/neutral -it, its (when the
antecedent has no gender
association)

14. 3. Executive Secretary Paquito Ochoa
also did not show up, but his
appointment had already been
confirmed.
4. Santiago did not spare fellow senators
in her blistering offensive during the
radio interview after both Enrile and
Lacson raised potential technical
problems.
5. Malacañang announced last week its
discovery of a P400-million deal for
the supply of M4 rifles to the
Philippine National Police was
overpriced.

15. RULE: The pronoun agrees
with its antecedent in
gender (masculine, feminine,
neuter).
NOTE: When a singular
pronoun must refer to
both feminine and
masculine antecedents
(COMMON), the phrase his
or her is acceptable. This
is to avoid what they
consider to be sexist
language.

16. In the 1950s, rule books would
have recommended using the
masculine pronoun exclusively.
Oh, my!
Somebody left
his lights on.

17. In the 1970s, after criticism from feminists
and civil rights activists, rule books next
suggested using both genders so that males
and females had equal representation in the
language.
II can see them
can see them
Somebody left along the watch
along the watch
his or her tower ......
tower
lights on.

18. Do not be
Do not be
confused with it’s
confused with it’s
and its..
and its
• It’s [with an apostrophe] means it is or
it has .
• Its [without an apostrophe] means
belonging to it —for example, its
bowl, its sharp teeth, its long claws,
etc. (shows possession/ownership)

19. Companies, organizations, and
schools are singular and thus
require singular pronouns.
One urban legend is that McDonald’s makes its
One urban legend is that McDonald’s makes its
hamburgers with kangaroo meat.
hamburgers with kangaroo meat.
The World Wildlife Fund uses the donations it receives to
The World Wildlife Fund uses the donations it receives to
trample the rights of third-world people who share the habitat of
trample the rights of third-world people who share the habitat of
endangered animals.
endangered animals.

20. AGREE IN NUMBER
A pronoun agrees with its
atecedent in number.
If the antecedent of a pronoun
is singular, a singular
pronoun is required. If the
antecedent is plural, a
plural pronoun is required.

21. Know the difference
between these singular
and plural pronouns.
Singular Plural
• He, she, it • They
• Him, her, it • Them
• His, hers, its • Their, theirs
• Himself,
• Themselves
herself, itself

22. Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
refer to an unknown
or undetermined
person, place or
thing.

23. Nobody explained the
reason of his/her absence
from the hearing on revision
of codes and laws.
Many gave their comments
and were blasted by Sen.
Miriam Defensor-Santiago.

24. These indefinite pronouns are
always singular.
• Each, either, neither
• Anyone, anybody, anything
• Everyone, everybody, everything
• No one, nobody, nothing
• Someone, somebody, something

25. These indefinite pronouns are
always plural.
• Both
• Few
• Many
• Several

26. Some of the negative campaign
appears to have run its course.
“Some of the politicians are
hypocrites because they will
attack you behind your back
and act like you’re sweethearts
when you’re facing each other,”
Santiago said.

27. These indefinite pronouns are either
plural or singular.
May be referred to by a singular or
plural, depending on the meaning
intended.
• All
• Any
• Most
• None
• Some

28. Compound Antecedents
Joined by “and”
Compound antecedents joined
by and ordinarily require a plural
pronoun:
Mary and Bill ran until they were
exhausted.

29. RULE: The pronoun to use
depends on whether the
compound antecedent is
singular or plural in meaning.
The President and son of Ninoy
gave his commands and the
functions of the interior
secretary.
Cabinet members and the senators
submitted their tax returns to the
BIR.

30. Either the cabinet members or
Lacson yesterday denied that he
was instructed by Malacañang to
boycott the hearing.
Neither Justice Secretary Leila de
Lima nor Environment Secretary
Ramon Paje gave his answers to
the questions about Puno’s stint
as interior undersecretary in
charge of police affairs.

31. Compound Antecedents
Joined by “either … or, neither
… nor, and not only … but
also”
also
RULE: Of the two
antecedents in the
sentence, the
pronoun must agree
with the closer one
(nearer antecedent).

32. Collective Nouns
• Collective nouns are the names of a
number (or collection) of people,
animals, or things taken together and
spoken of as one whole.
• Collective nouns are groups of
people: team, jury, class,
committee, army, family, etc.

33. The committee has
come up with its
decision.
The committee will
veto their
appointments.

34. RULE: Collective nouns are
singular or plural,
depending on context or
the meaning intended.
• If all members are acting in
unison, treat the collective noun
as singular and use a singular
pronoun.
• If, however, all members are acting
individually, treat the noun as
plural and use a plural
pronoun.

35. Quick Test
Directions: Identify the pronoun and its
antecedent. Analyze whether they agree
with each other or not.
1. At the zoo, every lion roared
their approval when the mean child
their
its
slipped in a puddle and cracked his
head on the sidewalk.

36. 2. Each of those worried students is
wondering how to answer
effectively on their pronoun
their
his
her
agreement quiz.
Or try this: Those worried
students are wondering how to answer
effectively on their pronoun agreement
quiz.

37. 3. Both Mrs. Williams and
Correct!
her students are happy
to hear that they can
order steak for their
lunch.

38. 4. Not only my two girls but also
Teddy loves to eat pepperoni that
I pull off my pizza to give to
them.
them
him.
.
Remember that the closer of the
two antecedents counts: Not only
my two girls but also Teddy loves
to eat pepperoni that I pull off my pizza to
give to him.

39. 5. Oh, no! Someone left their their
her
his
greasy French fries on the essay
that I have to turn in to Mrs. Neal
next hour!
Or try this: Several left their greasy
French fries on the paper that I have
to turn in to Mrs. Neal next hour!

40. 6. Both Suzi and Beth
Correct!
will try to see their
parents over the
weekend.

41. 7. The choir
Correct!
presented its final
performance.

42. 8. The class cheered their approval
their
its
when Dr. Shuman postponed
the frog dissection so that the
students could go home early on
Friday afternoon.
Or try this: The students cheered
their approval when Dr. Shuman
postponed the frog dissection . . .

43. 9. Either Jane or her
Correct!
friends will present
their project.

44. 10.The committee unanimously
decided to impeach the president
because they could no longer
they
it
stand his long-winded speeches
and unclear policies.
Or try this: The committee
members unanimously decided to
impeach the president because they
could no longer stand . . .

45. I've always believed in God. I also think
that's the sort of thing that either
comes as part of the equipment, the
capacity to believe, or at some point in
your life, when you're in a position
where you actually need help from a
power greater than yourself, you
simply make an agreement.
Stephen King
Thank you!
^_^