This document discusses identifying and revising run-on sentences. It defines run-on sentences as having two or more independent clauses joined incorrectly. There are two types of run-on sentences: fused sentences which are joined with no punctuation, and comma splices which are joined with only a comma. The document provides four ways to revise run-on sentences: using a comma and conjunction, separating clauses with a semicolon or semicolon and transitional phrase, dividing into separate sentences, or changing one clause into a subordinate clause.

1. Run-On Sentences Identifying and Revising Run On Sentences

2. Sentence Part Pyramid

3. Sentence Part Synonyms Independent Clause = Complete Sentence Dependent Clause or Phrase = Fragment

4. Reminder Dependent Clauses also begin with a dependent word List on p. 220 of your textbook List on p. 27 of grammar packet

5. Review To the races Phrase, DC or IC? Whenever I see a new car Phrase, DC or IC? I can’t help but hate the car I own. Phrase, DC or IC?

6. Combining Sentence Parts Dependent Clauses (DCs) and Phrases can be joined to Independent Clauses (ICs) easily. Think about how we fixed fragment sentences Independent Clauses (ICs) can be joined to each other, but there are certain ways to correctly join them.

7. What is a Run-On Sentence? Run on sentence = 2 or more independent clauses (complete sentences) that have not been joined correctly.

8. Fragments vs. Run-Ons Both are incorrect sentences Fragment -- incomplete sentence (missing parts) Run-On -- multiple sentences “stuck” together incorrectly in one sentence

9. Types of Run-On Sentences 1) Fused Sentence Two sentences joined with no punctuation. EXAMPLE: Tiger Woods began playing golf at an early age (sentence #1) he is now the world’s greatest golfer (sentence #2). 2) Comma Splice Two sentences joined with a comma, but no conjunction EXAMPLE: Tiger Wood began playing golf at an early age (sentence #1) , he is now the world’s greatest golfer (sentence #2).

10. Identifying Run-On Sentences NO Ask yourself: Does the sentence contain two independent clauses (complete sentences)? Can’t be a run-on NO YES Are the clauses joined with ONLY a comma? YES RUN-ON SENTENCE (COMMA SPLICE)

11. Identifying Run-On Sentences Are the ICs joined together with NO punctuation and NO joining words? YES RUN-ON SENTENCE (FUSED SENTENCE) NO YOU HAVE A COMPLETE SENTENCE

12. Revising Run-On Sentences There are FOUR ways to revise a run-on sentence.

13. 1) Revising Run-On Sentences Use a comma AND a coordinating conjunction Coordinating conjunctions: (FANBOYS) And For But So Or Yet Nor Example The paramedic asked where I was hurt , and as soon as I told him, he cut up the leg of my favorite pair of jeans. Works for FUSED SENTENCES and COMMA SPLICES (comma splices only add conjunction)

14. 2a) Revising Run-On Sentences Separate the clauses (ideas) with a semi-colon semi-colon=; Example My last trip to the dentist was extremely painful; now I never want to go back there again. Works for FUSED and COMMA SPLICES (replace comma with semi-colon) when ideas in two independent clauses are closely related

15. 2b) Revising Run-On Sentences Separate the clauses (ideas) with a semi-colon AND a conjunctive adverb (transitional phrase) LIST on p. 27 of grammar packet semi-colon=; Example Handheld PDAs are gaining in popularity ; however , they are not nearly as popular as cell phones. Works for FUSED and COMMA SPLICES (replace comma with semi-colon) when ideas in two independent clauses are closely related

16. 3) Revising Run-On Sentences Divide the clauses (ideas) into separate sentences Example BEFORE: Why should we spend money on expensive space exploration, we have enough underfunded programs here on Earth. AFTER: Why should we spend money on expensive space exploration ? We have enough underfunded programs here on Earth. Works for FUSED and COMMA SPLICES (replace comma with end punctuation)

17. 4) Revising Run-On Sentences Change one of the clauses (ideas) into a subordinate clause Use this option if one idea seems more important than the other. Example BEFORE: One of the most famous advertising slogans is Wheaties cereal’s “Breakfast of Champions,” it was penned in 1933. AFTER: One of the most famous advertising slogans is Wheaties cereal’s “Breakfast of Champions” which was penned in 1933.

18. Practice The city had one public swimming pool, it stayed packed with children all summer long. Is this a run-on sentence? If so, what type? How can you revise it?

19. Practice All those crazy equations in my math book looked like insects, maybe I was going to have to rethink my major. Is this a run-on sentence? If so, what type? How can you revise it?

20. Practice The car was hardly worth trading the frame was twisted and the block was warped. Is this a run-on sentence? If so, what type? How can you revise it?